DC Bead™: a major development in the toolbox for the interventional oncologist

References

• Liapi E, Lee KH, Georgiades CC, Hong K, Geschwind JF. Drug-eluting particles for interventional pharmacology. Tech. Vasc. Interv. Radiol.10(4), 261–269 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lewis AL, Gonzalez MV, Lloyd AW et al. DC bead: in vitro characterization of a drug-delivery device for transarterial chemoembolization. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol.17(2 Pt 1), 335–342 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez MV. Delivery of Drugs from Embolisation Microspheres. PhD Thesis. The University of Brighton, Brighton, UK (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Lewis AL, Gonzalez MV, Leppard SW et al. Doxorubicin eluting beads – 1: effects of drug loading on bead characteristics and drug distribution. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med.18(9), 1691–1699 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogl TJ, Naguib NN, Nour-Eldin NE et al. Review on transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma: palliative, combined, neoadjuvant, bridging, and symptomatic indications. Eur. J. Radiol. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.08.007 (2008) (Epub ahead of print).
   Google Scholar
• Johnson PJ, Kalayci C, Dobbs N et al. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of intraarterial adriamycin for hepatocellular carcinoma: effect of coadministration of lipiodol. J. Hepatol.13(1), 120–127 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llovet JM, Real MI, Montana X et al. Arterial embolisation or chemoembolisation versus symptomatic treatment in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet359(9319), 1734–1739 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo CM, Ngan H, Tso WK et al. Randomized controlled trial of transarterial lipiodol chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology35(5), 1164–1171 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serajuddin AT. Salt formation to improve drug solubility. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev.59(7), 603–616 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li X, Hirsh DJ, Cabral-Lilly D et al. Doxorubicin physical state in solution and inside liposomes loaded via a pH gradient. Biochim. Biophys. Acta1415(1), 23–40 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang EK, Brown CL Jr. Colorectal metastases to the liver: selective chemoembolization. Radiology189(2), 417–422 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanz-Altamira PM, Spence LD, Huberman MS et al. Selective chemoembolization in the management of hepatic metastases in refractory colorectal carcinoma: a Phase II trial. Dis. Colon Rectum40(7), 770–775 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stratmann SL. Hepatic artery chemotherapy in the management of colorectal metastases. Proc. (Bayl. Univ. Med. Cent.)15(4), 376–379 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eyol E, Boleij A, Taylor RR, Lewis AL, Berger MR. Chemoembolisation of rat colorectal liver metastases with drug eluting beads loaded with irinotecan or doxorubicin. Clin. Exp. Metastasis25(3), 273–282 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stambo GW, Berlet MH, Woeste T, van Epps K. DC Bead embolization of malignant neoplasms: a community single center series. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Endovascular Therapy 2009. Hollywood, FL, USA, 18–22 January 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Mihaylova Z, Raynov J. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and targeted therapy in patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer; medical oncologist’s point of view. J. BUON13(3), 323–331 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Tang Y, Taylor RR, Gonzalez MV, Lewis AL, Stratford PW. Evaluation of irinotecan drug-eluting beads: a new drug-device combination product for the chemoembolization of hepatic metastases. J. Control. Release116(2), E55–E56 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Small SA, Lewis AL, Antonijevic MD. Topotecan uptake and elution by drug eluting beads. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.57(Suppl. 1), Abstract24 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Graeven U, Arnold D, Reinacher-Schick A et al. A randomised Phase II study of irinotecan in combination with 5-FU/FA compared with irinotecan alone as second-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Onkologie30(4), 169–174 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Aliberti C, Tilli M, Benea G, Fiorentini G. Trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) of liver metastases from colorectal cancer using irinotecan-eluting beads: preliminary results. Anticancer Res.26(5B), 3793–3795 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiorentini G, Aliberti C, Turrisi G et al. Intraarterial hepatic chemoembolization of liver metastases from colorectal cancer adopting irinotecan-eluting beads: results of a Phase II clinical study. In Vivo21, 1085–1092 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin RC, Robbins K, Metzger T, O’Hara R, Bosnjakovic P, Tomalty D. Hepatic intra-arterial injection of irinotecan eluting beads in unresectable colorectal liver metastatic refractory to standard systemic chemotherapy: results of multi-institutional study. Proceedings of the Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium. San Franciso, CA, USA, 15–17 January 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Lee JY, Kim MJ, Moon CK, Chung JH. Degradation products of streptozotocin do not induce hyperglycemia in rats. Biochem. Pharmacol.46(11), 2111–2113 (1993).
   Google Scholar
• Shepherd GM. Hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapeutic drugs. Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol.24(3), 253–262 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Couvreur P, Lenaerts V, Leyh D, Guiot P, Roland M. Design of biodegradable polyalkilcyanoacrylate nanoparticles as a drug carrier. In: Microspheres and Drug Therapy. Davis SS, Illum L, McVie JG, Tomillson E (Eds). Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 103–105 (1984).
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez MV, Tang Y, Phillips GJ et al. Doxorubicin eluting beads – 2: methods for evaluating drug elution and in vitro: in vivo correlation. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med.19, 767–775 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang Y, Czuczman PR, Chung ST, Lewis AL. Preservation of the active lactone form of irinotecan using drug eluting beads for the treatment of colorectal cancer metastases. J. Control. Release127, 70–78 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerrits CJ, de Jonge MJ, Schellens JH, Stoter G, Verweij J. Topoisomerase I inhibitors: the relevance of prolonged exposure for present clinical development. Br. J. Cancer,76(7), 952–962 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohe Y, Sasaki Y, Shinkai T et al. Phase I study and pharmacokinetics of CPT-11 with 5-day continuous infusion. J. Natl Cancer Inst.84(12), 972–974 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis AL, Adams C, Busby W et al. Comparative in vitro evaluation of microspherical embolisation agents. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med.17(12), 1193–1204 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taniai N, Onda M, Tajiri T et al. Good embolization response for colorectal liver metastases with hypervascularity. Hepatogastroenterology49(48), 1531–1534 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Vallee JN, Guillevin R, Lo D, Adem C, Benois F, Chiras J. In vitro polyvinylformaldehyde particle compatibility with chemotherapeutic drugs used for chemoembolization therapy. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol.26(3), 277–282 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Vallee JN, Lo D, Guillevin R, Reb P, Adem C, Chiras J. In vitro study of the compatibility of tris-acryl gelatin microspheres with various chemotherapeutic agents. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol.14(5), 621–628 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong K, Khwaja A, Liapi E, Torbenson MS, Georgiades CS, Geschwind JF. New intra-arterial drug delivery system for the treatment of liver cancer: preclinical assessment in a rabbit model of liver cancer. Clin. Cancer Res.12(8), 2563–2567 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis AL, Taylor RR, Hall B, Gonzalez MV, Willis SL, Stratford PW. Pharmacokinetic and safety study of doxorubicin-eluting beads in a porcine model of hepatic arterial embolization. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol.17(8), 1335–1343 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor RR, Tang Y, Gonzalez MV, Stratford PW, Lewis AL. Irinotecan drug eluting beads for use in chemoembolization: in vitro and in vivo evaluation of drug release properties. Eur. J. Pharm Sci.30(1), 7–14 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varela M, Real MI, Burrel M et al. Chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma with drug eluting beads: efficacy and doxorubicin pharmacokinetics. J. Hepatol.46(3), 474–481 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poon RTP, Tso WK, Pang RWC et al. A Phase I/II trial of chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma using a novel intra-arterial drug-eluting bead. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.5(9), 1100–1108 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Namur J, Citron SJ, Dupuis M et al. Diffusion of doxorubicin from drug eluting beads and tissular changes after embolisation of hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol.20(2 Suppl.), S61 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hansmann HJ, Hallscheidt P, Aretz K, Kauffmann GW, Richter GM. [Renal tumor embolization]. Radiologe39(9), 783–789 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Kauffmann GW, Richter GM, Roeren TK. [Renal tumor embolization]. Radiologe32(3), 127–131 (1992).
   Google Scholar
• Hashizume I, Kasamatsu N, Katoh T et al. [Pulmonary tumor embolization]. Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu3, 647–650 (1994).
   Google Scholar
• Boruban S, Sancak T, Yildiz Y, Saglik Y. Embolization of benign and malignant bone and soft tissue tumors of the extremities. Diagn. Interv. Radiol.13(3), 164–171 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Layalle I, Flandroy P, Trotteur G, Dondelinger RF. Arterial embolization of bone metastases: is it worthwhile? J. Belge Radiol.81(5), 223–225 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Nemoto R, Mori H, Abe R et al. [Clinical study on chemo-embolization in malignant urogenital cancer. II. Intra-arterial injection of mitomycin C microcapsules in advanced prostatic cancer]. Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi74(3), 390–400 (1983).
   Google Scholar
• Adachi S, Ogasawara T, Tsubamoto H et al. Intravenous nedaplatin and intraarterial cisplatin with transcatheter arterial embolization for patients with locally advanced uterine cervical cancer. Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Res.21(3–4), 105–110 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Matsui Y, Kanoh H, Okudaira Y, Hashimoto T, Nakamura H. [Superselective transcatheter-arterial-chemo-embolization in uterine cervical cancer]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho16(8 Pt 2), 2801–2804 (1989).
   Google Scholar
• Kettenbach J, Stadler A, Katzler IV et al. Drug-loaded microspheres for the treatment of liver cancer: review of current results. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol.31(3), 468–476 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malagari K, Alexopoulou E, Chatzimichail K et al. Transcatheter chemoembolization in the treatment of HCC in patients not eligible for curative treatments: midterm results of doxorubicin-loaded DC bead. Abdom. Imaging33(5), 512–519 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Malagari K, Chatzimichael K, Alexopoulou E et al. Transarterial chemoembolization of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with drug eluting beads: results of an open-label study of 62 patients. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol.31, 269–280 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aliberti C, Benea G, Tilli M, Fiorentini G. Chemoembolization (TACE) of unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with slow-release doxorubicin-eluting beads: preliminary results. Cardiovasc. Intervent. Radiol.31(5), 883–888 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Baere T, Deschamps F, Teriitheau C et al. Transarterial chemoembolization of liver metastases from well differentiated gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumors with doxorubicin-eluting beads: preliminary results. J. Vasc. Interv. Radiol.19(6), 855–861 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lencioni R, Crocetti L, Petruzzi P et al. Doxorubicin-eluting bead-enhanced radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: a pilot clinical study. J. Hepatol.49(2), 217–222 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forster REJ, Bowyer C, Lewis AL, Macfarlane WM, Phillips GJ, Lloyd AW. Controlled delivery of doxorubicin and rapamycin from embolisation microspheres to treat hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.28(Suppl. 1), Abstract 24 (2008).
   Google Scholar