Danger signals in tumor cells: a risk factor for autoimmune disease?

References

• Gilboa E. The makings of a tumor rejection antigen. Immunity11(3), 263–270 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fournier P, Schirrmacher V. Randomized clinical studies of anti-tumor vaccination: state of the art in 2008. Expert Rev. Vaccines8(1), 51–66 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matzinger P. Tolerance, danger, and the extended family. Annu. Rev. Immunol.12, 991–1045 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medzhitov R, Janeway CA Jr. Innate immunity: the virtues of a nonclonal system of recognition. Cell91, 295–298 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trinchieri G, Sher A. Cooperation of Toll-like receptor signals in innate immune defence. Nat. Rev. Immunol.7, 179–190 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O. Pathogen recognition and innate immunity. Cell124(4), 783–801 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medzhitov R, Janeway CA Jr. Decoding the patterns of self and nonself by the innate immune system. Science296, 298–300 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medzhitov R, Janeway CA Jr. Innate immunity: the virtues of a nonclonal system of recognition. Cell91, 295–298 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lotze MT, Zeh HJ, Rubartelli A et al. The grateful dead: damage-associated molecular pattern molecules and reduction/oxidation regulate immunity. Immunol. Rev.220, 60–81 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seong SY, Matzinger P. Hydrophobicity: an ancient damage-associated molecular pattern that initiates innate immune responses. Nat. Rev. Immunol.4(6), 469–478 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seong SY. A missed proteome in living organisms: a Hyppo system. Curr. Proteome3(2), 129–145 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Oppenheim JJ, Yang D. Alarmins: chemotactic activators of immune responses. Curr. Opin. Immunol.17, 359–365 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheibner KA, Lutz MA, Boodoo S, Fenton MJ, Powell JD, Horton MR. Hyaluronan fragments act as an endogenous danger signal by engaging TLR2. J. Immunol.177, 1272–1281 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Bloom O, Zhang M et al. HMG-1 as a late mediator of endotoxin lethality in mice. Science285, 248–251 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth J, Vogl T, Sorg C, Sunderkotter C. Phagocyte-specific S100 proteins: a novel group of proinflammatory molecules. Trends Immunol.24, 155–158 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fournier P, Zeng J, Schirrmacher V. Two ways to induce innate immune responses in human PBMCs: paracrine stimulation of IFN-α responses by viral protein or dsRNA. Int. J. Oncol.23(3), 673–680 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fábián Z, Csatary CM, Szeberényi J, Csatary LK. p53-independent endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated cytotoxicity of a Newcastle disease virus strain in tumor cell lines. J. Virol.81(6), 2817–2830 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schirrmacher V, Fournier P. Newcastle disease virus: a promising vector for viral therapy, immune therapy, and gene therapy of cancer. Methods Mol. Biol.542, 565–605 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schulze T, Kemmner W, Weitz J, Wernecke KD, Schirrmacher V, Schlag PM. Efficiency of adjuvant active specific immunization with Newcastle disease virus modified tumor cells in colorectal cancer patients following resection of liver metastases: results of a prospective randomized trial. Cancer Immunol. Immunother.58(1), 61–69 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steiner HH, Bonsanto MM, Beckhove P et al. Antitumor vaccination of patients with glioblastoma multiforme: a pilot study to assess feasibility, safety, and clinical benefit. J. Clin. Oncol.22(21), 4272–4281 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karcher J, Dyckhoff G, Beckhove P et al. Antitumor vaccination in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas with autologous virus-modified tumor cells. Cancer Res.64(21), 8057–8061 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahlert T, Sauerbrei W, Bastert G et al. Tumor-cell number and viability as quality and efficacy parameters of autologous virus-modified cancer vaccines in patients with breast or ovarian cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.15(4), 1354–1366 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janeway CA Jr. Approaching the asymptote? Evolution and revolution in immunology. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol.54(1), 1–13 (1989).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schirrmacher V, Ahlert T, Pröbstle T et al. Immunization with virus-modified tumor cells. Semin. Oncol.25(6), 677–696 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemmi H, Akira S. TLR signalling and the function of dendritic cells. Chem. Immunol. Allergy86, 120–135 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Matzinger P. Tolerance, danger, and the extended family. Annu. Rev. Immunol.12, 991–1045 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen GY, Tang J, Zheng P, Liu Y. CD24 and Siglec-10 selectively repress tissue damage-induced immune responses. Science323(5922), 1722–1725 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li O, Chang X, Zhang H et al. Massive and destructive T cell response to homeostatic cue in CD24-deficient lymphopenic hosts. J. Exp. Med.203(7), 1713–1720 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu Y, Zheng P. CD24: a genetic checkpoint in T-cell homeostasis and autoimmune diseases. Trends Immunol.28(7), 315–320 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maier T, Tun-Kyi A, Tassis A et al. Vaccination of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma using intranodal injection of autologous tumor-lysate-pulsed dendritic cells. Blood102(7), 2338–2344 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamanaka R, Homma J, Yajima N et al. Clinical evaluation of dendritic cell vaccination for patients with recurrent glioma: results of a clinical Phase I/II trial. Clin. Cancer Res.11(11), 4160–4167 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu JS, Wheeler CJ, Zeltzer PM et al. Vaccination of malignant glioma patients with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells elicits systemic cytotoxicity and intracranial T-cell infiltration. Cancer Res.61, 842–847 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phan GQ, Yang JC, Sherry RM et al. Cancer regression and autoimmunity induced by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA100, 8372–8377 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Elsas A, Hurwitz AA, Allison JP. Combination immunotherapy of B16 melanoma using anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF)-producing vaccines induces rejection of subcutaneous and metastatic tumors accompanied by autoimmune depigmentation. J. Exp. Med.190, 355–366 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim J, Lahl K, Hori S et al. Cutting edge: depletion of Foxp3+ cells leads to induction of autoimmunity by specific ablation of regulatory T cells in genetically targeted mice. J. Immunol.183(12), 7631–7634 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar