Elevated CTSL Gene Expression Correlated with Proinflammatory Cytokines in Omental Adipose Tissue of Patients with Obesity

References

• Abarca-Gómez L, Abdeen ZA, Hamid ZA, et al. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet. 2017;390(10113):2627–2642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alharbi KK, Alshammary AF, Aljabri OS, Ali Khan I. Relationship Between Serum Amyloid A1 (SAA1) Gene Polymorphisms Studies with Obesity in the Saudi Population. Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome Obesity. 2021;14:895–900.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan XF, Wang L, Pan A. Epidemiology and determinants of obesity in China. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;9(6):373–392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lumeng CN, Saltiel AR. Inflammatory links between obesity and metabolic disease. J Clin Invest. 2011;121(6):2111–2117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heymsfield SB, Wadden TA. Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Management of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(3):254–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutkowski JM, Stern JH, Scherer PE. The cell biology of fat expansion. J Cell Biol. 2015;208(5):501–512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu H, Ballantyne CM. Metabolic Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Obesity. Circ Res. 2020;126(11):1549–1564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karczewski J, Sledzinska E, Baturo A, et al. Obesity and inflammation. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2018;29(3):83–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Namkoong S, Cho CS, Semple I, Lee JH. Autophagy Dysregulation and Obesity-Associated Pathologies. Mol Cells. 2018;41(1):3–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizunoe Y, Sudo Y, Okita N, et al. Involvement of lysosomal dysfunction in autophagosome accumulation and early pathologies in adipose tissue of obese mice. Autophagy. 2017;13(4):642–653.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meijer AJ, Codogno P. Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004;36(12):2445–2462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizunoe Y, Kobayashi M, Tagawa R, Nakagawa Y, Shimano H, Higami Y. Association between Lysosomal Dysfunction and Obesity-Related Pathology: a Key Knowledge to Prevent Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20:15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaminskyy V, Zhivotovsky B. Proteases in autophagy. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012;1824(1):44–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwake M, Schröder B, Saftig P. Lysosomal membrane proteins and their central role in physiology. Traffic. 2013;14(7):739–748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gornicka A, Fettig J, Eguchi A, et al. Adipocyte hypertrophy is associated with lysosomal permeability both in vivo and in vitro: role in adipose tissue inflammation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2012;303(5):E597–606.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannaford J, Guo H, Chen X. Involvement of cathepsins B and L in inflammation and cholesterol trafficking protein NPC2 secretion in macrophages. Obesity. 2013;21(8):1586–1595.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu Q, Mariman ECM, Goossens GH, Blaak EE, Jocken JWE. Cathepsin gene expression in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese/overweight humans. Adipocyte. 2020;9(1):246–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engin A. The Pathogenesis of Obesity-Associated Adipose Tissue Inflammation. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;960:221–245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kralova Lesna I, Kralova A, Cejkova S, et al. Characterisation and comparison of adipose tissue macrophages from human subcutaneous, visceral and p erivascular adipose tissue. J Transl Med. 2016;14(1):208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng T, Cai Y, Chen L. The Effectiveness of Bariatric Surgery for Chinese Obesity in 2 Years: a Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. J Investigative Surgery. 2017;30(5):332–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alshammary AF, Khan IA. Screening of Obese Offspring of First-Cousin Consanguineous Subjects for the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene with a 287-bp Alu Sequence. J Obesity Metabolic Syndrome. 2021;30(1):63–71.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose a nd insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 1985;28(7):412–419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy D, Tomo S, Modi A, Purohit P, Sharma P. Optimising total RNA quality and quantity by phenol-chloroform extraction method from human visceral adipose tissue: a standardisation study. MethodsX. 2020;7:101113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González-Muniesa P, Marrades MP, Martínez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Differential proinflammatory and oxidative stress response and vulnerability to metabolic syndrome in habitual high-fat young male consumers putatively predisposed by their genetic background. Int J Mol Sci. 2013;14(9):17238–17255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felbor U, Kessler B, Mothes W, et al. Neuronal loss and brain atrophy in mice lacking cathepsins B and L. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;99(12):7883–7888.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietrocola F, Bravo-San Pedro JM. Targeting Autophagy to Counteract Obesity-Associated Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants. 2021;10:1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh R, Cuervo AM. Lipophagy: connecting autophagy and lipid metabolism. Int J Cell Biol. 2012;2012:282041.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mizunoe Y, Kobayashi M, Hoshino S, et al. Cathepsin B overexpression induces degradation of perilipin 1 to cause lipid metabolism dysfunction in adipocytes. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):634.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong WPS, Altemus JB, Hester JF, et al. Cathepsin B is a novel gender-dependent determinant of cholesterol absorption from the intestine. J Lipid Res. 2013;54(3):816–822.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hotamisligil GS. Inflammation, metaflammation and immunometabolic disorders. Nature. 2017;542(7640):177–185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stienstra R, Tack CJ, Kanneganti TD, Joosten LA, Netea MG. The inflammasome puts obesity in the danger zone. Cell Metab. 2012;15(1):10–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonioli L, Moriconi D, Masi S, et al. Differential Impact of Weight Loss and Glycemic Control on Inflammasome Signaling. Obesity. 2020;28(3):609–615.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biasizzo M, Kopitar-Jerala N. Interplay Between NLRP3 Inflammasome and Autophagy. Front Immunol. 2020;11:591803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris J, Hartman M, Roche C, et al. Autophagy controls IL-1beta secretion by targeting pro-IL-1beta for degradation. J Biol Chem. 2011;286(11):9587–9597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang TT, Lv LL, Pan MM, et al. Hydroxychloroquine attenuates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting cathepsin mediated NLRP 3 inflammasome activation. Cell Death Dis. 2018;9(3):351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duewell P, Kono H, Rayner KJ, et al. NLRP3 inflammasomes are required for atherogenesis and activated by cholesterol crystals. Nature. 2010;464(7293):1357–1361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer C, Duewell P, Mayer C, et al. Colitis induced in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) is mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome. Gut. 2010;59(9):1192–1199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campden RI, Zhang Y. The role of lysosomal cysteine cathepsins in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2019;670:32–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravanan P, Srikumar IF, Talwar P. Autophagy: the spotlight for cellular stress responses. Life Sci. 2017;188:53–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh AK, Mau T, O’Brien M, Garg S, Yung R. Impaired autophagy activity is linked to elevated ER-stress and inflammation in aging adipose tissue. Aging. 2016;8(10):2525–2537.
   Google Scholar
• Oelschlaegel D, Weiss Sadan T, Salpeter S, et al. Cathepsin Inhibition Modulates Metabolism and Polarization of Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Cancers. 2020;12(9):548.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerber A, Welte T, Ansorge S, Bhling F. Expression of cathepsins B and L in human lung epithelial cells is regulated by cytokines. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2000;477:287–292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y, Li X, Boini KM, et al. Endothelial Nlrp3 inflammasome activation associated with lysosomal destabilization during coronary a rteritis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015;1853(2):396–408.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao S, Gong Z, Du X, et al. Deoxycholic Acid-Mediated Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 2 Signaling Exacerbates DSS-Induced Coliti s through Promoting Cathepsin B Release. J Immunol Res. 2018;2018:2481418.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fortelny N, Cox JH, Kappelhoff R, et al. Network analyses reveal pervasive functional regulation between proteases in the human protease web. PLoS Biol. 2014;12(5):e1001869.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar