References
- Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990–2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet349, 1498–1504 (1997).
- Anzueto A, Sethi S, Martinez FJ. Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc.4, 554–564 (2007).
- Donaldson GC, Seemungal TA, Bhowmik A, Wedzicha JA. Relationship between exacerbation frequency and lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax57, 847–852 (2002).
- Stevenson NJ, Walker PP, Costello RW et al. Lung mechanics and dyspnea during exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.172, 1510–1516 (2005).
- Spencer S, Jones PW; GLOBE study group. Time course of recovery of health status following an infective exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Thorax58, 589–593 (2003).
- Soler-Cataluna JJ, Martinez-Garcia MA, Roman Sanchez P, Salcedo E, Navarro M, Ochando R. Severe acute exacerbations and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax60, 925–993 (2005).
- Cooper CB, Tashkin DP. Recent developments in inhaled therapy in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Br. Med. J.330, 640–644 (2005).
- Sin DD, Finlay A, McAlister SF et al. Contemporary management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Scientific Review. JAMA290, 2301–2312 (2003).
- Jenkins CR, Gones PW, Calverley PM et al. Efficacy of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate by GOLD stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: analysis from the randomized, placebo-controlled TORCH study. Respir. Res.10, 59 (2009).
- Nelson HS, Weiss ST, Bleecker ER et al. The salmeterol multicenter asthma research trial: a comparison of usual pharmacotherapy for asthma or usual pharmacotherapy plus salmeterol. Chest129, 15–26 (2006).
- Mann M, Chowdhury B, Sullivan E et al. Serious asthma exacerbations in asthmatics treated with high-dose formoterol. Chest124, 70–74 (2003).
- Donnelly R, Seale JP. Clinical pharmacokinetics of inhaled budesonide. Clin. Pharmacokinet.40, 427–440 (2001).
- Zhang M, Fawcett JP, Shaw JP. Stereoselective urinary excretion of formoterol and its glucuronide conjugate in human. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol.54, 246–250 (2002).
- Szafranski W, Cukier A, Ramirez A et al. Efficacy and safety of budesonide/formoterol in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J.21, 74–81 (2003).
- Calverley PM, Boonsawat W, Cseke Z et al. Maintenance therapy with budesonide and formoterol in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J.22, 912–919 (2003).
- Eklund A, Tronde A, Jonannes-Hellberg I et al. Pharacokinetics of budesonide and formoterol administered via a series of single-drug and combination inhalers: four open-label, randomized, crossover studies in healthy adults. Biopharm. Drug Dispos.29, 382–395 (2008).
- Tronde A, Gillen M, Borgstrom L et al. Pharmacokinetics of budesonide and formoterol administered via 1 pressurized metered-dose inhaler in patients with asthma and COPD. J. Clin. Pharacol.48, 1300–1308 (2008).
- Chambers F, Ludzik A. In vitro drug delivery performance of a new budesonide/formoterol pressurinzed metered-dose inhaler. J. Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv.22, 113–120 (2009).
- Miller CJ, Senn S, Mezzanotte WS. Bronchodilation of formoterol administered with budesonide: device and formulation effects. Contemp. Clin. Trials29, 114–124 (2008).
- Bousquet J, Huchon G, Leclerc V et al. A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, single-dose, efficacy crosover trial comparing formoterol-HFA (pMDI) versus formoterol-DPI (Aerolizer™) and placebo (pMDI or Aerolizer™) in asthmatic patients. Respiration72(Suppl. 1), 6–12 (2005).
- Noonan M, Rosenwasser LJ, Martin P et al. Efficacy and safety of budesonide and formoterol in one pressurised metered-dose inhaler in adults and adolescents with moderate to severe asthma. A randomized clinical trial. Drugs66, 2235–2254 (2006).
- Corren J, Korenblat PE, Miller CJ et al. Twelve-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter study of the efficacy and tolerability of budesonide and formoterol in one metered-dose inhaler compared with budesonide alone and formoterol alone in adolescents and adults with asthma. Clin. Ther.29, 823–843 (2007).
- Chowdhury BA, Dal Pan G. The FDA and safe use of long-acting β-agonists in the treatment of asthma. N. Engl. J. Med.362, 1169–1171 (2010).
- Tashkin DP, Rennard SI, Martin P et al. Efficacy and tolerability of budesonide and formoterol administered in one pressurized metered-dose inhaler over 6 months in patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Drugs68, 1975–2000 (2008).
- Rennard SI, Tashkin DP, McElhattan J et al. One-year evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of budesonide/formoterol in one hydrofluoroalkane pressurized metered-dose inhaler in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Drugs69, 549–565 (2009).
- Leidy NK, Schmier JK, Jones MKC et al. Evaluating symptoms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: validation of the Breathlessness, Cough and Sputum Scale. Respir. Med.97, S59–S70 (2003).
- Jones PW, Quirk FH, Baveystock CM et al. A self-complete measure of health status for chronic airflow limitation. The St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis.145, 1321–1327 (1992).
- Shah S, White M, Uryniak T et al. The functionality of a budesonide/formoterol pressurized metered-dose inhaler with an integrated actuation counter. Allergy Asthma Proc.31, 40–48 (2010).
- Melani AS, Zanchetta Z, Sestini N et al. Inhalation technique and variables associated with misuse of conventional metered-dose inhalers and newer dry powder inhalers in experienced adults. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol.93, 439–446 (2004).
- Calverley PM, Anderson JA, Celli B et al. Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N. Engl. J. Med.356, 775–789 (2007).
- Wedzicha JA, Calverley PM, Seemungal TA et al. The prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations by salmeterol/fluticasone propionate or tiotropium bromide. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.177, 19–26 (2008).
- Ernst P, Gonzalez AV, Brassard P et al. Inhaled corticosteroid use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.176, 162–166 (2007).
- Drummond MB, Dasenbrook EC, Pitz MW et al. Inhaled corticosteroids in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA300, 2407–2416 (2008).
- Sin DD, Tashkin D, Zhang X et al. Budesonide and the risk of pneumonia: a pooled analysis of clinical trials. Lancet374, 712–719 (2008).
- Esmailpour N, Hogger P, Rohdewald P. Binding of glucocorticoids to human nasal tissue in vitro. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol.122, 151–154 (2000).
- Mortimer KJ, Tattersfield AE, Tang Y et al. Plasma concentrations of fluticasone propionate and budesonide following inhalation: effect of induced bronchoconstriction. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol.64, 439–444 (2007).
- Welte T, Miravitlles M, Hernandez P et al. Efficacy and tolerability of budesonide/formoterol added to tiotropium in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.180, 741–750 (2009).
- Dahl R, Fan Chung K, Buhl R et al. Efficacy of a new once-daily LABA, indacaterol, versus the twice-daily LABA, formoterol, in COPD. Thorax65, 473–479 (2010).
- Fitzgerald MR, Fox JC. Emerging trends in the therapy of COPD: bronchodilators as mono- and combination therapies. Drug Discov. Today12, 472–478 (2007).
- Hochrainer D, Holz H, Kreher C et al. Comparison if the aerosol velocity and spray duration of Respimat® Soft Mist® Inhaler and pressurized metered dose inhalers. J. Aerosol Med.18, 273–282 (2005).
- Bateman E, Tashkin D, Siafakas N et al. A one-year trial of tiotropium Respimat plus usual therapy in COPD patients. Respir. Med.104(10), 1460–1472 (2010).
- Nathan RA, Nolte H, Pearlman DS et al. Twenty-six week efficacy and safety study of mometasone furoate/formoterol 200/10 µg combination treatment in patients with persistent asthma previously receiving medium-dose inhaled corticosteroids. Allergy Asthma Proc.31, 269–279 (2010).
- Weinstein SF, Corren J, Murphy K et al. Twelve-week efficacy and safety study of mometasone furoate/formoterol 200/10 and 400/10 µg combination treatments in patients with persistent asthma previously receiving high-dose inhaled corticosteroids. Allergy Asthma Proc.31, 280–289 (2010).
- Seifart C, Vogelmeier C. Emerging drugs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Emerg. Drugs14, 181–194 (2009).
- Calverley PM, Rabe KF, Godhring UM et al. Roflumilast in moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: two randomized clinical trials. Lancet374, 685–694 (2009).
- Fabbri LM, Calverley PM, Izquierdo-Alonso JL et al. Roflumilast in moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated with longacting bronchodilators: two randomized clinical trials. Lancet374, 695–703 (2009).
Website
- Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease www.goldcopd.com (Accessed 16 June 2010)