Development of a Nomogram for Estimating the Risk of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

References

• Ibrahim EH, Dennison J, Frank L, Stojanovska J. Diastolic cardiac function by MRI-imaging capabilities and clinical applications. Tomography. 2021;7(4):893–914. doi:10.3390/tomography7040075
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morbach C, Wanner C, Störk S. [Update on diastolic heart failure]. Internist. 2022. doi:10.1007/s00108-022-01286-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grigorescu ED, Lacatusu CM, Floria M, Mihai BM, Cretu I, Sorodoc L. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes-progress and perspectives. Diagnostics. 2019;9(3):121. doi:10.3390/diagnostics9030121
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beladan CC, Botezatu S, Popescu BA. Reversible left ventricular diastolic dysfunction-overview and clinical implications. Echocardiography. 2020;37(11):1957–1966. doi:10.1111/echo.14838
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herszkowicz N, Barbato A, Salvi W, et al. Contribution of Doppler echocardiography to the evaluation of systolic and diastolic function of obese women versus a control group. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2001;76(3):189–196. doi:10.1590/s0066-782x2001000300002
   Google Scholar
• Wong CY, O’Moore-Sullivan T, Leano R, Byrne N, Beller E, Marwick TH. Alterations of left ventricular myocardial characteristics associated with obesity. Circulation. 2004;110(19):3081–3087. doi:10.1161/01.Cir.0000147184.13872.0f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo C, Jin Z, Homma S, et al. Effect of obesity and overweight on left ventricular diastolic function: a community-based study in an elderly cohort. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(12):1368–1374. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.10.042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poirier P, Giles TD, Bray GA, et al. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: pathophysiology, evaluation, and effect of weight loss: an update of the 1997 American Heart Association Scientific Statement on Obesity and Heart Disease from the Obesity Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation. 2006;113(6):898–918. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.171016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park HE, Choi SY, Kim M. Association of epicardial fat with left ventricular diastolic function in subjects with metabolic syndrome: assessment using 2-dimensional echocardiography. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2014;14:3. doi:10.1186/1471-2261-14-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browning JD, Szczepaniak LS, Dobbins R, et al. Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in an urban population in the United States: impact of ethnicity. Hepatology. 2004;40(6):1387–1395. doi:10.1002/hep.20466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pouwels S, Sakran N, Graham Y, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a review of pathophysiology, clinical management and effects of weight loss. BMC Endocr Disord. 2022;22(1):63. doi:10.1186/s12902-022-00980-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lonardo A, Sookoian S, Pirola CJ, Targher G. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of cardiovascular disease. Metabolism. 2016;65(8):1136–1150. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.09.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne CD, Targher G. NAFLD: a multisystem disease. J Hepatol. 2015;62(1, Supplement):S47–S64. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.12.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VanWagner LB, Wilcox JE, Colangelo LA, et al. Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with subclinical myocardial remodeling and dysfunction: a population-based study. Hepatology. 2015;62(3):773–783. doi:10.1002/hep.27869
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petta S, Argano C, Colomba D, et al. Epicardial fat, cardiac geometry and cardiac function in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: association with the severity of liver disease. J Hepatol. 2015;62(4):928–933. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.11.030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nseir W, Hellou E, Assy N. Role of diet and lifestyle changes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(28):9338–9344. doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i28.9338
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rider OJ, Francis JM, Ali MK, et al. Beneficial cardiovascular effects of bariatric surgical and dietary weight loss in obesity. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54(8):718–726. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.02.086
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luaces M, Cachofeiro V, García-Muñoz-Najar A, et al. Anatomical and functional alterations of the heart in morbid obesity. Changes after bariatric surgery. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2012;65(1):14–21. doi:10.1016/j.recesp.2011.06.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Association for the Study of The Liver, European Association for the Study of Diabetes. EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical practice guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabetologia. 2016;59(6):1121–1140. doi:10.1007/s00125-016-3902-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, et al. The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association. Hepatology. 2012;55(6):2005–2023. doi:10.1002/hep.25762
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. The Asia-Pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its treatment; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Flüchter S, Haghi D, Dinter D, et al. Volumetric assessment of epicardial adipose tissue with cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Obesity. 2007;15(4):870–878. doi:10.1038/oby.2007.591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dey D, Wong ND, Tamarappoo B, et al. Computer-aided non-contrast CT-based quantification of pericardial and thoracic fat and their associations with coronary calcium and Metabolic Syndrome. Atherosclerosis. 2010;209(1):136–141. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.08.032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, et al. Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography’s Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2005;18(12):1440–1463. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2005.10.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagueh SF, Smiseth OA, Appleton CP, et al. Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;17(12):1321–1360. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jew082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tibshirani R. Regression shrinkage and selection via the lasso. J R Stat Soc Series B. 1996;58(1):267–288. doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x
   Google Scholar
• Granér M, Nyman K, Siren R, et al. Ectopic fat depots and left ventricular function in nondiabetic men with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8(1). doi:10.1161/circimaging.114.001979
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazurek T, Zhang L, Zalewski A, et al. Human epicardial adipose tissue is a source of inflammatory mediators. Circulation. 2003;108(20):2460–2466. doi:10.1161/01.Cir.0000099542.57313.C5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mak GJ, Ledwidge MT, Watson CJ, et al. Natural history of markers of collagen turnover in patients with early diastolic dysfunction and impact of eplerenone. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54(18):1674–1682. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.08.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenstein AS, Khavandi K, Withers SB, et al. Local inflammation and hypoxia abolish the protective anticontractile properties of perivascular fat in obese patients. Circulation. 2009;119(12):1661–1670. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.821181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silberman GA, Fan TH, Liu H, et al. Uncoupled cardiac nitric oxide synthase mediates diastolic dysfunction. Circulation. 2010;121(4):519–528. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.883777
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Löhn M, Dubrovska G, Lauterbach B, Luft FC, Gollasch M, Sharma AM. Periadventitial fat releases a vascular relaxing factor. FASEB J. 2002;16(9):1057–1063. doi:10.1096/fj.02-0024com
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong CX, Ganesan AN, Selvanayagam JB. Epicardial fat and atrial fibrillation: current evidence, potential mechanisms, clinical implications, and future directions. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(17):1294–1302. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw045
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ansaldo AM, Montecucco F, Sahebkar A, Dallegri F, Carbone F. Epicardial adipose tissue and cardiovascular diseases. Int J Cardiol. 2019;278:254–260. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.09.089
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavalcante JL, Tamarappoo BK, Hachamovitch R, et al. Association of epicardial fat, hypertension, subclinical coronary artery disease, and metabolic syndrome with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Am J Cardiol. 2012;110(12):1793–1798. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.07.045
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng X, Wang W, Zhang K, et al. Epicardial adipose tissue volume is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk factors in the general population. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2018;14:1499–1506. doi:10.2147/tcrm.S168345
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenny HC, Abel ED. Heart failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus: impact of glucose-lowering agents, heart failure therapies, and novel therapeutic strategies. Circ Res. 2019;124(1):121–141. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.311371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman JD, Schwartzbard AZ, Weintraub HS, Goldberg IJ, Berger JS. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(7):883–893. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadruz W, Shah AM, Solomon SD. Diastolic dysfunction and hypertension. Med Clin. 2017;101(1):7–17. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2016.08.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar