Analysis of Blood Pressure and Ventilation Efficiency in Different Types of Obesity Aged 40–60 Years by Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test

References

• Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA. 2003;289(1):76–79. doi:10.1001/jama.289.1.76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyatt HR. The prevalence of obesity. Prim Care. 2003;30(2):267–279. doi:10.1016/S0095-4543(03)00006-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Sendi AM, Shetty P, Musaiger AO. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Bahraini adolescents: a comparison between three different sets of criteria. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57(3):471–474. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601560
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillison FB, Killen V, Grey EB, Standage M, Watson D, Kremers SPJ. Influence of obesity prevalence on social norms and weight control motivation: a cross-sectional comparison of the Netherlands and the UK. Psychol Health Med. 2022;27(5):987–998. doi:10.1080/13548506.2020.1829654
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014;384(9945):766–781. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng Q, Li N, Pan XF, Chen L, Pan A. Clinical management and treatment of obesity in China. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;9(6):393–405. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00047-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross R, Neeland IJ, Yamashita S, et al. Waist circumference as a vital sign in clinical practice: a consensus statement from the IAS and ICCR Working Group on Visceral Obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020;16(3):177–189. doi:10.1038/s41574-019-0310-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Q, Li L, Yi J, et al. Waist circumference increases risk of coronary heart disease: evidence from a Mendelian randomization study. Mol Genet Genomic Med. 2020;8(4):e1186. doi:10.1002/mgg3.1186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franco V. Cardiopulmonary exercise test in chronic heart failure: beyond peak oxygen consumption. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2011;8(1):45–50. doi:10.1007/s11897-010-0042-4
   Google Scholar
• Correale M, Passero T, Totaro A, et al. Cardiopulmonary exercise test predicts sustained ventricular arrhythmias in chronic heart failure. Neth Heart J. 2013;21(1):36–43. doi:10.1007/s12471-012-0339-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agostoni P, Dumitrescu D. How to perform and report a cardiopulmonary exercise test in patients with chronic heart failure. Int J Cardiol. 2019;288:107–113. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.04.053
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levett DZH, Jack S, Swart M, et al. Perioperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET): consensus clinical guidelines on indications, organization, conduct, and physiological interpretation. Br J Anaesth. 2018;120(3):484–500. doi:10.1016/j.bja.2017.10.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruchala-Niedoszytko M, Niedoszytko P, Kaczkan M, et al. Cardiopulmonary exercise test and bioimpedance as prediction tools to predict the outcomes of obesity treatment. Polish Archiv Internal Med. 2019;129(4):225–233. doi:10.20452/pamw.4480
   Google Scholar
• Guazzi M, Adams V, Conraads V, et al. EACPR/AHA scientific statement. Clinical recommendations for cardiopulmonary exercise testing data assessment in specific patient populations. Circulation. 2012;126(18):2261–2274. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e31826fb946
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guazzi M, Arena R, Halle M, Piepoli MF, Myers J, Lavie CJ. 2016 focused update: clinical recommendations for cardiopulmonary exercise testing data assessment in specific patient populations. Circulation. 2016;133(24):e694–e711. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ito K, Iwane M, Miyai N, et al. Exaggerated exercise blood pressure response in middle-aged men as a predictor of future blood pressure: a 10-year follow-up. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2016;38(8):696–700. doi:10.1080/10641963.2016.1200597
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Thoracic S; American College of Chest P. ATS/ACCP statement on cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;167(2):211–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward SA. Ventilation/carbon dioxide output relationships during exercise in health. Eur Respir Rev. 2021;30(160):200160. doi:10.1183/16000617.0160-2020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abrantes MM, Lamounier JA, Colosimo EA. Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade nas regiões Nordeste e Sudeste do Brasil [Overweight and obesity prevalence in Northeast and Southeast Regions of Brazil]. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2003;49(2):162–166. Portuguese. doi:10.1590/S0104-42302003000200034
   Google Scholar
• Daumit GL, Clark JM, Steinwachs DM, Graham CM, Lehman A, Ford DE. Prevalence and correlates of obesity in a community sample of individuals with severe and persistent mental illness. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2003;191(12):799–805. doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000100923.20188.2d
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayedi A, Soltani S, Zargar MS, Khan TA, Shab-Bidar S. Central fatness and risk of all cause mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 72 prospective cohort studies. BMJ. 2020;370:m3324. doi:10.1136/bmj.m3324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White RD, Evans CH. Performing the exercise test. Prim Care. 2001;28(1):29–53,vi. doi:10.1016/S0095-4543(05)70006-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry NC, Manyoo A, Oldham WM, et al. Protocol for exercise hemodynamic assessment: performing an invasive cardiopulmonary exercise test in clinical practice. Pulm Circ. 2015;5(4):610–618. doi:10.1086/683815
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaab T, Taube C. Practical guide to cardiopulmonary exercise testing in adults. Respir Res. 2022;23(1):9. doi:10.1186/s12931-021-01895-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbons RJ, Balady GJ, Beasley JW, et al. ACC/AHA Guidelines for Exercise Testing. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Exercise Testing). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30(1):260–311. doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(97)00150-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbons RJ, Balady GJ, Bricker JT, et al. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for exercise testing: summary article. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1997 Exercise Testing Guidelines). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40(8):1531–1540. doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(02)02164-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albouaini K, Egred M, Alahmar A, Wright DJ. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and its application. Postgrad Med J. 2007;83(985):675–682. doi:10.1136/hrt.2007.121558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Zou J, Qian Y, et al. The association between obesity indices and obstructive sleep apnea is modified by age in a sex-specific manner. Sleep Breath. 2021;25(1):189–197. doi:10.1007/s11325-020-02083-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Japas C, Knutsen S, Dehom S, Dos Santos H, Tonstad S. Body mass index gain between ages 20 and 40 years and lifestyle characteristics of men at ages 40–60 years: the Adventist Health Study-2. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2014;8(6):e549–e557. doi:10.1016/j.orcp.2013.11.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mir IA, Soni R, Srivastav SK, et al. Obesity as an important marker of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cureus. 2022;14(1):e21403. doi:10.7759/cureus.21403
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akter R, Nessa A, Husain MF, et al. Effect of obesity on fasting blood sugar. Mymensingh Med J. 2017;26(1):7–11.
   Google Scholar
• Golay A, Ybarra J. Link between obesity and type 2 diabetes. Best Pract Res. 2005;19(4):649–663. doi:10.1016/j.beem.2005.07.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stadler JT, Marsche G. Obesity-related changes in high-density lipoprotein metabolism and function. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(23). doi:10.3390/ijms21238985
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park HK, Hwang JS, Moon JS, Lee JA, Kim DH, Lim JS. Healthy range of serum alanine aminotransferase and its predictive power for cardiovascular risk in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;56(6):686–691. doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e31828b4e67
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis GF, O’Meara NM, Soltys PA, et al. Postprandial lipoprotein metabolism in normal and obese subjects: comparison after the vitamin A fat-loading test. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990;71(4):1041–1050. doi:10.1210/jcem-71-4-1041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-Dov I, Grossman E, Stein A, Shachor D, Gaides M. Marked weight reduction lowers resting and exercise blood pressure in morbidly obese subjects. Am J Hypertens. 2000;13(3):251–255. doi:10.1016/S0895-7061(99)00190-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seravalle G, Grassi G. Obesity and hypertension. Pharmacol Res. 2017;122:1–7. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryan S, Saint-Pierre Larose M, Campbell N, Clarke J, Tremblay MS. Resting blood pressure and heart rate measurement in the Canadian Health Measures Survey, cycle 1. Health Rep. 2010;21(1):71–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagaya T, Yoshida H, Takahashi H, Kawai M. Resting heart rate and blood pressure, independent of each other, proportionally raise the risk for type-2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39(1):215–222. doi:10.1093/ije/dyp229
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green S, Egana M, Baldi JC, Lamberts R, Regensteiner JG. Cardiovascular control during exercise in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Res. 2015;2015:654204. doi:10.1155/2015/654204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chockalingam A, Linden MA, Dellsperger KC, Thomas TR. Correlation of normal diastolic cardiac function with VO in the metabolic syndrome. Prev Cardiol. 2009;12(3):163–168. doi:10.1111/j.1751-7141.2009.00027.x
   Google Scholar
• Grassi G, Dell’Oro R, Facchini A, Quarti TF, Bolla GB, Mancia G. Effect of central and peripheral body fat distribution on sympathetic and baroreflex function in obese normotensives. J Hypertens. 2004;22(12):2363–2369. doi:10.1097/00004872-200412000-00019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson PM, Tuomilehto J, Ryden L. The metabolic syndrome - what is it and how should it be managed? Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019;26(2_suppl):33–46. doi:10.1177/2047487319886404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ponnalagu SD, Bi X, Henry CJ. Is waist circumference more strongly associated with metabolic risk factors than waist-to-height ratio in Asians? Nutrition. 2019;60:30–34. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2018.09.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacGowan GA, Janosko K, Cecchetti A, Murali S. Exercise-related ventilatory abnormalities and survival in congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79(9):1264–1266. doi:10.1016/S0002-9149(97)00097-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun XG, Hansen JE, Garatachea N, Storer TW, Wasserman K. Ventilatory efficiency during exercise in healthy subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(11):1443–1448. doi:10.1164/rccm.2202033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers J, Arena R, Oliveira RB, et al. The lowest VE/VCO2 ratio during exercise as a predictor of outcomes in patients with heart failure. J Card Fail. 2009;15(9):756–762. doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.05.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xi Q, Zhao Z, Liu Z, Ma X, Luo Q, Liu W. The lowest VE/VCO(2) ratio best identifies chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Thromb Res. 2014;134(6):1208–1213. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2014.09.025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akinci Ozyurek B, Savas Bozbas S, Aydinalp A, Bozbas H, Ulubay G. Value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Tuberk Toraks. 2019;67(2):102–107. doi:10.5578/tt.68200
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loe H, Rognmo O, Saltin B, Wisloff U, Lucia A. Aerobic capacity reference data in 3816 healthy men and women 20–90 years. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e64319. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma S, Elliott PM, Whyte G, et al. Utility of metabolic exercise testing in distinguishing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from physiologic left ventricular hypertrophy in athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36(3):864–870. doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(00)00816-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin CK, Lin CC. Work of breathing and respiratory drive in obesity. Respirology. 2012;17(3):402–411. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.02124.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar