57
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Antiviral therapy: why does it fail in HCV-related chronic hepatitis?

&
Pages 535-543 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014

References

  • Poynard T, Bedossa P, Opolon P. Natural history of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The OBSVIRC, METAVIR, CLINIVIR, and DOSVIRC groups. Lancet349(9055), 825–832 (1997).
  • Tong MJ, el-Farra NS, Reikes AR, Co RL. Clinical outcomes after transfusion-associated hepatitis C. N. Engl. J. Med.332(22), 1463–1466 (1995).
  • Manns MP, McHutchinson JG, Gordon SC et al. Peg-interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomized trial. Lancet358, 958–965 (2001).
  • Hadziyannis SJ, Sette H Jr, Morgan TR et al. Peginterferon-α2a and ribavirin combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C: a randomized study of treatment duration and ribavirin dose. Ann. Intern. Med.140, 346–355 (2004).
  • Fried MW, Shiffman ML, Reddy KR et al. Peginterferon alfa2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection. N. Engl. J. Med.347, 975–982 (2002).
  • Veldt BJ, Heathcote EJ, Wedemeyer H et al. Sustained virological response and clinical outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis C and advanced fibrosis. Ann. Intern. Med.147, 677–684 (2007).
  • National Institute of Health Consensus Conference panel statement: management of Hepatitis C. Hepatology26(Suppl. 1), 2S–10S (1997).
  • Manns M, Lindsay KL, Gordon SC et al. Sustained virological response after peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin treatment predicts long term clearance of HCV at 5-year follow-up. J. Hepatol.48, S300 (2008).
  • Ohba K, Mizokami M, LauJYN et al. Evolutionary relationship of Hepatitis C, pesti-, flavi-, plantiviruses and newly discovered GB hepatitis agents. FEBS Lett.232–234 (1996).
  • Bukh J, Miller RH, Purcell RH. Biology and genetic heterogeneity of Hepatitis C virus. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol.13(Suppl. 13), S3–S7 (1995).
  • Simmonds P, Bukh J, Combet C et al. Consensus proposal for a unified system of nomenclature of hepatitis C virus genotypes. Hepatology42, 962–973 (2005).
  • Simmonds P. Genetic diversity and evolution of hepatitis C virus – 15 years on. J. Gen. Virol.85, 3173–3188 (2004).
  • Legrand-Abravanel F, Colson P, Leguillou-Guillemette H et al. Influence of the HCV subtype on the virological response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy. J. Med. Virol.81(12), 2029–2035 (2009).
  • Ghany MG, Strader DB, Thomas DL, Seeff LB. Diagnosis, management, and treatment of hepatitis C: an update. Hepatology49(4), 1335–1374 (2009).
  • Mangia A, Santoro R, Minerva N et al. Peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin for 12 vs. 24 weeks in HCV genotype 2 or 3. N. Eng. J. Med.325(25), 2609–2617 (2005).
  • Dalgard O, Bjøro K, Hellum KB et al. Treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavarin in HCV infection with genotype 2 or 3 for 14 weeks: a pilot study. Hepatology40(6), 1260–1265 (2004).
  • Von Wagner M, Huber M, Berg T et al. Peginterferon-α-2a (40KD) and ribavirin for 16 or 24 weeks in patients with genotype 2 or 3 chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology129(2), 522–527 (2005).
  • Shiffman ML, Suter F, Bacon BR et al. Peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for 16 or 24 weeks in HCV genotype 2 or 3. N. Engl. J. Med.357(2), 124–134 (2007).
  • Ray SC, Arthur RR, Carella A, Bukh J, Thomas DL. Genetic epidemiology of hepatitis C virus throughout Egypt. J. Infect. Dis.182, 698–707 (2000).
  • Hasan F, Asker H, Al-Khaldi J et al. Peg-Interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 4. Am. J. Gastroenterol.99, 1733–1737 (2004).
  • Kamal SM, El Tawil AA, Nakano T et al. Peginterferon (α)-2b and ribavirin therapy in chronic hepatitis C genotype 4: impact of treatment duration and viral kinetics on sustained virological response. Gut54, 858–866 (2005).
  • Antaki N, Craxi A, Kamal S et al. The neglected hepatitis C virus genotypes 4, 5 and 6: an international consensus report. Liver Int.30(3), 342–355 (2010).
  • Antaki N, Hermes A, Hadad M et al. Efficacy of interferon plus ribavirin in the treatment of hepatitis C virus genotype 5. J. Viral. Hepat.15, 383–386 (2008).
  • Bonny C, Fontaine H, Poynard T et al. Effectiveness of interferon plus ribavirin combination in the treatment of naive patients with hepatitis C virus type 5. A French multicentre retrospective study. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.24, 593–600 (2006).
  • Nguyen MH, Trinh HN, Garcia R et al. Higher rate of sustained virologic response in chronic hepatitis C genotype 6 treated with 48 weeks versus 24 weeks of peginterferon plus ribavirin. Am. J. Gastroenterol.103, 1131–1135 (2008).
  • Li F, Ng TL, Tai LF et al. High response rate of combination therapy of pegylated interferon and ribavirin in treating chronic hepatitis C with genotype 6A in Hong Kong Chinese. Hepatol. Int.3, 164 (2009).
  • Aurora R, Donlin MJ, Cannon NA et al. Genome-wide hepatitis C virus amino acid covariance networks can predict response to antiviral therapy in humans. J. Clin. Invest.119, 225–236 (2009).
  • Zeuzem S, Lee JH, Roth WK. Mutations in the nonstructural 5A gene of European hepatitis C virus isolates and response to interferon alfa. Hepatology25, 740–744 (1997).
  • Enomoto N, Sakuma I, Asahina Y et al. Mutations in the nonstructural protein 5A gene and response to interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus 1b infection. N. Engl. J. Med.334, 77–81 (1996).
  • Donlin MJ, Cannon NA, Aurora R et al. Contribution of genome-wide HCV genetic differences to outcome of interferon-based therapy in Caucasian American and African American patients. PLoS ONE5(2), e9032 (2010).
  • Donlin MJ, Cannon NA, Yao E et al. Pretreatment sequence diversity differences in the full-length hepatitis C virus open reading frame correlate with early response to therapy. J. Virol.81(15), 8211–8224 (2007).
  • Gale M, Foy EM. Evasion of intracellular host defence by hepatitis C virus. Nature436, 939–945 (2005).
  • Jensen DM, Morgan TR, Marcellin P et al. Early identification of HCV genotype 1 patients responding to 24 weeks Peg-interferon α-2a (40 kd)/ribavirin therapy. Hepatology43, 954–960 (2006).
  • Berg T, Sarrazin C, Herrmann E et al. Prediction of treatment outcome in patients with chronic hepatitis C: significance of baseline parameters and viral dynamics during therapy. Hepatology37, 600–609 (2003).
  • Bárcena R, Moreno A, del Campo S et al. The magnitude of week 4 HCV RNA decay on pegylated interferon/ribavirin accurately predicts virological failure in patients with genotype 1. Antivir. Ther.12(3), 401–406 (2007).
  • Martinot-Peignoux M, Maylin S, Moucari R et al. Virological response at 4 weeks to predict outcome of hepatitis C treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Antivir. Ther.14, 501–511 (2009).
  • Maylin S, Martinot-Peignoux M, Ripault MP et al. Sustained virological response is associated with clearance of hepatitis C virus RNA and a decrease in hepatitis C virus antibody. Liver Int.29, 511–517 (2009).
  • McHutchison JG, Lawitz EJ, Shiffman ML et al. Peginterferon alfa-2b or alfa-2a with ribavirin for treatment of hepatitis C infection. N. Engl. J. Med.361, 580–593 (2009).
  • McHutchison J, Sulkowski M. Scientific rationale and study design of the individualized dosing efficacy versus flat dosing to assess optimal pegylated interferon therapy (IDEAL) trial: determining optimal dosing in patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C. J. Viral Hepat.15(7), 475–481 (2008).
  • Mangia A, Minerva N, Bacca D et al. Individualized treatment duration for hepatitis C genotype 1 patients: a randomized controlled trial. Hepatology47(1), 43–50 (2008).
  • Escudero A, Rodriguez F, Serra MA et al. Pegylated α interferon-2a plus ribavirin compared with pegylated α-interferon-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus: prospective, non-randomized study. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.23(6), 861–866 (2008).
  • Foster GR. Pegylated interferons for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: pharmacological and clinical differences between peginterferon-[α]-2a and peginterferon-[α]-2b. Drugs70(2), 147–165 (2010).
  • Rumi MG, Aghemo A, Prati GM et al. Randomized study of peginterferon-α2a plus ribavirin vs peginterferon-α2b plus ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology138(1), 108–115 (2010).
  • Ascione A, De Luca M, Tartaglione MT et al. Peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin is more effective than peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for treating chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Gastroenterology138(1), 116–122 (2010).
  • Awad T, Thorlund K, Hauser G, Stimac D, Mabrouk M, Gluud C. Peginterferon α-2a is associated with higher sustained virological response than peginterferon alfa-2b in chronic hepatitis C: systematic review of randomized trials. Hepatology51(4), 1176–1184 (2010).
  • Brok J, Gluud LL, Gluud C. Meta-analysis: ribavirin plus interferon vs. interferon monotherapy for chronic hepatitic C – an updated Cochrane review. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.32(7), 840–850 (2010).
  • McHutchinson JG, Manns M, Patel K et al. Adherence to combination therapy enhances sustained response in genotype 1 infected patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology23, 1061–1069 (2010).
  • Reddy KR, Shiffman ML, Morgan TR et al. Impact of ribavirin dose reductions in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 completing peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin treatment. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.5, 124–129 (2007).
  • McHutchison JG, Everson GT, Gordon SC et al. Telaprevir with peginterferon and ribavirin for chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. N. Engl. J. Med.360, 1827–1838 (2009).
  • Hezode C, Forestier N, Dusheiko G et al. Telaprevir and peginterferon with or without ribavirin for chronic HCV infection. N. Engl. J. Med.360, 1839–1850 (2009).
  • Kwo PY, Lawitz EJ, McCone J et al. Efficacy of boceprevir, an NS3 protease inhibitor, in combination with peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C infection (SPRINT-1): an open-label, randomised, multicentre Phase 2 trial. Lancet376(9742), 705–716 (2010).
  • Zeuzem S, Nelson DR, Marcellin P. Dynamic evolution of therapy for chronic hepatitis C: how will novel agents be incorporated into the standard of care? Antivir. Ther.13(6), 747–760 (2008).
  • McHutchison JG, Manns MP, Muir AJ et al. Telaprevir for previously treated chronic HCV infection. N. Engl. J. Med.362, 1292–1303 (2010).
  • Floreani A, Minola E, Carderi I et al. Are elderly patients poor candidates for pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C? J. Am. Geriatr. Soc.54, 549–550 (2006).
  • Antonucci G, Longo MA, Angeletti C et al. The effect of age on response to therapy with peginterferon α plus ribavirin in a cohort of patients with chronic HCV hepatitis including subjects older than 65 year. Am. J. Gastroenterol.102, 1383–1391 (2007).
  • Huang CF, Yang JF, Dai CY et al. Efficacy and safety of pegylated interferon combined with ribavirin for the treatment of older patients with chronic hepatitis C. J. Infect. Dis.201, 705–709 (2010).
  • Nudo CG, Wong P, Hilzenrat N, Deschênes M. Elderly patients are at greater risk of cytopenia during antiviral therapy for hepatitis C. Can. J. Gastroenterol.20, 589–592 (2006).
  • Giannini EG, Basso M, Savarino V, Picciotto A. Predictive factors for response to peginterferon-α and ribavirin treatment of chronic HCV infection in patients aged 65 years and more. Dig. Dis. Sci.55(11), 3193–3199 (2010).
  • Di Marco V, Almasio PL, Ferraro D et al. Peg-interferon alone or combined with ribavirin in HCV cirrhosis with portal hypertension: a randomized controlled trial. J. Hepatol.47, 484–491 (2007).
  • Melero J, Berenguer M. Antiviral therapy in patients with HCV-cirrhosis. Ann. Hepatol.8(4), 292–297 (2009).
  • Heathcote EJ, Shiffman ML et al. Peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis. N. Engl. J. Med.343, 1673–1680 (2000).
  • Iacobellis A, Siciliano M, Perri F et al. Peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin in patients with hepatitis C virus and decompensated cirrhosis: a controlled study. J. Hepatol.46, 206–212 (2007).
  • Zeuzem S. Heterogeneous virologic response rates to interferon-based therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C: who respond less well? Ann. Intern. Med.140(5), 370–371 (2004).
  • Muir AJ, Bornstein JD, Killenberg PG. Peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in blacks and non-Hispanic whites. N. Engl. J. Med.350, 2265–2271 (2004).
  • Ge D, Fellay J, Thompson AJ et al. Genetic variation in IL28B predicts hepatitis C treatment-induced viral clearance. Nature461, 399–401 (2009).
  • Abu Mouch S, Fireman Z, Jarchovsky J et al. Vitamin D supplement improves SVR in chronic hepatitis C (Genotype 1) naive patients treated with Peg-interferon and ribavirin. J. Viral. Hepat.52(S1), S26 Abstract 55 (2010).
  • Persico M, Iolascon A. Steatosis as a co-factor in chronic liver diseases. World. J. Gastroenterol.16(10), 1171–1176 (2010).
  • Ortiz V, Berenguer M, Rayon JM et al. Contribution of obesity to hepatitis C-related fibrosis progression. Am. J. Gastroenterol.97, 2408–2414 (2002).
  • Loguercio C, Federico A, Masarone M et al. The impact of diet on liver fibrosis and on response to interferon therapy in patients with HCV-related chronic hepatitis. Am. J. Gastroenterol.103(12), 3159–3166 (2008).
  • Alberti A. What are the comorbidities influencing the management of patients and the response to therapy in chronic hepatitis C? Liver Int.29, 15–18 (2009).
  • Sheikh MY, Choi J, Qadri I et al. Hepatitis C virus infection: molecular pathways to metabolic syndrome. Hepatology47(6), 2127–2133 (2008).
  • Kawaguchi T, Yoshida T, Harada M et al. Hepatitis C virus down-regulates insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 through up-regulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3. Am. J. Pathol.165(5), 1499–1508 (2004).
  • Huang Y, Feld JJ, Sapp RK et al. Defective hepatic response to interferon and activation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 in chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology132(2), 733–744 (2007).
  • Persico M, Capasso M, Persico E et al. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression and hepatitis C virus-related chronic hepatitis: insulin resistance and response to antiviral therapy. Hepatology46(4), 1009–1015 (2007).
  • Persico M, Capasso M, Russo R et al. Elevated expression and polymorphisms of SOCS3 influence patient response to antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C. Gut57(4), 507–515 (2008).
  • Romero-Gòmez M, Diago M, Andrade RJ et al. Treatment of insulin resistance with metformin in naive genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C patients receiving peginterferon Alfa-2a plus ribavirin. Hepatology50(6), 1702–1708 (2009).
  • Lin E, Hwang Y, Wang SC et al. An artificial neural network approach to the drug efficacy of interferon treatments. Pharmacogenomics7, 1017–1024 (2006).
  • Huang Y, Yang H, Borg BB et al. A functional SNP of interferon-gamma gene is important for interferon-α induced and spontaneous recovery from hepatitis C virus infection. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA104, 985–990 (2007).
  • Suppiah V, Moldovan M, Ahlenstiel G et al. IL28B is associated with response to chronic hepatitis C interferon α and ribavirin therapy. Nat. Genet.41, 1100–1104 (2009).
  • Tanaka Y, Nishida N, Sugiyama M et al. Genome-wide association of IL28B with response to pegylated interferon α and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Nat. Genet.41, 1105–1119 (2009).
  • Rauch A, Kutalik Z, Descombes P et al. Genetic variation in IL28B is associated with chronic hepatitis C and treatment failure – a genome-wide association study. Gastroenterology138, 1338–1345 (2010).
  • Sheppard P, Kindsvogel W, Xu W et al. IL-28, IL-29 and their class II cytokine receptor IL-28R. Nat. Immunol.4, 63–68 (2003).
  • Marcello T, Grakoui A, Barba-Spaeth G et al. Interferons α and lambda inhibit hepatitis C virus replication with distinct signal transduction and gene regulation kinetics. Gastroenterology131, 1887–1898 (2006).
  • Mangia A, Thompson AJ, Santoro R et al. An IL28B polymorphism determines treatment response of hepatitis C virus genotype 2 or 3 patients who do not achieve a rapid virologic response. Gastroenterology139(3), 821–827 (2010).
  • Chen L, Borozan I, Feld J et al. Hepatic gene expression discriminates responders and nonresponders in treatment of chronic hepatitis C viral infection. Gastroenterology128, 1437–1444 (2005).
  • Paradis V, Asselah T, Dargere D et al. Serum proteome to predict virologic response in patients with hepatitis C treated by pegylated interferon plus ribavirin. Gastroenterology130, 2189–2197 (2006).
  • Jopling CL, Yi M, Lancaster AM et al. Modulation of hepatitis C virus RNA abundance by a liver-specific micro-RNA. Science309, 1577–1581 (2005).
  • Pedersen IM, Cheng G, Wieland S et al. Interferon modulation of cellular microRNAs as an antiviral mechanism. Nature449, 919–922 (2007).
  • Lanford RE, Hildebrandt-Eriksen ES, Petri A et al. Therapeutic silencing of microRNA-122 in primates with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Science327, 198–201 (2010).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.