Different Case Finding Approaches to Optimise COPD Diagnosis: Evidence from the RADICALS Trial

References

• GOLD Science Committee. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2023 Report[OL]. GOLD Science Committee; 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Barnes PJ. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a growing but neglected global epidemic. PLoS Med. 2007;4(5):e112. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World health Organization. World Health Statistics 2008. World Health Organization; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• McDonald CF, Glasgow N. The Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) Study in Australia. Australasian Medical Association; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Toelle BG, Xuan W, Bird TE, et al. Respiratory symptoms and illness in older Australians: the burden of obstructive lung disease (BOLD) study. Med J Aust. 2013;198(3):144–148. doi:10.5694/mja11.11640
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diab N, Gershon AS, Sin DD, et al. Underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;198(9):1130–1139. doi:10.1164/rccm.201804-0621CI
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calverley PM. COPD: early detection and intervention. Chest. 2000;117(5):365S–371S. doi:10.1378/chest.117.5_suppl_2.365S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang J, Abramson MJ, Zwar NA, et al. Diagnosing COPD and supporting smoking cessation in general practice: evidence–practice gaps. Med J Aust. 2018;208(1):29–34. doi:10.5694/mja17.00664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho T, Cusack RP, Chaudhary N, Satia I, Kurmi OP. Under-and over-diagnosis of COPD: a global perspective. Breathe. 2019;15(1):24–35. doi:10.1183/20734735.0346-2018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haroon SM, Jordan RE, O’Beirne-Elliman J, Adab P. Effectiveness of case finding strategies for COPD in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2015;25(1):1–9. doi:10.1038/npjpcrm.2015.56
   Google Scholar
• Frith P, Crockett A, Beilby J, et al. Simplified COPD screening: validation of the PiKo-6® in primary care. Prim Care Respir Med. 2011;20(2):190–198. doi:10.4104/pcrj.2011.00040
   Google Scholar
• Kjeldgaard P, Lykkegaard J, Spillemose H, Ulrik CS. Multicenter study of the COPD-6 screening device: feasible for early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care? Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2017;12:2323–2331. doi:10.2147/COPD.S136244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altan G, Kutlu Y, Allahverdi N. Deep learning on computerized analysis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. 2019;24(5):1344–1350. doi:10.1109/JBHI.2019.2931395
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gökçen A. Computer-aided diagnosis system for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using empirical wavelet transform on auscultation sounds. Comp J. 2021;64(11):1775–1783. doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxaa191
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altan G, Kutlu Y, Pekmezci AÖ, Nural S. Deep learning with 3D-second order difference plot on respiratory sounds. Biomed Signal Process Control. 2018;45:58–69. doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2018.05.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altan G, Kutlu Y, Pekmezci AÖ, Yayık A. Diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using deep extreme learning machines with LU autoencoder kernel. Paper presented at: 7th International Conference on Advanced Technologies (ICAT’18); 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Altan G, Kutlu Y, Gökçen A. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease severity analysis using deep learning on multi-channel lung sounds. Turk J Electr Eng. 2020;28(5):2979–2996. doi:10.3906/elk-2004-68
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labor M, Vrbica Ž, Gudelj I, Labor S, Plavec D. Diagnostic accuracy of a pocket screening spirometer in diagnosing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in general practice: a cross sectional validation study using tertiary care as a reference. BMC Fam Pract. 2016;17:1–11. doi:10.1186/s12875-016-0518-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen G, Jiang L, Wang L, Zhang W, Castillo C, Fang X. The accuracy of a handheld “disposable pneumotachograph device” in the spirometric diagnosis of airway obstruction in a Chinese population. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2018;2351–2360. doi:10.2147/COPD.S168583
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhatt SP, Y-i K, Wells JM, et al. FEV1/FEV6 to diagnose airflow obstruction. Comparisons with computed tomography and morbidity indices. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2014;11(3):335–341. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201308-251OC
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lung Foundation of Australia. Position Paper: COPD case finding in community settings; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Siu AL, Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, et al. Screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: US preventive services task force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2016;315(13):1372–1377. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.2638
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dabscheck E, George J, Hermann K, et al. COPD‐X Australian guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: 2022 update. Med J Aust. 2022;217(8):415–423. doi:10.5694/mja2.51708
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrie K, Toelle BG, Wood-Baker R, et al. Undiagnosed and misdiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: data from the BOLD Australia study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2021;16:467–475. doi:10.2147/COPD.S287172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vestbo J, Lange P. Accuracy of airflow obstruction thresholds for predicting COPD-Related hospitalization and mortality: can simple diagnostic thresholds be used for a complex disease? JAMA. 2019;321(24):2412–2413. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.6584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, et al. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(2):319–338. doi:10.1183/09031936.05.00034805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang J, Abramson MJ, Zwar N, et al. Interdisciplinary model of care (RADICALS) for early detection and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Australian primary care: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ open. 2017;7(9):e016985. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016985
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorn J, Tilling B, Lisspers K, Jörgensen L, Stenling A, Stratelis G. Improved prediction of COPD in at-risk patients using lung function pre-screening in primary care: a real-life study and cost-effectiveness analysis. Prim Care Respir Med. 2012;21(2):159–166. doi:10.4104/pcrj.2011.00104
   Google Scholar
• Bellia V, Sorino C, Catalano F, et al. Validation of FEV6 in the elderly: correlates of performance and repeatability. Thorax. 2008;63(1):60–66. doi:10.1136/thx.2007.080572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardie J, Buist AS, Vollmer W, Ellingsen I, Bakke P, Mørkve O. Risk of over-diagnosis of COPD in asymptomatic elderly never-smokers. Eur Respir J. 2002;20(5):1117–1122. doi:10.1183/09031936.02.00023202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Götschi T, Heinrich J, Sunyer J, Künzli N. Long-term effects of ambient air pollution on lung function: a review. Epidemiology. 2008;19:690–701. doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e318181650f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scanlon PD, Connett JE, Waller LA, et al. Smoking cessation and lung function in mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the Lung Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161(2):381–390. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.161.2.9901044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotz D, Nelemans P, Van Schayck C, Wesseling G. External validation of a COPD diagnostic questionnaire. Eur Respir J. 2008;31(2):298–303. doi:10.1183/09031936.00074307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çolak Y, Nordestgaard BG, Vestbo J, Lange P, Afzal S. Comparison of five major airflow limitation criteria to identify high-risk individuals with COPD: a contemporary population-based cohort. Thorax. 2020;75(11):944–954. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-214559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turkeshi E, Vaes B, Andreeva E, et al. Airflow limitation by the Global Lungs Initiative equations in a cohort of very old adults. Eur Respir J. 2015;46(1):123–132. doi:10.1183/09031936.00217214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vollmer WM, Gíslason Þ, Burney P, et al. Comparison of spirometry criteria for the diagnosis of COPD: results from the BOLD study. Eur Respir J. 2009;34(3):588–597. doi:10.1183/09031936.00164608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Dijk W, Tan W, Li P, et al. Clinical relevance of fixed ratio vs lower limit of normal of FEV1/FVC in COPD: patient-reported outcomes from the CanCOLD cohort. Ann Fam Med. 2015;13(1):41–48. doi:10.1370/afm.1714
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Güder G, Brenner S, Angermann CE, et al. GOLD or lower limit of normal definition? A comparison with expert-based diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a prospective cohort-study. Respir Res. 2012;13:1–9. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-13-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikulski MA, Gerke AK, Lourens S, et al. Agreement between fixed-ratio and lower limit of normal spirometry interpretation protocols decreases with age. J Occup Environ Med. 2013;55(7):802–808. doi:10.1097/JOM.0b013e31828b22cc
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meteran H, Miller MR, Thomsen SF, Christensen K, Sigsgaard T, Backer V. The impact of different spirometric definitions on the prevalence of airway obstruction and their association with respiratory symptoms. ERJ Open Res. 2017;3(4):00110–2017. doi:10.1183/23120541.00110-2017
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Brusasco V, et al. Interpretative strategies for lung function tests. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(5):948–968. doi:10.1183/09031936.05.00035205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Izbicki G, Teo V, Liang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of patients with asthma COPD overlap (ACO) in Australian primary care. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2019;14:2745–2752. doi:10.2147/COPD.S220346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar