Switching from OPV to IPV: are we behind the schedule in Latin America?

References

• Introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccine into oral polio vaccine-using countries. Wkly Epidemiol. Rec.78(28), 241–252 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Inactivated poliovirus vaccine following oral poliovirus vaccine cessation. Wkly Epidemiol. Rec.81(15), 137–144 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Global Polio Eradication Initiative Strategic Plan 2004–2008. Wkly Epidemiol. Rec.6(79), 55–57 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Andrus JK, Strebel PM, de Quadros CA, Olive JM. Risk of vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis in Latin America, 1989–1991. Bull. World Health Organ.73, 33–40 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CDC. Outbreak of poliomyelitis – Dominican Republic and Haiti, 2000. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.49(48), 1094, 1103 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Kew 0, Morris-Glasgow V, Landaverde M et al. Outbreak of poliomyelitis in Hispaniola associated with circulating type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus. Science296(5566), 356–359 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Global update on vaccine-derived polioviruses, January 2006 – August 2007. Wkly Epidemiol. Rec.82(39), 337–344 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CDC. Update on vaccine-derived polioviruses – worldwide, January 2008–June 2009. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.58(36), 1002–1006 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bonnet MC, Dutta A. World wide experience with inactivated poliovirus vaccine. Vaccine26, 4978–4983 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CDC. Laboratory surveillance for wild and vaccine-derived polioviruses – worldwide, January 2008–June 2009. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.58(34), 950–954 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Pan American Health Organization. Poliomyelitis Eradication Field Guide. PAHO, Washington, DC, USA (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Aylward RB, Sutter RW, Heymann DL. Policy: OPV cessation – the final step to a ‘polio-free’ world. Science310, 625–626 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asturias E. Polio. Presented at: Latin American Pediatric Infectology Society (SLIPE) Congress. San José, Costa Rica, May 2007.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. Global Polio Eradication Initiative, 2004 Annual Report. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Pan American Health Organization. XVIII Meeting of the Technical Advisory Group on Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Final Report. Pan American Health Organization, Costa Rica (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Alexander LN, Seward JF, Santibanez TA et al. Vaccine policy changes and epidemiology of poliomyelitis in the United States. JAMA292(14), 1696–1701 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minor P. Vaccine derived poliovirus (VDPV): impact on poliomyelitis eradication. Vaccine27, 2649–2652 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin J. Vaccine-derived poliovirus from long term excretors and the end game of polio eradication. Biologicals34(2), 117–122 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abraham R, Minor P, Dunn G, Modlin JF, Ogra PL. Shedding of virulent poliovirus revertants during immunization with oral poliovirus vaccine after prior immunization with inactivated polio vaccine. J. Infect. Dis.168(5), 1105–1109 (1993).
   Google Scholar
• Kew OM, Sutter RW, de Gourville EM, Dowdle WR, Pallansch MA. Vaccine-derived polioviruses and the endgame strategy for global polio eradication. Annu. Rev. Microbiol.59587–59635 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• WHO. Conclusions and recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Poliomyelitis Eradication, Geneva, 11–12 October, 2006, Part I. Wkly Epidemiol. Rec.81(48), 453–464 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• CDC. Paralytic poliomyelitis – United States, 1980–1994. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.46(4), 79–83 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• John TJ. Vaccine-associated paralytic polio in India. Bull. World Health Organ.80(11), 917 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Conclusions and recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Poliomyelitis Eradication, Geneva, 11–12 October, 2006, Part II. Wkly Epidemiol. Rec.81(49/50), 465–468 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• WHO. Paralytic poliomyelitis in Madagascar, 2002. Wkly Epidemiol. Rec.77(29), 241–242 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• CDC. Acute flaccid paralysis associated with circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus – Philippines, 2001. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.50(40), 874–875 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liang X, Zhang Y, Xu W et al. An outbreak of poliomyelitis caused by type I vaccine-derived poliovirus in China. J. Infect. Dis.194(5), 545–551 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang CF, Naguib T, Yang SJ et al. Circulation of endemic type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus in Egypt from 1983 to 1993. J. Virol.77(15), 8366–8377 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wringe A, Fine P, Sutter R, Kew O. Estimating the extent of vaccine derived poliovirus infection. Plos ONE2(10), 1–11 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Martin J. Vaccine-derived poliovirus from long-term excretors and the end game of polio eradication. Biologicals34(2), 117–122 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minor P. Emerging/disappearing viruses’ future issues concerning polio eradication. Virus Res.82(1–2), 33–37 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• MacLennan C, Dunn G, Huissoon AP et al. Failure to clear persistent vaccine-derived neurovirulent poliovirus infection in an immunodeficient man. Lancet363(9420), 1509–1513 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul Y. Herd immunity and herd protection. Vaccine22, 301–302 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• John TJ, Samuel R. Herd immunity and herd effect: new insights and definitions. Eur. J. Epidemiol.16, 601–606 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plotkin SA, Vidor E. Poliovirus vaccine – inactivated. In: Vaccines (4th Edition). Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA (Eds). Saunders, PA, USA, 625–649 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Asturias EJ, Dueger EL, Omer SB et al. Randomized trial of inactivated and live polio vaccine schedules in Guatemalan infants. J. Infect. Dis.196, 692–698 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dayan G, Thorley M, Yamamura Y et al. Serologic response to inactivated poliovirus vaccine: a randomized clinical trial comparing 2 vaccination schedules in Puerto Rico. J. Infect. Dis.195, 12–20 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Cuba IPV Study Collaborative Group. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of inactivated polio vaccine in Cuba. N. Engl. J. Med.356, 1536–1544 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Óscar Arias-Sánchez. Preserving life on this planet. Presented at: XVII Meeting of the Technical Advisor Group. National Theatre, San José, Costa Rica, 24 August 2009.
   Google Scholar