Staphylococcus lugdunensis: the coagulase-negative staphylococcus you don’t want to ignore

References

• Pfaller MA, Jones RN, Doern GV, Sader HS, Kugler KC, Beach ML. Survey of blood stream infections attributable to Gram-positive cocci: frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates collected in 1997 in the United States, Canada, and Latin America from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. SENTRY Participants Group. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.33(4), 283–297 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarlov JO, Hojbjerg T, Busch-Sorensen C et al. Coagulase-negative staphylococci in Danish blood cultures: species distribution and antibiotic susceptibility. J. Hosp. Infect.32(3), 217–227 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin JH, Jung HJ, Lee HR, Kim JH, Kim HR, Lee JN. Prevalence, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus lugdunensis from various clinical specimens in Korea. Jpn J. Infect. Dis.60(5), 312–313 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Choi SH, Chung JW, Lee EJ et al. Incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of Staphylococcus lugdunensis bacteremia. J. Clin. Microbiol.48(9), 3346–3349 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kawamura Y, Hou XG, Sultana F et al. Distribution of Staphylococcus species among human clinical specimens and emended description of Staphylococcus caprae. J. Clin. Microbiol.36(7), 2038–2042 (1998).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Paulis AN, Predari SC, Chazarreta CD, Santoianni JE. Five-test simple scheme for species-level identification of clinically significant coagulase-negative staphylococci. J. Clin. Microbiol.41(3), 1219–1224 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kleeman KT, Bannerman TL, Kloos WE. Species distribution of coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates at a community hospital and implications for selection of staphylococcal identification procedures. J. Clin. Microbiol.31(5), 1318–1321 (1993).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kleiner E, Monk AB, Archer GL, Forbes BA. Clinical significance of Staphylococcus lugdunensis isolated from routine cultures. Clin. Infect. Dis.51(7), 801–803 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herchline TE, Ayers LW. Occurrence of Staphylococcus lugdunensis in consecutive clinical cultures and relationship of isolation to infection. J. Clin. Microbiol.29(3), 419–421 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bieber L, Kahlmeter G. Staphylococcus lugdunensis in several niches of the normal skin flora. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.16(4), 385–388 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freney J. Staphylococcus lugdunensis sp. nov. and Staphylococcus schleiferi sp. nov., two species from human clinical specimens. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.38(2), 168–172 (1988).
   Google Scholar
• Pirila L, Soderstrom KO, Hietarinta M, Jalava J, Kyto V, Toivanen A. Fatal myocardial necrosis caused by Staphylococcus lugdunensis and cytomegalovirus in a patient with scleroderma. J. Clin. Microbiol.44(6), 2295–2297 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bhanot N, Sahud AG, Bhat S, Lane S, Manyam H, Chan-Tompkins NH. Fever of unknown origin: a case of cardiac myxoma infected with Staphylococcus lugdunensis. South. Med. J.103(7), 697–700 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patil R, Patil T, Hussain KM. Staphylococcus lugdunensis native tricuspid valve endocarditis: a case report and review of literature. J. Gen. Intern. Med. DOI: 10.1007/s11606-011-1718-5 (2011) (Epub ahead of print).
   Google Scholar
• Longauerova A. Coagulase negative staphylococci and their participation in pathogenesis of human infections. Bratisl. Lek. Listy107(11–12), 448–452 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu PY, Huang YF, Tang CW et al.Staphylococcus lugdunensis infective endocarditis: a literature review and analysis of risk factors. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect.43(6), 478–484 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Hoovels L, De Munter P, Colaert J et al. Three cases of destructive native valve endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.24(2), 149–152 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Hondt G, Ieven M, Vandermersch C, Colaert J. Destructive endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Case report and review of the literature. Acta. Clin. Belg.52(1), 27–30 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koh TW, Brecker SJ, Layton CA. Successful treatment of Staphylococcus lugdunensis endocarditis complicated by multiple emboli: a case report and review of the literature. Int. J. Cardiol.55(2), 193–197 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anguera I, Del Rio A, Miro JM et al.Staphylococcus lugdunensis infective endocarditis: description of 10 cases and analysis of native valve, prosthetic valve, and pacemaker lead endocarditis clinical profiles. Heart91(2), e10 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baddour LM, Bettmann MA, Bolger AF et al. Nonvalvular cardiovascular device-related infections. Clin. Infect. Dis.38(8), 1128–1130 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kamaraju S, Nelson K, Williams DN, Ayenew W, Modi KS. Staphylococcus lugdunensis pulmonary valve endocarditis in a patient on chronic hemodialysis. Am. J. Nephrol.19(5), 605–608 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Matthews PC, Missouris CG, Jordaan J, Lessing MP. Staphylococcus lugdunensis endocarditis following cardiac catheterisation. Int. J. Cardiol.130(1), 87–88 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Polenakovik H, Herchline T, Bacheller C, Bernstein J. Staphylococcus lugdunensis endocarditis after angiography. Mayo Clin. Proc.75(6), 656–657 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fervenza FC, Contreras GE, Garratt KN, Steckelberg JM. Staphylococcus lugdunensis endocarditis: a complication of vasectomy? Mayo Clin. Proc.74(12), 1227–1230 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel R, Piper KE, Rouse MS, Uhl JR, Cockerill FR 3rd, Steckelberg JM. Frequency of isolation of Staphylococcus lugdunensis among staphylococcal isolates causing endocarditis: a 20-year experience. J. Clin. Microbiol.38(11), 4262–4263 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kragsbjerg P, Bomfim-Loogna J, Tornqvist E, Soderquist B. Development of antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus lugdunensis during treatment-report of a case of bacterial arthritis, vertebral osteomyelitis and infective endocarditis. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.6(9), 496–499 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karchmer AW, Longworth DL. Infections of intracardiac devices. Cardiol. Clin.21(2), 253–271, vii (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greig JM, Wood MJ. Staphylococcus lugdunensis vertebral osteomyelitis. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.9(11), 1139–1141 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cooke RP, James SE, Sallomi DF. Infective discitis due to Staphylococcus lugdunensis – a case of missed opportunity. Br. J. Biomed. Sci.60(3), 162–164 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guttmann G, Garazi S, Van Linthoudt D. Spondylodiscitis due to Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol.18(2), 271–272 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murdoch DR, Everts RJ, Chambers ST, Cowan IA. Vertebral osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus lugdunensis. J. Clin. Microbiol.34(4), 993–994 (1996).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thomas S, Hoy C, Capper R. Osteomyelitis of the ear canal caused by Staphylococcus lugdunensis. J. Infect.53(5), e227–e229 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Mei-Dan O, Mann G, Steinbacher G, Ballester SJ, Cugat RB, Alvarez PD. Septic arthritis with Staphylococcus lugdunensis following arthroscopic ACL revision with BPTB allograft. Knee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthrosc.16(1), 15–18 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sampathkumar P, Osmon DR, Cockerill FR 3rd. Prosthetic joint infection due to Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Mayo. Clin. Proc.75(5), 511–512 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weightman NC, Allerton KE, France J. Bone and prosthetic joint infection with Staphylococcus lugdunensis. J. Infect.40(1), 98–99 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zinkernagel AS, Zinkernagel MS, Elzi MV et al. Significance of Staphylococcus lugdunensis bacteremia: report of 28 cases and review of the literature. Infection36(4), 314–321 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woznowski M, Quack I, Bolke E et al. Fulminant Staphylococcus lugdunensis septicaemia following a pelvic varicella-zoster virus infection in an immune-deficient patient: a case report. Eur. J. Med. Res.15(9), 410–414 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Castro JG, Dowdy L. Septic shock caused by Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Clin. Infect. Dis.28(3), 681–682 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pareja J, Gupta K, Koziel H. The toxic shock syndrome and Staphylococcus lugdunensis bacteremia. Ann. Intern. Med.128(7), 603–604 (1998).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fadel HJ, Patel R, Vetter EA, Baddour LM. Clinical significance of a single Staphylococcus lugdunensis-positive blood culture. J. Clin. Microbiol.49(4), 1697–1699 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tan TY, Ng SY, Ng WX. Clinical significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci recovered from nonsterile sites. J. Clin. Microbiol.44(9), 3413–3414 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arias M, Tena D, Apellaniz M et al. Skin and soft tissue infections caused by Staphylococcus lugdunensis: report of 20 cases. Scand. J. Infect. Dis42(11–12), 879–884 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellamy R, Barkham T. Staphylococcus lugdunensis infection sites: predominance of abscesses in the pelvic girdle region. Clin. Infect. Dis.35(3), E32–E34 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Bocher S, Tonning B, Skov RL, Prag J. Staphylococcus lugdunensis, a common cause of skin and soft tissue infections in the community. J. Clin. Microbiol.47(4), 946–950 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asnis DS, St John S, Tickoo R, Arora A. Staphylococcus lugdunensis breast abscess: is it real? Clin. Infect. Dis.36(10), 1348 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lina B, Vandenesch F, Reverdy ME, Greenland T, Fleurette J, Etienne J. Non-puerperal breast infections due to Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.13(8), 686–687 (1994).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Matthews PC, Lazarus R, Protheroe A, Milford C, Bowler IC. Acute necrotizing sinusitis caused by Staphylococcus lugdunensis. J. Clin. Microbiol.49(7), 2740–2742 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shaaban HS, Choo HF, Sensakovic JW. A case of Staphylococcus lugdunensis related pyomyoma occurring after cesarean section. J. Glob. Infect. Dis.3(1), 101–102 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bello C, Eskandar M, El GR, Sobande A, Nour H, Shafiq H. Staphylococcus lugdunensis endometritis: a case report. West Afr. J. Med.26(3), 243–245 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tamdy A, El Louali F, Ounzar M et al. Multiple mycotic aneurysms reveal Staphylococcus lugdunensis endocarditis in a young patient. Heart Lung40(4), 352–357 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spanu T, Rigante D, Tamburrini G et al. Ventriculitis due to Staphylococcus lugdunensis: two case reports. J. Med. Case Reports2, 267 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elliott SP, Yogev R, Shulman ST. Staphylococcus lugdunensis: an emerging cause of ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections. Pediatr. Neurosurg.35(3), 128–130 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandoe JA, Longshaw CM. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection caused by Staphylococcus lugdunensis. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.7(7), 385–387 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fleurette J, Bes M, Brun Y et al. Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus lugdunensis and S. schleiferi: bacteriological characteristics and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Res. Microbiol.140(2), 107–118 (1989).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludlam H, Phillips I. Staphylococcus lugdunensis peritonitis. Lancet2(8676), 1394 (1989).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bannerman TL, Rhoden DL, Mcallister SK, Miller JM, Wilson LA. The source of coagulase-negative staphylococci in the Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study. A comparison of eyelid and intraocular isolates using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Arch. Ophthalmol.115(3), 357–361 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chiquet C, Pechinot A, Creuzot-Garcher C et al. Acute postoperative endophthalmitis caused by Staphylococcus lugdunensis. J. Clin. Microbiol.45(6), 1673–1678 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Giese B, Glowinski F, Paprotka K et al. Expression of δ-toxin by Staphylococcus aureus mediates escape from phago-endosomes of human epithelial and endothelial cells in the presence of β-toxin. Cell Microbiol.13(2), 316–329 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bera A, Biswas R, Herbert S, Gotz F. The presence of peptidoglycan O-acetyltransferase in various staphylococcal species correlates with lysozyme resistance and pathogenicity. Infect. Immun.74(8), 4598–4604 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulsson M, Petersson AC, Ljungh A. Serum and tissue protein binding and cell surface properties of Staphylococcus lugdunensis. J. Med. Microbiol.38(2), 96–102 (1993).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang YQ, Ren SX, Li HL et al. Genome-based analysis of virulence genes in a non-biofilm-forming Staphylococcus epidermidis strain (ATCC 12228). Mol. Microbiol.49(6), 1577–1593 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Eiff C, Peters G, Heilmann C. Pathogenesis of infections due to coagulase-negative staphylococci. Lancet Infect. Dis.2(11), 677–685 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stout RD, Ferguson KP, Li YN, Lambe DW Jr. Staphylococcal exopolysaccharides inhibit lymphocyte proliferative responses by activation of monocyte prostaglandin production. Infect. Immun.60(3), 922–927 (1992).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grant CE, Sewell DL, Pfaller M, Bumgardner RV, Williams JA. Evaluation of two commercial systems for identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci to species level. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis18(1), 1–5 (1994).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kloos WE, George CG. Identification of Staphylococcus species and subspecies with the MicroScan Pos ID and Rapid Pos ID panel systems. J. Clin. Microbiol.29(4), 738–744 (1991).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mateo M, Maestre JR, Aguilar L et al. Genotypic versus phenotypic characterization, with respect to susceptibility and identification, of 17 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus lugdunensis. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.56(2), 287–291 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carroll KC, Weinstein MP. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. ASM Press, Washington DC, USA (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Leung MJ, Nuttall N, Pryce TM, Coombs GW, Pearman JW. Colony variation in Staphylococcus lugdunensis. J. Clin. Microbiol.36(10), 3096–3098 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fadel HJ, Patel R, Vetter EA, Baddour LM. The clinical significance of a single positive blood culture for Staphylococcus lugdunensis. J. Clin. Microbiol.49(4), 1697–1699 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pinsky BA, Samson D, Ghafghaichi L, Baron EJ, Banaei N. Comparison of real-time PCR and conventional biochemical methods for identification of Staphylococcus lugdunensis. J. Clin. Microbiol.47(11), 3472–3477 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arciola CR, Campoccia D, An YH et al. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of 15 minor staphylococcal species colonizing orthopedic implants. Int. J. Artif. Organs29(4), 395–401 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vandenesch F, Etienne J, Reverdy ME, Eykyn SJ. Endocarditis due to Staphylococcus lugdunensis: report of 11 cases and review. Clin. Infect. Dis.17(5), 871–876 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higaki S, Kitagawa T, Morohashi M, Yamagishi T. Distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of coagulase-negative staphylococci from skin lesions. J. Int. Med. Res.27(4), 191–195 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldstein EJ, Citron DM, Merriam CV, Warren YA, Tyrrell KL, Fernandez HT. In vitro activity of ceftobiprole against aerobic and anaerobic strains isolated from diabetic foot infections. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.50(11), 3959–3962 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods W, Ramotar K, Lem P, Toye B. Oxacillin susceptibility testing of coagulase-negative staphylococci using the disk diffusion method and the Vitek GPS-105 card( small star, filled). Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis42(4), 291–294 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Der Mee-Marquet N, Achard A, Mereghetti L, Danton A, Minier M, Quentin R. Staphylococcus lugdunensis infections: high frequency of inguinal area carriage. J. Clin. Microbiol.41(4), 1404–1409 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellbacher C, Tornqvist E, Soderquist B. Staphylococcus lugdunensis: clinical spectrum, antibiotic susceptibility, and phenotypic and genotypic patterns of 39 isolates. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.12(1), 43–49 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frank KL, Reichert EJ, Piper KE, Patel R. In vitro effects of antimicrobial agents on planktonic and biofilm forms of Staphylococcus lugdunensis clinical isolates. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.51(3), 888–895 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tee W. Staphylococcus lugdunensis carrying the mecA gene causes catheter-associated bloodstream infection in premature neonate. J. Clin. Microbiol.41(1), 519–520 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker K, Pagnier I, Schuhen B et al. Does nasal cocolonization by methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains occur frequently enough to represent a risk of false-positive methicillin-resistant S. aureus determinations by molecular methods? J. Clin. Microbiol.44(1), 229–231 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira EM, Schuenck RP, Nouer SA, Santos KR. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus lugdunensis carrying SCCmec type V misidentified as MRSA. Braz. J. Infect. Dis.15(3), 293–295 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kawaguchi E, Minamide W, Mori H, Igimi H. [The taxonomic distribution, characteristic and susceptibility against antimicrobial agents of methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated from blood]. Kansenshogaku Zasshi70(11), 1147–1153 (1996).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu AB, Wang MC, Tseng CC et al. Clinical and microbiological characteristics of community-acquired Staphylococcus lugdunensis infections in Southern Taiwan. J. Clin. Microbiol.49(8), 3015–3018 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kotsakis SD, Tzouvelekis LS, Zerva L, Liakopoulos A, Petinaki E. Staphylococcus lugdunensis strain with a modified PBP1A/1B expressing resistance to β-lactams. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1289-8 (2011) (Epub ahead of print).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wilson W, Taubert KA, Gewitz M et al. Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association: a guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation116(15), 1736–1754 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendes RE, Sader HS, Jones RN. Activity of telavancin and comparator antimicrobial agents tested against Staphylococcus spp. isolated from hospitalised patients in Europe (2007–2008). Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents36(4), 374–379 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merino P, Arribi A, Gestoso I, Picazo J, Gimeno L, Del Potro E. Linezolid treatment of a prosthetic joint infection with Staphylococcus lugdunensis in a patient with multiple myeloma. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents35(2), 203–204 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS et al. Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Circulation111(23), e394–e434 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar