424
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Serum Ferritin Levels and Other Associated Parameters with Diabetes Mellitus in Adult Patients Suffering from Beta Thalassemia Major

, , &
Pages 67-81 | Received 21 Sep 2022, Accepted 12 Jan 2023, Published online: 07 Feb 2023

References

  • Gamberini MR, Sanctis DV, Gilli G. Hypogonadism, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism: incidence and prevalence related to iron overload and chelation therapy in patients with thalassemia major followed from 1980 to 2007 in the Ferrara Centre. Ped Endocrinol Rev. 2008;6(1):158–169.
  • Maria IA, Dimitrios NK, Loukas A, et al. Liver, bone marrow, pancreas and pituitary gland iron overload in young and adult thalassemic patients: a T2 relaxometry study. Eur Radiol. 2007;17:3025–3030. doi:10.1007/s00330-007-0683-1
  • Papakonstantinou O, Ladis V, Kostaridou S, et al. The pancreas in beta -thalassemia major: MR imaging features and correlation with iron stores and glucose disturbances. Eur Radiol. 2007;6:1535–1543. doi:10.1007/s00330-006-0507-8
  • Palak YT, Neelaba KM, Chandrika GA. Assessment of iron overload in beta thalassemia major patients by serum ferritin level. Eur J Mol Clin Med. 2022;9:828–832.
  • Farmaki K, Angelopoulos N, Anagnostopoulos G, et al. Effect of enhanced iron chelation therapy on glucose metabolism in patients with beta-thalassaemia major. Br J Haematol. 2006;134:438–444. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06203.x
  • Chatterjee R, Bajoria R. New concept in natural history and management of diabetes mellitus in thalassemia major. Hemoglobin. 2009;33:S127–S130. doi:10.3109/09553000903347880
  • Messina MF, Lombardo F, Meo A, et al. Three-year prospective evaluation of glucose tolerance, beta-cell function and peripheral insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic patients with thalassemia major. J Endocrinol Invest. 2002;25:497–501. doi:10.1007/BF03345490
  • Platis O, Anagnostopoulos G, Farmaki K, et al. Glucose metabolism disorders improvement in patients with thalassemia major after 24–36 months of intensive chelation therapy. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2004;2:279–281.
  • Karuppiah D. Evaluation and management of diabetes in patients with thalassemia major. J Ceylon College Phys. 2015;46:39–41. doi:10.4038/jccp.v46i1-2.7749
  • American diabetes association ADA. Introduction: standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2018;2018(Suppl 1):S1–S2. doi:10.2337/dc18-Sint01
  • Frank QN. Body mass index: obesity, BMI, and health: a critical review. Nutr Today. 2015;3:117–128. doi:10.1097/NT.0000000000000092
  • Bordbar M, Bozorgi H, Saki F, et al. Prevalence of endocrine disorders and their associated factors in transfusion dependent thalassemia patients: a historical cohort study in southern Iran. J Endocrinol Invest. 2019;42:1467–1476. doi:10.1007/s40618-019-01072-z
  • Mowla A, Karimi M, Afrasiabi A, et al. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in beta-thalassemia patients with and without hepatitis C virus infection. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2004;2(Suppl 2):282–284.
  • Gamberini MR, Fortini M, Sanctis DV, et al. Diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in thalassaemia major: incidence, prevalence, risk factors and survival in patients followed in the Ferrara Center. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2004;2(Suppl 2):285–291.
  • Sharma A, Seth A, Chandra J, et al. Endocrinopathies in adolescents with thalassaemia major receiving oral iron chelation therapy. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2016;1:22–27. doi:10.1179/2046905514Y.0000000160
  • Sharma A, Arora E, Singh H. Hypersensitivity reaction with deferasirox. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2015;2:105–106. doi:10.4103/0976-500X.155491
  • Thuret I, Pondarre C, Loundou A, et al. Complications and treatment of patients with thalassemia in France: results of the National Registry. Haematologica. 2010;5:724–729. doi:10.3324/haematol.2009.018051
  • Ali B, Javad S, Daryoush R, et al. Diabetes mellitus in Thalassemia major patients: a report from the Southeast of Iran. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017;11(5):BC01–BC04. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2017/24762.9806
  • De Assis RA, Ribeiro AA, Kay FU, et al. Pancreatic iron stores assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in beta thalassemic patients. Eur J Radiol. 2012;81:1465–1470. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.03.077
  • Suvarna J, Ingle H, Deshmukh CT. Insulin resistance and beta cell function in chronically transfused patients of thalassemia major. Indian Pediatr. 2006;43:393–400.
  • Lu MY, Peng SS, Chang HH, et al. Cardiac iron measurement and iron chelation therapy in patients with beta thalassemia major: experience from Taiwan. Transfus Med. 2013;23:100–107. doi:10.1111/tme.12014
  • Noetzli LJ, Papudesi J, Coates TD, et al. Pancreatic iron loading predicts cardiac iron loading in thalassemia major. Blood. 2009;114:4021–4026. doi:10.1182/blood-2009-06-225615225615
  • Italian Working Group on Endocrine Complications in Non-endocrine Diseases 1995. Multicenter study on prevalence of endocrine complications in thalassemia major. Clin Endocrinol. 1995;42:581–586. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1995.tb02683.x
  • Nolan JJ, Faerch K. Estimating insulin sensitivity and beta cell function: perspectives from the modern pandemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2012;55:2863–2867. doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2684-0
  • Modell B, Khan M, Darlison M. Survival in beta-thalassemia major in the UK: data from the UK Thalassemia register. Lancet. 2000;355(9220):2051–2052. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02357-6
  • Fedele B, Rosa C, Paola B, et al. Complications pattern and burden of the disease in patients affected by beta-thalassemia major. Curr Med Res Opin. 2017;55:1525–1533. doi:10.1080/03007995.2017.1326890
  • Nimalie J, Perera NS, Mathews S, et al. Overview of endocrinopathies associated with beta-thalassemia major. Intern Med J. 2010;40:689–696. doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2010.02254.x
  • Kontoghiorghes GJ. A new era in iron chelation therapy: the design of optimal, individually adjusted iron chelation therapies for the complete removal of iron overload in thalassemia and other chronically transfused patients. Hemoglobin. 2009;33:332–338. doi:10.3109/03630260903217182
  • Hoffbrand AV, Gorman A, Laulicht M, et al. Improvement in iron status and liver function in patients with transfusional iron overload with long- term subcutaneous desferrioxamine. Lancet. 1979;1(8123):947–949. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(79)91721-5
  • Kontoghiorghes GJ, Aldouri MA, Hoffbrand VJ, et al. Effective chelation of iron in beta thalassemia with the oral chelator 1, 2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one. Br Med J. 1987;295:1509–1512. doi:10.2307/29529126
  • Kolnagou A, Economides E, Kontoghiorghes GJ, Kontoghiorghes GJ. Long term comparative studies in thalassemia patients treated with deferoxamine or deferoxamine/deferiprone combination. Identification of effective chelation therapy protocols. Hemoglobin. 2008;32:41–47. doi:10.1080/03630260701727085
  • Porter JB, Elalfy MS, Taher Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of deferasirox at low and high iron burdens: results from the EPIC magnetic resonance imaging sub-study. Ann Hematol. 2013;92:211–219. doi:10.1007/s00277-012-1588-x
  • Kolnagou A, Kleanthous M, Kontoghiorghes GJ. Reduction of body iron stores to normal range levels in thalassemia by using a deferiprone/deferoxamine combination and their maintenance thereafter by deferiprone monotherapy. Eur J Haematol. 2010;85:430–438. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0609.2010.01499.x
  • Farmaki KI, Tzoumari C, Pappa G, Berdoukas V, Berdoukas V. Normalization of total body iron load with very intensive combined chelation reverses cardiac and endocrine complications of thalassemia major. Br J Haematol. 2010;148:466–475. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.07970.x
  • Kolnagou A, Yazman D, Economides C, Eracleous E, Kontoghiorghes GJ. Uses and limitations of serum ferritin, magnetic resonance imaging T2 and T2* in the diagnosis of iron overload and in the ferrikinetics of normalization of the iron stores in thalassemia using the International Committee on Chelation deferiprone/deferoxamine combination protocol. Hemoglobin. 2009;33:312–322. doi:10.3109/03630260903213231
  • Anderson LJ, Holden S, Davis B, et al. Cardiovascular T2-star T2*. Magnetic resonance for the early diagnosis of myocardial iron overload. Eur Heart J. 2001;22:2171–2179. doi:10.1053/euhj.2001.2822
  • Pennell DJ. T2* magnetic resonance and myocardial iron in Thalassemia. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2005;1054:373–378. doi:10.1196/annals.1345.045
  • Kirk P, Roughton M, Porter JB, et al. Cardiac T2* magnetic resonance for prediction of cardiac complications in thalassemia major. Circulation. 2009;120:1961–1968. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.874487
  • Roghi A, Maria DC, John CW, et al. Absence of cardiac siderosis despite hepatic iron overload in Italian patients with thalassemia intermedia: an MRI T2* study. Ann Hematol. 2010;89:585–589. doi:10.1007/s00277-009-0879-3
  • Voskaridou E, Douskou M, Terpos E, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of iron overload in patients with beta thalassemia and sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol. 2004;126(5):736–742. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.05104.x
  • Zamani F, Razmjou S, Akhlaghpoor S, et al. T2* magnetic resonance imaging of the liver in thalassemic patients in Iran. World J Gastroenterol. 2011;17(4):522–525. doi:10.3748/wjg.v17.i4.522
  • Ibrahim K, Sandra A, Prem C, et al. Severe liver iron concentrations (LIC) in 24 patients with β-thalassemia major: correlations with serum ferritin, liver enzymes and endocrine complications. Mediterranean J Hematol Infectious Dis. 2018;10(1):1–8. doi:10.4084/MJHID.2018.062
  • Reihaneh ZR, Moien H, Mohaddeseh B, Dalir Y. T2‑weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance and echocardiographic arterial elasticity criteria for monitoring cardiac siderosis in patients with beta‑thalassemia major. Res Med Sci. 2022;27:1–5. doi:10.4103/jrms.jrms_705_21
  • Tushar MK, Viraj PS, Sameeh UZ, et al. The role of cardiac T2* magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of myocardial iron concentration in patients with beta-thalassemia major. Asian J Med Sci. 2022;13:79–84. doi:10.3126/ajms.v13i6.43049
  • Au WY, Lam WW, Chu WW, et al. A cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging assessment of organ specific hemosiderosis in 180 thalassemia major patients in Hong Kong. Haematologica. 2008;93:784–786. doi:10.3324/haematol.12367