Cardiac amyloidosis: an approach to diagnosis and management

References

• Selvanayagam J, Hawkins P, Paul B et al. Evaluation and management of the cardiac amyloidosis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.50(2), 2101–2110 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCarthy R, Kasper E. A review of the amyloidoses that infiltrate the heart. Clin. Cardiol.21, 547–552 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merlini G, Belloti V. Molecular mechanisms of amyloidosis. N. Engl. J. Med.349, 583–596 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merlini G, Westermark P. The systemic amyloidoses: clearer understanding of the molecular mechanisms offers hope for more effective therapies. J. Intern. Med.255, 159–178 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falk R, Comenzo R, Skinner M. The systemic amyloidoses. N. Engl. J. Med.337(13), 898–909 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falk R. Diagnosis and management of the cardiac amyloidoses. Circulation112, 2047–2060 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristen A, Schnabelb P, Wintera B et al. High prevalence of amyloid in 150 surgically removed heart valves – a comparison of histological and clinical data reveals a correlation to atheroinflammatory conditions. Cardiovasc. Pathol. DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2009.04.005 (2009) (Epub ahead of print).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dubrey A, Anderson C, Chamarthi B et al. The clinical features of immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) amyloidosis with heart involvement. Q. J. Med.91, 141–157 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Kristen A, Perz J, Schonland S et al. Non-invasive predictors of survival in cardiac amyloidosis. Eur. J. Heart Fail.9, 617–624 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murtagh B, Hammill SC, Gertz MA et al. Electrocardiographic findings in primary systemic amyloidosis and biopsy-proven cardiac involvement Am. J. Cardiol.95, 535–537 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubrey SW, Bilazarian S, LaValley M et al. Signal-averaged electrocardiography in patients with AL (primary) amyloidosis. Am. Heart J.134(6), 994–1001 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munshi L, Ross HJ, Chen C et al. Use of echocardiography in the diagnosis of cardiac AL amyloidosis. An analysis of presumed and endomyocardial biopsy-proven disease. Can. J. Cardiolog.22D, 133 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Kristen A, Perz J, Schonland S et al. Rapid progression of left ventricular wall thickness predicts mortality in cardiac light-chain amyloidosis. J. Heart Lung Transplant.26, 1313–1319 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maceira A, Joshi J, Prasad S et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in cardiac amyloidosis. Circulation111, 186–193 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Disperenzieri A, Kyle RA, Gertz MA et al. Survival in patients with primary systemic amyloidosis and raised serum cardiac troponins. Lancet361, 1787–1789 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palladini G, Lavatelli F, Russo P et al. Circulating amyloidogenic free light chains and serum N-terminal natriuretic peptide type B decrease simultaneously in association with improvement of survival in AL. Blood107, 3854–3858 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman J, Gilmore JD, Lachmann HJ et al. Outcome of autologous stem cell transplantation for AL amyloidosis in the UK. Br. J. Haematol.134, 417–425 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lachmann HJ, Gallimore R, Gilmore JD et al. Outcome in systemic AL amyloidosis in relation to changes in concentration of circulating free immunoglobulin light chains following chemotherapy. Br. J. Haematol.122, 78–84 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubrey SW, Burke MM, Hawkins PN, Banner NR. Cardiac transplantation for amyloid heart disease: the United Kingdom experience. J. Heart Lung Transplant.23, 1142–1153 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchorawala V, Wright DG, Seldin DC et al. High-dose intravenous melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation as initial therapy or following two cycles of oral chemotherapy for the treatment of AL amyloidosis: result of prospective randomized trial. Bone Marrow Transplant.33, 381–388 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bird J, Behrens J, Westin J; United Kingdom Myeloma Forum. Guidelines for the investigation of newly detected M-proteins and the management of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined. Br. J. Haematol.125, 681–700 (2004)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saba N, Sutton D, Ross H et al. High treatment-related mortality in cardiac amyloid patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplant. Bone Marrow Transplant.101, 766–769 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Maurer M, Raina A, Hesdorffer C et al. Cardiac transplantation using extended-donor criteria organs for systemic amyloidosis complicated by heart failure. Transplantation83, 539–545 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall R, Hawkins P. Cardiac transplantation for AL amyloidosis. Br. Med. J.309, 1135–1137 (1994).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kpodonu J, Massad M, Caines A et al. Outcome of heart transplantation in patients with amyloid cardiomyopathy. J. Heart Lung Transplant.24, 1763–1765 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubrey S, Burke M, Khaghani A et al. Long term results of heart transplantation in patients with amyloid heart disease. Heart85, 202–207 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trulock EP, Christie JD, Edwards LB et al. Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: twenty-fourth official adult lung and heart–lung transplantation report – 2007. J. Heart Lung Transplant.26(8), 782–795 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kristen A, Sack F, Schonland S et al. Staged heart transplantation and chemotherapy as a treatment option in patients with severe cardiac light-chain amyloidosis. Eur. J. Heart Fail.11, 1014–1020 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar