Group A rotavirus universal mass vaccination: how and to what extent will selective pressure influence prevalence of rotavirus genotypes?

References

• Matthijnssens J, Ciarlet M, Heiman E et al. Full genome-based classification of rotaviruses reveals a common origin between human Wa-Like and porcine rotavirus strains and human DS-1-like and bovine rotavirus strains. J. Virol. 82(7), 3204–3219 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthijnssens J, Van Ranst M. Genotype constellation and evolution of group A rotaviruses infecting humans. Curr. Opin. Virol. 2(4), 426–433 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martella V, Bányai K, Matthijnssens J, Buonavoglia C, Ciarlet M. Zoonotic aspects of rotaviruses. Vet. Microbiol. 140(3–4), 246–255 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAGE. Meeting of the immunization Strategic Advisory Group of Experts, April 2009 – conclusions and recommendations. Wkly Epidemiol. Rec. 84(23), 220–236 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Matthijnssens J, Joelsson DB, Warakomski DJ et al. Molecular and biological characterization of the 5 human-bovine rotavirus (WC3)-based reassortant strains of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, RotaTeq. Virology 403(2), 111–127 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Usonis V, Ivaskeviciene I, Desselberger U, Rodrigo C; Pediatric ROTavirus European CommiTtee (PROTECT). The unpredictable diversity of co-circulating rotavirus types in Europe and the possible impact of universal mass vaccination programmes on rotavirus genotype incidence. Vaccine 30(31), 4596–4605 (2012).
   Google Scholar
• Iturriza-Gómara M, Dallman T, Bányai K et al. Rotavirus genotypes co-circulating in Europe between 2006 and 2009 as determined by EuroRotaNet, a pan-European collaborative strain surveillance network. Epidemiol. Infect. 139(6), 895–909 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bányai K, László B, Duque J et al. Systematic review of regional and temporal trends in global rotavirus strain diversity in the pre rotavirus vaccine era: insights for understanding the impact of rotavirus vaccination programs. Vaccine 30(Suppl. 1), A122–A130 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishop RF, Barnes GL, Cipriani E, Lund JS. Clinical immunity after neonatal rotavirus infection. A prospective longitudinal study in young children. N. Engl. J. Med. 309(2), 72–76 (1983).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velázquez FR, Matson DO, Calva JJ et al. Rotavirus infections in infants as protection against subsequent infections. N. Engl. J. Med. 335(14), 1022–1028 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthijnssens J, Desselberger U. Genome diversity and evolution of rotaviruses. In: Genome Plasticity and Infectious Diseases. Hacker J, Dobrindt U, Kurth R (Eds). ASM Press, DC, USA, 219–241 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Jere KC, Mlera L, Page NA, van Dijk AA, O’Neill HG. Whole genome analysis of multiple rotavirus strains from a single stool specimen using sequence-independent amplification and 454(R) pyrosequencing reveals evidence of intergenotype genome segment recombination. Infect. Genet. Evol. 11(8), 2072–2082 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Baqui AH, Black RE, El Arifeen S et al. Effect of zinc supplementation started during diarrhoea on morbidity and mortality in Bangladeshi children: community randomised trial. Br. Med. J. 325(7372), 1059 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan J, Nirwati H, Triasih R et al. Maternal antibodies to rotavirus: could they interfere with live rotavirus vaccines in developing countries? Vaccine 29(6), 1242–1247 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel NC, Hertel PM, Estes MK et al. Vaccine-acquired rotavirus in infants with severe combined immunodeficiency. N. Engl. J. Med. 362(4), 314–319 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlaudecker EP, Steinhoff MC, Moore SR. Interactions of diarrhea, pneumonia, and malnutrition in childhood: recent evidence from developing countries. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 24(5), 496–502 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato T, Nakagomi T, Naghipour M, Nakagomi O. Modeling seasonal variation in rotavirus hospitalizations for use in evaluating the effect of rotavirus vaccine. J. Med. Virol. 82(8), 1468–1474 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakagomi O, Nakagomi T, Akatani K, Ikegami N. Identification of rotavirus genogroups by RNA-RNA hybridization. Mol. Cell. Probes 3(3), 251–261 (1989).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeller M, Patton JT, Heylen E et al. Genetic analyses reveal differences in the VP7 and VP4 antigenic epitopes between human rotaviruses circulating in Belgium and rotaviruses in Rotarix and trade; and RotaTeq and trade. J. Clin. Microbiol. 50(3), 966–976 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Trojnar E, Otto P, Roth B, Reetz J, Johne R. The genome segments of a group D rotavirus possess group A-like conserved termini but encode group-specific proteins. J. Virol. 84(19), 10254–10265 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthijnssens J, Peter H, Ciarlet M, Desselberger U, Van Ranst M, Johne R. VP6 sequence-based cut-off values as a criterion for rotavirus species demarcation. Arch. Virol. 157(6), 1177–1182 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phua KB, Lim FS, Lau YL et al. Safety and efficacy of human rotavirus vaccine during the first 2 years of life in Asian infants: randomised, double-blind, controlled study. Vaccine 27(43), 5936–5941 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruiz-Palacios GM, Pérez-Schael I, Velázquez FR et al.; Human Rotavirus Vaccine Study Group. Safety and efficacy of an attenuated vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. N. Engl. J. Med. 354(1), 11–22 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vesikari T, Karvonen A, Prymula R et al. Efficacy of human rotavirus vaccine against rotavirus gastroenteritis during the first 2 years of life in European infants: randomised, double-blind controlled study. Lancet 370(9601), 1757–1763 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linhares AC, Velázquez FR, Pérez-Schael I et al.; Human Rotavirus Vaccine Study Group. Efficacy and safety of an oral live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine against rotavirus gastroenteritis during the first 2 years of life in Latin American infants: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase III study. Lancet 371(9619), 1181–1189 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braeckman T, Van Herck K, Meyer N et al. Effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination against rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalisation among young children in Belgium: a case-control study. Br. Med. J. 345, e4752 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitzer VE, Patel MM, Lopman BA, Viboud C, Parashar UD, Grenfell BT. Modeling rotavirus strain dynamics in developed countries to understand the potential impact of vaccination on genotype distributions. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108(48), 19353–19358 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desselberger U, Huppertz HI. Immune responses to rotavirus infection and vaccination and associated correlates of protection. J. Infect. Dis. 203(2), 188–195 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angel J, Franco MA, Greenberg HB. Rotavirus immune responses and correlates of protection. Curr. Opin. Virol. 2(4), 419–425 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Ryan M, Lucero Y, Linhares AC. Rotarix®: vaccine performance 6 years postlicensure. Expert Rev. Vaccines 10(12), 1645–1659 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthijnssens J, Bilcke J, Ciarlet M et al. Rotavirus disease and vaccination: impact on genotype diversity. Future Microbiol. 4(10), 1303–1316 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkwood CD, Boniface K, Barnes GL, Bishop RF. Distribution of rotavirus genotypes after introduction of rotavirus vaccines, Rotarix® and RotaTeq®, into the National Immunization Program of Australia. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 30(Suppl. 1), S48–S53 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkwood CD, Boniface K, Bishop RF, Barnes GL. Australian Rotavirus Surveillance Program: annual report, 2009/2010. Commun. Dis. Intell. 34(4), 427–434 (2010).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kirkwood CD, Roczo S, Boniface K, Bishop RF, Barnes GL; Australian Rotavirus Surveillance Group. Australian Rotavirus Surveillance Program annual report, 2010/11. Commun. Dis. Intell. 35(4), 281–287 (2011).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hull JJ, Teel EN, Kerin TK et al.; National Rotavirus Strain Surveillance System. United States rotavirus strain surveillance from 2005 to 2008: genotype prevalence before and after vaccine introduction. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 30(Suppl. 1), S42–S47 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne DC, Staat MA, Edwards KM et al.; New Vaccine Surveillance Network. Direct and indirect effects of rotavirus vaccination upon childhood hospitalizations in 3 US counties, 2006–2009. Clin. Infect. Dis. 53(3), 245–253 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark HF, Lawley D, DiStefano D, Matthijnssens J, Dinubile MJ. Distribution of rotavirus genotypes causing nosocomial and community-acquired acute gastroenteritis at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia in the new rotavirus vaccine era. Hum. Vaccin. 7(11), 1118–1123 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boom JA, Tate JE, Sahni LC et al. Sustained protection from pentavalent rotavirus vaccination during the second year of life at a large, urban United States pediatric hospital. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 29(12), 1133–1135 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdel-Haq N, Amjad M, McGrath E et al. Emergence of human rotavirus genotype G9 in metropolitan Detroit between 2007 and 2009. J. Med. Microbiol. 60(Pt 6), 761–767 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Vesikari T, Matson DO, Dennehy P et al.; Rotavirus Efficacy and Safety Trial (REST) Study Team. Safety and efficacy of a pentavalent human-bovine (WC3) reassortant rotavirus vaccine. N. Engl. J. Med. 354(1), 23–33 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazdins I, Coulson BS, Kirkwood C et al. Rotavirus antigenicity is affected by the genetic context and glycosylation of VP7. Virology 209(1), 80–89 (1995).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kamiya H, Nakano T, Kamiya H, Yui A, Taniguchi K, Parashar U; Rotavirus Epidemiology Study Group. Rotavirus-associated acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations among Japanese children aged <5 years: active rotavirus surveillance in Mie Prefecture, Japan. Jpn J. Infect. Dis. 64(6), 482–487 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ngo TC, Nguyen BM, Dang DA et al. Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhoea among children in Haiphong, Vietnam: the emergence of G3 rotavirus. Vaccine 27(Suppl. 5), F75–F80 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Kawai K, O’Brien MA, Goveia MG, Mast TC, El Khoury AC. Burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis and distribution of rotavirus strains in Asia: a systematic review. Vaccine 30(7), 1244–1254 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeller M, Rahman M, Heylen E et al. Rotavirus incidence and genotype distribution before and after national rotavirus vaccine introduction in Belgium. Vaccine 28(47), 7507–7513 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Correia JB, Patel MM, Nakagomi O et al. Effectiveness of monovalent rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) against severe diarrhea caused by serotypically unrelated G2P[4] strains in Brazil. J. Infect. Dis. 201(3), 363–369 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cilli A, Luchs A, Morillo SG, Costa FF, Carmona Rde C, Timenetsky Mdo C. Characterization of rotavirus and norovirus strains: a 6-year study (2004–2009). J. Pediatr. (Rio. J.) 87(5), 445–449 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borges AM, Dias e Souza M, Fiaccadori FS, Cardoso DD. Monitoring the circulation of rotavirus among children after the introduction of the Rotarix™ vaccine in Goiânia, Brazil. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 106(4), 499–501 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luchs A, Morillo SG, Ribeiro CD et al. Gastroenteritis outbreak due to G2P[4] rotavirus and GII norovirus at two correctional facilities in Brazil, 2010. J. Clin. Virol. 51(3), 213–214 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Justino MC, Linhares AC, Lanzieri TM et al. Effectiveness of the monovalent G1P[8] human rotavirus vaccine against hospitalization for severe G2P[4] rotavirus gastroenteritis in Belem, Brazil. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 30(5), 396–401 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carvalho-Costa FA, Volotão Ede M, de Assis RM et al. Laboratory-based rotavirus surveillance during the introduction of a vaccination program, Brazil, 2005–2009. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 30(Suppl. 1), S35–S41 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leite JP, Carvalho-Costa FA, Linhares AC. Group A rotavirus genotypes and the ongoing Brazilian experience: a review. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 103(8), 745–753 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carvalho-Costa FA, Araújo IT, Santos de Assis RM et al. Rotavirus genotype distribution after vaccine introduction, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 15(1), 95–97 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fumian TM, Leite JP, Rose TL, Prado T, Miagostovich MP. One year environmental surveillance of rotavirus species A (RVA) genotypes in circulation after the introduction of the Rotarix® vaccine in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Water Res. 45(17), 5755–5763 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Hasing ME, Trueba G, Baquero MI et al. Rapid changes in rotaviral genotypes in Ecuador. J. Med. Virol. 81(12), 2109–2113 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Martinez M, Amarilla AA, Galeano ME et al. Predominance of rotavirus G2P[4] and emergence of G12P[9] strains in Asuncion, Paraguay, 2006–2007. Arch. Virol. 155(4), 525–533 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Stupka JA, Carvalho P, Amarilla AA, Massana M, Parra GI; Argentinean National Surveillance Network for Diarrheas. National Rotavirus Surveillance in Argentina: high incidence of G9P[8] strains and detection of G4P[6] strains with porcine characteristics. Infect. Genet. Evol. 9(6), 1225–1231 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Esteban LE, Rota RP, Gentsch JR et al. Molecular epidemiology of group A rotavirus in Buenos Aires, Argentina 2004–2007: reemergence of G2P[4] and emergence of G9P[8] strains. J. Med. Virol. 82(6), 1083–1093 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeller M, Heylen E, Neels P, De Coster S, Van Ranst M, Matthijnssens J. Rotavirus genotype distribution in Belgium: 5 years after vaccine introduction. Presented at: 30th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Paediatrics Infectious Diseases. Thessaloniki, Greece, 8–12 May 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Hanquet G, Ducoffre G, Vergison A et al. Impact of rotavirus vaccination on laboratory confirmed cases in Belgium. Vaccine 29(29–30), 4698–4703 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iturriza-Gómara M, Dallman T, Bányai K et al. Rotavirus surveillance in europe, 2005–2008: web-enabled reporting and real-time analysis of genotyping and epidemiological data. J. Infect. Dis. 200(Suppl. 1), S215–S221 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Franco MA, Angel J, Greenberg HB. Immunity and correlates of protection for rotavirus vaccines. Vaccine 24(15), 2718–2731 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vesikari T, Karvonen AV, Majuri J et al. Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of 2 doses of bovine-human (UK) and rhesus-rhesus-human rotavirus reassortant tetravalent vaccines in Finnish children. J. Infect. Dis. 194(3), 370–376 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein DI, Kacica MA, McNeal MM, Schiff GM, Ward RL. Local and systemic antibody response to rotavirus WC3 vaccine in adult volunteers. Antiviral Res. 12(5–6), 293–300 (1989).
   Google Scholar
• Arias CF, López S, Mascarenhas JD et al. Neutralizing antibody immune response in children with primary and secondary rotavirus infections. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 1(1), 89–94 (1994).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rolland M, Tovanabutra S, deCamp AC et al. Genetic impact of vaccination on breakthrough HIV-1 sequences from the STEP trial. Nat. Med. 17(3), 366–371 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escorcia M, Vázquez L, Méndez ST, Rodríguez-Ropón A, Lucio E, Nava GM. Avian influenza: genetic evolution under vaccination pressure. Virol. J. 5, 15 (2008).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cecchinato M, Catelli E, Lupini C et al. Avian metapneumovirus (AMPV) attachment protein involvement in probable virus evolution concurrent with mass live vaccine introduction. Vet. Microbiol. 146(1–2), 24–34 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakagomi T, Cuevas LE, Gurgel RG et al. Apparent extinction of non-G2 rotavirus strains from circulation in Recife, Brazil, after the introduction of rotavirus vaccine. Arch. Virol. 153(3), 591–593 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayard V, DeAntonio R, Contreras R et al. Impact of rotavirus vaccination on childhood gastroenteritis-related mortality and hospital discharges in Panama. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 16(2), e94–e98 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• do Carmo GM, Yen C, Cortes J et al. Decline in diarrhea mortality and admissions after routine childhood rotavirus immunization in Brazil: a time-series analysis. PLoS Med. 8(4), e1001024 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desai R, de Oliveira LH, Parashar UD, Lopman B, Tate JE, Patel MM. Reduction in morbidity and mortality from childhood diarrhoeal disease after species A rotavirus vaccine introduction in Latin America – a review. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 106(8), 907–911 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurgel RQ, Ilozue C, Correia JB, Centenari C, Oliveira SM, Cuevas LE. Impact of rotavirus vaccination on diarrhoea mortality and hospital admissions in Brazil. Trop. Med. Int. Health 16(9), 1180–1184 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vos B, Han HH, Bouckenooghe A et al. Live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine, RIX4414, provides clinical protection in infants against rotavirus strains with and without shared G and P genotypes: integrated analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 28(4), 261–266 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armah GE, Sow SO, Breiman RF et al. Efficacy of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants in developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 376(9741), 606–614 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tate JE, Patel MM, Cortese MM et al. Remaining issues and challenges for rotavirus vaccine in preventing global childhood diarrheal morbidity and mortality. Expert Rev. Vaccines 11(2), 211–220 (2012).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rippinger CM, Patton JT, McDonald SM. Complete genome sequence analysis of candidate human rotavirus vaccine strains RV3 and 116E. Virology 405(1), 201–213 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapikian AZ, Simonsen L, Vesikari T et al. A hexavalent human rotavirus-bovine rotavirus (UK) reassortant vaccine designed for use in developing countries and delivered in a schedule with the potential to eliminate the risk of intussusception. J. Infect. Dis. 192(Suppl. 1), S22–S29 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar