Profile of inhaled levodopa and its potential in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease: evidence to date

References

• PostumaRBBergDSternMMDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson’s diseaseMov Disord201530121591160126474316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BraakHdel TrediciKRübUde VosRAJansen SteurENBraakEStaging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s diseaseNeurobiol Aging200324219721112498954
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jimenez-ShahedJA review of current and novel levodopa formulations for the treatment of Parkinson’s diseaseTher Deliv20167317919126893250
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TolosaEMartíMJValldeoriolaFMolinuevoJLHistory of levodopa and dopamine agonists in Parkinson’s disease treatmentNeurology1998506 Suppl 6S2S10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RinneUKMölsäPLevodopa with benserazide or carbidopa in Parkinson diseaseNeurology1979291215841589574221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SoykanISarosiekIShifflettJWootenGFMccallumRWEffect of chronic oral domperidone therapy on gastrointestinal symptoms and gastric emptying in patients with Parkinson’s diseaseMov Disord19971269529579399220
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CalabresiPdi FilippoMGhiglieriVTambascoNPicconiBLevodopa-induced dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson’s disease: filling the bench-to-bedside gapLancet Neurol20109111106111720880751
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OlanowCWStocchiFLevodopa: A new look at an old friendMov Disord201833685986629178365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FahnSOakesDShoulsonILevodopa and the progression of Parkinson’s diseaseN Engl J Med2004351242498250815590952
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ChaudhuriKRRizosASethiKDMotor and nonmotor complications in Parkinson’s disease: an argument for continuous drug delivery?J Neural Transm201312091305132023456290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OlanowCWObesoJAStocchiFContinuous dopamine-receptor treatment of Parkinson’s disease: scientific rationale and clinical implicationsLancet Neurol20065867768716857573
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ContinMMartinelliPPharmacokinetics of levodopaJ Neurol2010257Suppl 225326119727899
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BlanchetPJGrondinRBédardPJShiosakiKBrittonDRDopamine D1 receptor desensitization profile in MPTP-lesioned primatesEur J Pharmacol1996309113208864687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LippMMBatyckyRMooreJLeinonenMFreedMIPreclinical and clinical assessment of inhaled levodopa for OFF episodes in Parkinson’s diseaseSci Transl Med20168360360ra136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EdwardsDAHanesJCaponettiGLarge porous particles for pulmonary drug deliveryScience19972765320186818729188534
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BartusRTEmerichDSnodgrass-BeltPA pulmonary formulation of L-dopa enhances its effectiveness in a rat model of Parkinson’s diseaseJ Pharmacol Exp Ther2004310282883515039453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DunbarCScheuchGSommererKDelongMVermaABatyckyRIn vitro and in vivo dose delivery characteristics of large porous particles for inhalationInt J Pharm20022451–217918912270254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HoppentochtMHagedoornPFrijlinkHWde BoerAHTechnological and practical challenges of dry powder inhalers and formulationsAdv Drug Deliv Rev201475183124735675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acorda Therapeutics Inc.ARCUS Technology n.d. Available from: http://www.acorda.com/products/arcus-technologyAccessed September 18, 2018
   Google Scholar
• FreedMIBatyckyRMericaESafety, tolerability and levodopa pharmacokinetics following inhaled administration of CVT-301, a levodopa dry powder aerosol, in healthy, adult subjectsMov Disord201328Suppl 1430
   Google Scholar
• FreedMIMooreJABatyckyRTiaDFPharmacokinetics (PK) following inhaled levodopa delivery with CVT-301: Rapid augmentation of systemic levodopa (LD) levels and improvement in motor function in PD patients with motor fluctuationsMov Disord201429Supple 1647
   Google Scholar
• LewittPAHauserRAGrossetDGA randomized trial of inhaled levodopa (CVT-301) for motor fluctuations in Parkinson’s diseaseMov Disord20163191356136527090868
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LewittPFreedMLeinonenMSedkovAMurckHEffect of Patient Characteristics on Motor Function in Response to 35–50mg of Inhaled Levodopa (CVT-301) in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: Results from a Phase 2b StudyNeurology20168616 Suppl5.372
   Google Scholar
• FreedMIHampsonNBDefeo-FrauliniTGentileASpirometric abnormalities in Parkinson’s disease (PD) with motor fluctuations: A prospective, longitudinal studyMov Disord201429Suppl 11022
   Google Scholar
• HampsonNBKieburtzKDLewittPALeinonenMFreedMIProspective evaluation of pulmonary function in Parkinson’s disease patients with motor fluctuationsInt J Neurosci2017127327628427345931
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeWittPAFernandezHHHauserRAInhaled levodopa (CVT-301 84mg) significantly improves motor function during off periods in Parkinson’s disease (PD) subjects: A phase 3 study (SPAN-PD)Mov Disord2017329e128887904
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acorda Therapeutics Inc.CVT-301 Phase 3 Data Showed Significantly Improved Motor Function During OFF Periods in Parkinson’s Disease2017 Available from: http://s1.q4cdn.com/271808180/files/doc_news/CVT-301-Phase-3-Data-Showed-Significantly-Improved-Motor-Function-During-OFF-Periods-in-Parkinsons-Disease.pdfAccessed September 18, 2018
   Google Scholar
• CohenRSternMBatyckyRBlankBLewittPGrossetDCVT-301 Phase 3 Program Overview2017 Available from: http://s1.q4cdn.com/271808180/files/doc_presentations/2017/ACOR-MDS-Presentation-060517-(1).pdfAccessed Septermber 18, 2018
   Google Scholar
• GrossetDDhallRGurevichTLong-term Efficacy of Inhaled Levodopa in Parkinson’s Disease Subjects With Motor Fluctuations: a Phase 3 Open-Label Randomized StudyNeurology20189015 SupplS26.008
   Google Scholar
• GrossetDDhallRGurevichTLong-Term Pulmonary Safety of Inhaled Levodopa in Parkinson’s Disease Subjects With Motor Fluctuations: a Phase 3 Open-Label Randomized StudyNeurology20189015 SupplS26.006
   Google Scholar
• EllenbogenAHauserRAIsaacsonSHInhaled Levodopa Administered With Oral Carbidopa/Levodopa for Early Morning OFF Symptoms in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease: Safety AssessmentNeurology20189015 SupplS26.005
   Google Scholar
• IsaacsonSHEllenbogenAHauserRAInhaled Levodopa Administered With Oral Carbidopa/Levodopa for Early Morning OFF Symptoms in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease: Exploratory Efficacy AnalysisNeurology20189015 SupplS26.004
   Google Scholar
• PfeifferRFGutmannLHullKLBottiniPBSherryJHAPO302 Study InvestigatorsContinued efficacy and safety of subcutaneous apomorphine in patients with advanced Parkinson’s diseaseParkin-sonism Relat Disord200713293100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HauserRAOlanowCWDzyngelBSublingual apomorphine (APL-130277) for the acute conversion of OFF to ON in Parkinson’s diseaseMov Disord20163191366137227430123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LuinstraMGrasmeijerFHagedoornPMoesJRFrijlinkHWde BoerAHA levodopa dry powder inhaler for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease patients in off periodsEur J Pharm Biopharm201597Pt A222926453913
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LuinstraMRutgersAWDijkstraHAlEInhalation manoevre performed by Parkinson’s patients during an off periodEur Respir J201546Suppl 59PA1586
   Google Scholar
• LuinstraMRutgersAWDijkstraHCan Patients with Parkinson’s Disease Use Dry Powder Inhalers during Off Periods?PLoS One2015107e013271426173114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HsuAYaoHMGuptaSModiNBComparison of the pharmacokinetics of an oral extended-release capsule formulation of carbidopa-levodopa (IPX066) with immediate-release carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet()), sustained-release carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet() CR), and carbidopa-levodopa-entacapone (Stalevo())J Clin Pharmacol2015559995100325855267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LotiaMJankovicJNew and emerging medical therapies in Parkinson’s diseaseExpert Opin Pharmacother201617789590926830844
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LangAEEspayAJDisease Modification in Parkinson’s Disease: Current Approaches, Challenges, and Future ConsiderationsMov Disord201833566067729644751
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AthaudaDFoltynieTDrug Repurposing in Parkinson’s DiseaseCNS Drugs201832874776130066310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeeDJDallapiazzaRFde VlooPLozanoAMCurrent surgical treatments for Parkinson’s disease and potential therapeutic targetsNeural Regen Res20181381342134530106037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SteigerMJStocchiFBramanteLRuggieriSQuinnNPThe clinical efficacy of single morning doses of levodopa methyl ester: dispersible Madopar and Sinemet plus in Parkinson diseaseClin Neuropharmacol19921565015041477849
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DupontEAndersenABoasJSustained-release Madopar HBS compared with standard Madopar in the long-term treatment of de novo parkinsonian patientsActa Neurol Scand199693114208825266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HaglundLCrevoiserCHoogkamerJFWRelative bioavailability of the novel Madopar Dispersible tablet compared with standard MadoparFocus on Parkinson’s Disease19979710
   Google Scholar