References
- Vincent JL, Sakr Y, Sprung CL et al. Sepsis in European intensive care units: results of the SOAP study. Crit. Care Med.34, 344–353 (2006).
- Vincent JL, Rello J, Marshall J et al. International study of the prevalence and outcomes of infection in intensive care units. JAMA302, 2323–2329 (2009).
- Dellinger RP, Abraham E, Bernard G, Marshall JC, Vincent JL. Controversies in sepsis clinical trials: proceedings of a meeting of the International Sepsis Forum, Lausanne, Switzerland, September 29, 2001. J. Crit. Care21, 38–47 (2006).
- Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Carlet JM et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2008. Crit. Care Med.36, 296–327 (2008).
- Rivers E, Nguyen B, Havstad S et al. Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N. Engl. J. Med.345, 1368–1377 (2001).
- Kumar A, Zarychanski R, Light B et al. Early combination antibiotic therapy yields improved survival compared with monotherapy in septic shock: a propensity-matched analysis. Crit. Care Med.38, 1773–1785 (2010).
- Masterton RG. Antibiotic de-escalation. Crit. Care Clin.27, 149–162 (2011).
- Nobre V, Harbarth S, Graf JD, Rohner P, Pugin J. Use of procalcitonin to shorten antibiotic treatment duration in septic patients: a randomized trial. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.177, 498–505 (2008).
- Bouadma L, Luyt CE, Tubach F et al. Use of procalcitonin to reduce patients’ exposure to antibiotics in intensive care units (PRORATA trial): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet375, 463–474 (2010).
- Weil MH, Shubin H. The “VIP” approach to the bedside management of shock. JAMA207, 337–340 (1969).
- Briel M, Meade M, Mercat A et al. Higher vs lower positive end-expiratory pressure in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA303, 865–873 (2010).
- van der Heijden M, Verheij J, Nieuw Amerongen GP, Groeneveld AB. Crystalloid or colloid fluid loading and pulmonary permeability, edema, and injury in septic and nonseptic critically ill patients with hypovolemia. Crit. Care Med.37, 1275–1281 (2009).
- Finfer S, Bellomo R, Boyce N, French J, Myburgh J, Norton R. A comparison of albumin and saline for fluid resuscitation in the intensive care unit. N. Engl. J. Med.350, 2247–2256 (2004).
- Finfer S, Bellomo R, McEvoy S et al. Effect of baseline serum albumin concentration on outcome of resuscitation with albumin or saline in patients in intensive care units: analysis of data from the saline versus albumin fluid evaluation (SAFE) study. BMJ333, 1044 (2006).
- Brunkhorst FM, Engel C, Bloos F et al. Intensive insulin therapy and pentastarch resuscitation in severe sepsis. N. Engl. J. Med.358, 125–139 (2008).
- Wiedermann CJ. Systematic review of randomized clinical trials on the use of hydroxyethyl starch for fluid management in sepsis. BMC. Emerg. Med.8, 1 (2008).
- Dart AB, Mutter TC, Ruth CA, Taback SP. Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) versus other fluid therapies: effects on kidney function. Cochrane. Database Syst. Rev.CD007594 (2010).
- Zarychanski R, Turgeon AF, Fergusson DA et al. Renal outcomes and mortality following hydroxyethyl starch resuscitation of critically ill patients: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Open Medicine3, E196–E209 (2009).
- Magder S. Fluid status and fluid responsiveness. Curr. Opin. Crit. Care16, 289–296 (2010).
- De Backer D, Heenen S, Piagnerelli M, Koch M, Vincent JL. Pulse pressure variations to predict fluid responsiveness: influence of tidal volume. Intensive Care Med.31, 517–523 (2005).
- Vincent JL, Weil MH. Fluid challenge revisited. Crit. Care Med.34, 1333–1337 (2006).
- De Backer D, Biston P, Devriendt J et al. Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock. N. Engl. J. Med.362, 779–789 (2010).
- De Backer D, Creteur J, Silva E, Vincent JL. Effects of dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine on the splanchnic circulation in septic shock: which is best? Crit. Care Med.31, 1659–1667 (2003).
- Rehberg S, Ertmer C, Vincent JL et al. Effects of combined arginine vasopressin and levosimendan on organ function in ovine septic shock. Crit. Care Med.38(10), 2016–2023 (2010).
- Mosnier LO, Zlokovic BV, Griffin JH. The cytoprotective protein C pathway. Blood109, 3161–3172 (2007).
- Bernard GR, Vincent JL, Laterre PF et al. Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N. Engl. J. Med.344, 699–709 (2001).
- Abraham E, Laterre PF, Garg R et al. Drotrecogin alfa (activated) for adults with severe sepsis and a low risk of death. N. Engl. J. Med.353, 1332–1341 (2005).
- Nadel S, Goldstein B, Williams MD et al. Drotrecogin alfa (activated) in children with severe sepsis: a multicentre Phase III randomised controlled trial. Lancet369, 836–843 (2007).
- Bernard GR, Macias WL, Joyce DE, Williams MD, Bailey J, Vincent JL. Safety assessment of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in the treatment of adult patients with severe sepsis. Crit. Care7, 155–163 (2003).
- Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Clermont G et al. Cost-effectiveness of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in the treatment of severe sepsis. Crit. Care Med.31, 1–11 (2003).
- Vincent JL. Sepsis: clearing the blood in sepsis. Nat. Rev. Nephrol.5, 559–560 (2009).
- Cruz DN, Antonelli M, Fumagalli R et al. Early use of polymyxin B hemoperfusion in abdominal septic shock: the EUPHAS randomized controlled trial. JAMA301, 2445–2452 (2009).
- Payen D, Mateo J, Cavaillon JM, Fraisse F, Floriot C, Vicaut E. Impact of continuous venovenous hemofiltration on organ failure during the early phase of severe sepsis: a randomized controlled trial. Crit. Care Med.37, 803–810 (2009).
- Annane D, Sebille V, Charpentier C et al. Effect of treatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone on mortality in patients with septic shock. JAMA288, 862–871 (2002).
- Sprung CL, Annane D, Keh D et al. Hydrocortisone therapy for patients with septic shock. N. Engl. J. Med.358, 111–124 (2008).
- Vincent JL. Steroids in sepsis: another swing of the pendulum in our clinical trials. Crit. Care12, 141 (2008).
- Sharshar T, Blanchard A, Paillard M, Raphael JC, Gajdos P, Annane D. Circulating vasopressin levels in septic shock. Crit. Care Med.31, 1752–1758 (2003).
- Barrett LK, Singer M, Clapp LH. Vasopressin: mechanisms of action on the vasculature in health and in septic shock. Crit. Care Med.35, 33–40 (2007).
- Landry DW, Levin HR, Gallant EM et al. Vasopressin deficiency contributes to the vasodilation of septic shock. Circulation95, 1122–1125 (1997).
- Russell JA, Walley KR, Singer J et al. Vasopressin versus norepinephrine infusion in patients with septic shock. N. Engl. J. Med.358, 877–887 (2008).
- Gordon AC, Russell JA, Walley KR et al. The effects of vasopressin on acute kidney injury in septic shock. Intensive Care Med.36, 83–91 (2010).
- Russell JA, Walley KR, Gordon AC et al. Interaction of vasopressin infusion, corticosteroid treatment, and mortality of septic shock. Crit. Care Med.37, 811–818 (2009).
- Morelli A, Ertmer C, Lange M et al. Effects of short-term simultaneous infusion of dobutamine and terlipressin in patients with septic shock: the DOBUPRESS study. Br. J. Anaesth.100, 494–503 (2008).
- Morelli A, Ertmer C, Rehberg S et al. Continuous terlipressin versus vasopressin infusion in septic shock (TERLIVAP): a randomized, controlled pilot study. Crit. Care13, R130 (2009).
- Vincent JL. Give your patient a fast hug (at least) once a day. Crit. Care Med.33, 1225–1229 (2005).
- Strom T, Martinussen T, Toft P. A protocol of no sedation for critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation: a randomised trial. Lancet375, 475–480 (2010).
- Andrikos E, Tseke P, Balafa O et al. Epidemiology of acute renal failure in ICUs: a multi-center prospective study. Blood Purif.28, 239–244 (2009).
- Palevsky PM, Zhang JH, O’Connor TZ et al. Intensity of renal support in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. N. Engl. J. Med.359, 7–20 (2008).
- Bellomo R, Cass A, Cole L et al. Intensity of continuous renal-replacement therapy in critically ill patients. N. Engl. J. Med.361, 1627–1638 (2009).
- Van Wert R, Friedrich JO, Scales DC, Wald R, Adhikari NK. High-dose renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury: systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit. Care Med.38, 1360–1369 (2010).
- Pannu N, Klarenbach S, Wiebe N, Manns B, Tonelli M. Renal replacement therapy in patients with acute renal failure: a systematic review. JAMA299, 793–805 (2008).
- Rabindranath K, Adams J, Macleod AM, Muirhead N. Intermittent versus continuous renal replacement therapy for acute renal failure in adults. Cochrane. Database Syst. Rev.CD003773 (2007).
- Casaer MP, Hermans G, Wilmer A, Van den BG. Impact of early parenteral nutrition completing enteral nutrition in adult critically ill patients (EPaNIC trial): a study protocol and statistical analysis plan for a randomized controlled trial. Trials12, 21 (2011).
- Marik PE, Zaloga GP. Immunonutrition in critically ill patients: a systematic review and analysis of the literature. Intensive Care Med.34, 1980–1990 (2008).
- Van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F et al. Intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill patients. N. Engl. J. Med.345, 1359–1367 (2001).
- Preiser JC, Devos P, Ruiz-Santana S et al. A prospective randomised multi-centre controlled trial on tight glucose control by intensive insulin therapy in adult intensive care units: the Glucontrol study. Intensive Care Med.35, 1738–1748 (2009).
- Vincent JL. Blood glucose control in 2010: 110 to 150 mg/dl and minimal variability. Crit. Care Med.38, 993–995 (2010).
- Hermanides J, Vriesendorp TM, Bosman RJ, Zandstra DF, Hoekstra JB, Devries JH. Glucose variability is associated with intensive care unit mortality. Crit. Care Med.38, 838–842 (2010).
- Dellinger RP, Carlet JM, Masur H et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit. Care Med.32, 858–873 (2004).
- Levy MM, Pronovost PJ, Dellinger RP et al. Sepsis change bundles: converting guidelines into meaningful change in behavior and clinical outcome. Crit. Care Med.32, S595–S597 (2004).
- Vincent JL. Is the current management of severe sepsis and septic shock really evidence based? PLoS Med.3, e346 (2006).
- Vincent JL, Donadello K, Gottin L. What have we learned from the Surviving Sepsis Campaign. In: Anaesthesia, Pain, Intensive Care and Emergency A.P.I.C.E. Gullo A (Ed.). Springer, Heidelberg, Germany (2011) (In Press).
- Ferrer R, Artigas A, Levy MM et al. Improvement in process of care and outcome after a multicenter severe sepsis educational program in Spain. JAMA299, 2294–2303 (2008).
- Kumar A, Roberts D, Wood KE et al. Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock. Crit. Care Med.34, 1589–1596 (2006).
- Vincent JL, O’Brien J Jr, Wheeler A et al. Use of an integrated clinical trial database to evaluate the effect of timing of drotrecogin alfa (activated) treatment in severe sepsis. Crit. Care10, R74 (2006).
- Zambon M, Ceola M, Almeida-de-Castro R, Gullo A, Vincent JL. Implementation of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines for severe sepsis and septic shock: we could go faster. J. Crit. Care23, 455–460 (2008).
- ANZICS APD Management Committee. The outcome of patients with sepsis and septic shock presenting to emergency departments in Australia and New Zealand. Crit. Care Resusc.9, 8–18 (2007).
- Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC et al. 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit. Care Med.31, 1250–1256 (2003).
- Huttunen R, Syrjanen J, Vuento R et al. Plasma level of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor as a predictor of disease severity and case fatality in patients with bacteraemia: a prospective cohort study. J. Intern. Med.270(1), 32–40 (2011).
- Casserly B, Read R, Levy MM. Multimarker panels in sepsis. Crit. Care Clin.27, 391–405 (2011).
- Infectious Diseases Society of America. The 10 × ‘20 Initiative: pursuing a global commitment to develop 10 new antibacterial drugs by 2020. Clin. Infect. Dis.50, 1081–1083 (2010).
- Klouche M, Schroder U. Rapid methods for diagnosis of bloodstream infections. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med.46, 888–908 (2008).
- Claus RA, Otto GP, Deigner HP, Bauer M. Approaching clinical reality: markers for monitoring systemic inflammation and sepsis. Curr. Mol. Med.10, 227–235 (2010).
- Bloos F, Hinder F, Becker K et al. A multicenter trial to compare blood culture with polymerase chain reaction in severe human sepsis. Intensive Care Med.36, 241–247 (2010).
- Tissari P, Zumla A, Tarkka E et al. Accurate and rapid identification of bacterial species from positive blood cultures with a DNA-based microarray platform: an observational study. Lancet375, 224–230 (2010).
- Kreymann KG, de HG, Nierhaus A, Kluge S. Use of polyclonal immunoglobulins as adjunctive therapy for sepsis or septic shock. Crit. Care Med.35, 2677–2685 (2007).
- Taccone FS, Stordeur P, De BD, Creteur J, Vincent JL. Gamma-globulin levels in patients with community-acquired septic shock. Shock32, 379–385 (2009).