Surgery for chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation – which mitral intervention?

References

• Gheorghiade M, Cody RJ, Francis GS, McKenna WJ, Young JB, Bonow RO. Current medical therapy for advanced heart failure. Am. Heart J.135, S231–S248 (1998).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enriquez-Sarano M, Avierinos JF, Messika-Zeitoun D et al. Quantitative determinants of the outcome of asymptomatic mitral regurgitation. N. Engl. J. Med.352, 875–883 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grigioni F, Enriquez-Sarano M, Zehr KJ, Bailey KR, Tajik AJ. Ischemic mitral regurgitation: long-term outcome and prognostic implications with quantitative Doppler assessment. Circulation103, 1759–1764 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukamachi K. Percutaneous and off-pump treatments for functional mitral regurgitation. J. Artif. Organs11, 12–18 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams DH, Anyanwu AC. Valve disease: asymptomatic mitral regurgitation: does surgery save lives? Nat. Rev. Cardiol.6, 330–332 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillinov AM, Cosgrove DM, Blackstone EH et al. Durability of mitral valve repair for degenerative disease. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.116, 734–743 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo A, Grigioni F, Avierinos JF et al. Thromboembolic complications after surgical correction of mitral regurgitation incidence, predictors, and clinical implications. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.51, 1203–1211 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suri RM, Schaff HV, Dearani JA et al. Survival advantage and improved durability of mitral repair for leaflet prolapse subsets in the current era. Ann. Thorac. Surg.82, 819–826 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpentier A. Cardiac valve surgery – the ‘French correction’. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.86, 323–337 (1983).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• David TE, Omran A, Armstrong S, Sun Z, Ivanov J. Long-term results of mitral valve repair for myxomatous disease with and without chordal replacement with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene sutures. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.115, 1279–1285; discussion 1285–1286 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athanasiou T, Chow A, Rao C et al. Preservation of the mitral valve apparatus: evidence synthesis and critical reappraisal of surgical techniques. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.33, 391–401 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reardon MJ, David TE. Mitral valve replacement with preservation of the subvalvular apparatus. Curr. Opin. Cardiol.14, 104–110 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang D, Wang Q, Yang X, Wu Q, Li Q. Mitral valve replacement through a minimal right vertical infra-axillary thoracotomy versus standard median sternotomy. Ann. Thorac. Surg.87, 704–708 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K et al. 2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation118, e523–e661 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel MR, Dehmer GJ, Hirshfeld JW, Smith PK, Spertus JA. ACCF/SCAI/STS/AATS/AHA/ASNC 2009 appropriateness criteria for coronary revascularization: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriateness Criteria Task Force, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Heart Association, and the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology: Endorsed by the American Society of Echocardiography, the Heart Failure Society of America, and the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. Circulation119, 1330–1352 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daimon M, Saracino G, Gillinov AM et al. Local dysfunction and asymmetrical deformation of mitral annular geometry in ischemic mitral regurgitation: a novel computerized 3D echocardiographic analysis. Echocardiography25, 414–423 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trichon BH, Felker GM, Shaw LK, Cabell CH, O’Connor CM. Relation of frequency and severity of mitral regurgitation to survival among patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure. Am. J. Cardiol.91, 538–543 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milano CA, Daneshmand MA, Rankin JS. et al. Survival prognosis and surgical management of ischemic mitral regurgitation. Ann. Thorac. Surg.86, 735–744 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroder JN, Williams ML, Hata JA et al. Impact of mitral valve regurgitation evaluated by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography on long-term outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting. Circulation112, I293–I298 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mallidi HR, Pelletier MP, Lamb J et al. Late outcomes in patients with uncorrected mild-to-moderate mitral regurgitation at the time of isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.127, 636–644 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossi EA, Crooke GA, DiGiorgi PL et al. Impact of moderate functional mitral insufficiency in patients undergoing surgical revascularization. Circulation114, I573–I576 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paparella D, Mickleborough LL, Carson S, Ivanov J. Mild-to-moderate mitral regurgitation in patients undergoing coronary bypass grafting: effects on operative mortality and long-term significance. Ann. Thorac. Surg.76, 1094–1100 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolis GA Jr, Korkolis DP, Kopf GS, Elefteriades JA. Revascularization alone (without mitral valve repair) suffices in patients with advanced ischemic cardiomyopathy and mild-to-moderate mitral regurgitation. Ann. Thorac. Surg.74, 1476–1480; discussion 1480–1471 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryden T, Bech-Hanssen O, Brandrup-Wognsen G, Nilsson F, Svensson S, Jeppsson A. The importance of grade 2 ischemic mitral regurgitation in coronary artery bypass grafting. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.20, 276–281 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogus NT, Us MH, Ogus H, Isik O. Coronary artery bypass grafting alone for advanced ischemic left ventricular dysfunction with significant mitral regurgitation: early and midterm outcomes in a small series. Tex. Heart Inst. J.31, 143–148 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam BK, Gillinov AM, Blackstone EH et al. Importance of moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation. Ann. Thorac. Surg.79, 462–470; discussion 462–470 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grossi EA, Goldberg JD, LaPietra A et al. Ischemic mitral valve reconstruction and replacement: comparison of long-term survival and complications. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.122, 1107–1124 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duarte IG, Shen Y, MacDonald MJ, Jones EL, Craver JM, Guyton RA. Treatment of moderate mitral regurgitation and coronary disease by coronary bypass alone: late results. Ann. Thorac. Surg.68, 426–430 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Mauro M, Di Giammarco G, Vitolla G et al. Impact of no-to-moderate mitral regurgitation on late results after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Ann. Thorac. Surg.81, 2128–2134 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aklog L, Filsoufi F, Flores KQ et al. Does coronary artery bypass grafting alone correct moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation? Circulation104, I68–I75 (2001).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diodato MD, Moon MR, Pasque MK et al. Repair of ischemic mitral regurgitation does not increase mortality or improve long-term survival in patients undergoing coronary artery revascularization: a propensity analysis. Ann. Thorac. Surg.78, 794–799 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fattouch K, Guccione F, Sampognaro R et al. POINT: efficacy of adding mitral valve restrictive annuloplasty to coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with moderate ischemic mitral valve regurgitation: a randomized trial. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.138, 278–285 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calafiore AM, Di Mauro M, Gallina S et al. Mitral valve surgery for chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation. Ann. Thorac. Surg.77, 1989–1997 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mihaljevic T, Lam BK, Rajeswaran J et al. Impact of mitral valve annuloplasty combined with revascularization in patients with functional ischemic mitral regurgitation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.49, 2191–2201 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong DR, Agnihotri AK, Hung JW et al. Long-term survival after surgical revascularization for moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation. Ann. Thorac. Surg.80, 570–577 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolling SF, Deeb GM, Bach DS. Mitral valve reconstruction in elderly, ischemic patients. Chest109, 35–40 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bax JJ, Braun J, Somer ST et al. Restrictive annuloplasty and coronary revascularization in ischemic mitral regurgitation results in reverse left ventricular remodeling. Circulation110, II103–II108 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun J, van de Veire NR, Klautz RJ et al. Restrictive mitral annuloplasty cures ischemic mitral regurgitation and heart failure. Ann. Thorac. Surg.85, 430–436; discussion 436–437 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gazoni LM, Kern JA, Swenson BR et al. A change in perspective: results for ischemic mitral valve repair are similar to mitral valve repair for degenerative disease. Ann. Thorac. Surg.84, 750–757; discussion 758 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geidel S, Lass M, Schneider C et al. Downsizing of the mitral valve and coronary revascularization in severe ischemic mitral regurgitation results in reverse left ventricular and left atrial remodeling. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.27, 1011–1016 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silberman S, Klutstein MW, Sabag T et al. Repair of ischemic mitral regurgitation: comparison between flexible and rigid annuloplasty rings. Ann. Thorac. Surg.87, 1721–1726; discussion 1726–1727 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spoor MT, Geltz A, Bolling SF. Flexible versus nonflexible mitral valve rings for congestive heart failure: differential durability of repair. Circulation114, I67–I71 (2006).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams DH, Anyanwu A. Pitfalls and limitations in measuring and interpreting the outcomes of mitral valve repair. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.131, 523–529 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buja P, Tarantini G, Del Bianco F et al. Moderate-to-severe ischemic mitral regurgitation and multivessel coronary artery disease: impact of different treatment on survival and rehospitalization. Int. J. Cardiol.111, 26–33 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris KM, Sundt TM 3rd, Aeppli D, Sharma R, Barzilai B. Can late survival of patients with moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation be impacted by intervention on the valve? Ann. Thorac. Surg.74, 1468–1475 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Radi OO, Austin PC, Tu JV, David TE, Yau TM. Mitral repair versus replacement for ischemic mitral regurgitation. Ann. Thorac. Surg.79, 1260–1267 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonacchi M, Prifti E, Maiani M, Frati G, Nathan NS, Leacche M. Mitral valve surgery simultaneous to coronary revascularization in patients with end-stage ischemic cardiomyopathy. Heart Vessels21, 20–27 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohn LH, Rizzo RJ, Adams DH et al. The effect of pathophysiology on the surgical treatment of ischemic mitral regurgitation: operative and late risks of repair versus replacement. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.9, 568–574 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillinov AM, Wierup PN, Blackstone EH et al. Is repair preferable to replacement for ischemic mitral regurgitation? J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.122, 1125–1141 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hausmann H, Siniawski H, Hetzer R. Mitral valve reconstruction and replacement for ischemic mitral insufficiency: seven years’ follow up. J. Heart Valve Dis.8, 536–542 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mantovani V, Mariscalco G, Leva C, Blanzola C, Cattaneo P, Sala A. Long-term results of the surgical treatment of chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation: comparison of repair and prosthetic replacement. J. Heart Valve Dis.13, 421–428; discussion 428–429 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prifti E, Bonacchi M, Frati G, Giunti G, Babatasi G, Sani G. Ischemic mitral valve regurgitation grade II–III: correction in patients with impaired left ventricular function undergoing simultaneous coronary revascularization. J. Heart Valve Dis.10, 754–762 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reece TB, Tribble CG, Ellman PI et al. Mitral repair is superior to replacement when associated with coronary artery disease. Ann. Surg.239, 671–675; discussion 675–677 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tavakoli R, Weber A, Brunner-La Rocca H et al. Results of surgery for irreversible moderate-to-severe mitral valve regurgitation secondary to myocardial infarction. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.21, 818–824 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magne J, Girerd N, Sénéchal M et al. Mitral repair versus replacement for ischemic mitral regurgitation: comparison of short-term and long-term survival. Circulation120, S104–S111 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Micovic S, Milacic P, Otasevic P et al. Comparison of valve annuloplasty and replacement for ischemic mitral valve incompetence. Heart Surg. Forum11(6), E340–E345 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Rao C, Hart J, Chow A et al. Does preservation of the subvalvular apparatus during mitral valve replacement affect long-term survival and quality of life? A microsimulation study. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.3, 17 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Magne J, Senechal M, Mathieu P, Dumesnil JG, Dagenais F, Pibarot P. Restrictive annuloplasty for ischemic mitral regurgitation may induce functional mitral stenosis. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.51, 1692–1701 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potter DD, Sundt TM 3rd, Zehr KJ et al. Risk of repeat mitral valve replacement for failed mitral valve prostheses. Ann. Thorac. Surg.78, 67–72 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kempfert J, Blumenstein J, Chu MW et al. Minimally invasive off-pump valve-in-a-ring implantation: the atrial transcatheter approach for re-operative mitral valve replacement after failed repair. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.35, 965–969; discussion 969 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agricola E, Oppizzi M, Maisano F et al. Echocardiographic classification of chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation caused by restricted motion according to tethering pattern. Eur. J. Echocardiogr.5, 326–334 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gelsomino S, Lorusso R, Caciolli S et al. Insights on left ventricular and valvular mechanisms of recurrent ischemic mitral regurgitation after restrictive annuloplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.136, 507–518 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hung J, Papakostas L, Tahta SA et al. Mechanism of recurrent ischemic mitral regurgitation after annuloplasty: continued LV remodeling as a moving target. Circulation110, II85–II90 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu F, Otsuji Y, Yotsumoto G et al. Mechanism of persistent ischemic mitral regurgitation after annuloplasty: importance of augmented posterior mitral leaflet tethering. Circulation112, I396–I401 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Hvass U, Tapia M, Baron F, Pouzet B, Shafy A. Papillary muscle sling: a new functional approach to mitral repair in patients with ischemic left ventricular dysfunction and functional mitral regurgitation. Ann. Thorac. Surg.75, 809–811 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kron IL, Green GR, Cope JT. Surgical relocation of the posterior papillary muscle in chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation. Ann. Thorac. Surg.74, 600–601 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto H, Iguro Y, Sakata R, Arata K, Yotsumoto G. Effectively treating ischemic mitral regurgitation with chordal cutting in combination with ring annuloplasty and left ventricular reshaping approach. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.130, 589–590 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray S, Chambers J, Gohlke-Baerwolf C, Bridgewater B. Mitral valve repair for severe mitral regurgitation: the way forward? Eur. Heart J.27, 2925–2928 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bridgewater B, Hooper T, Munsch C et al. Mitral repair best practice: proposed standards. Heart92, 939–944 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller DC. Ischemic mitral regurgitation redux – to repair or to replace? J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.122, 1059–1062 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaput M, Handschumacher MD, Tournoux F et al. Mitral leaflet adaptation to ventricular remodeling: occurrence and adequacy in patients with functional mitral regurgitation. Circulation118, 845–852 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne JG, Aklog L, Adams DH. Assessment and management of functional or ischaemic mitral regurgitation. Lancet355, 1743–1744 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan KM, Wage R, Symmonds K et al. Towards comprehensive assessment of mitral regurgitation using cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson.10, 61 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim HJ, Ahn SJ, Park SW et al. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing before and one year after mitral valve repair for severe mitral regurgitation. Am. J. Cardiol.93, 1187–1189 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madaric J, Watripont P, Bartunek J et al. Effect of mitral valve repair on exercise tolerance in asymptomatic patients with organic mitral regurgitation. Am. Heart J.154, 180–185 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feringa HH, Poldermans D, Klein P et al. Plasma natriuretic peptide levels reflect changes in heart failure symptoms, left ventricular size and function after surgical mitral valve repair. Int. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging23, 159–165 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldsmith IR, Lip GY, Patel RL. A prospective study of changes in the quality of life of patients following mitral valve repair and replacement. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg.20, 949–955 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jokinen JJ, Hippelainen MJ, Pitkanen OA, Hartikainen JE. Mitral valve replacement versus repair: propensity-adjusted survival and quality-of-life analysis. Ann. Thorac. Surg.84, 451–458 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunning J, Waller JR, Smith B, Pitts S, Kendall SW, Khan K. Coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with excellent long-term survival and quality of life: a prospective cohort study. Ann. Thorac. Surg.85, 1988–1993 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maliwa MA, van der Heijden GJ, Bots ML et al. Quality of life and NYHA class 30 years after mechanical aortic valve replacement. Cardiovasc. Surg.11, 381–387 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saeed I, Rogers C, Murday A. Health-related quality of life after cardiac transplantation: results of a UK National Survey with Norm-based Comparisons. J. Heart Lung Transplant27, 675–681 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones RH. Adding mitral valve annuloplasty to surgical revascularization does not benefit patients with functional ischemic mitral regurgitation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.49, 2202–2203 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang DH, Kim MJ, Kang SJ et al. Mitral valve repair versus revascularization alone in the treatment of ischemic mitral regurgitation. Circulation114, I499–I503 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim YH, Czer LS, Soukiasian HJ et al. Ischemic mitral regurgitation: revascularization alone versus revascularization and mitral valve repair. Ann. Thorac. Surg.79, 1895–1901 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar