Biological Markers in Newly Diagnosed Generalized Anxiety Disorder Patients: 8-OHdG, S100B and Oxidative Stress

References

• DeMartini J, Patel G, Fancher TL. Generalized anxiety disorder. Ann Intern Med. 2019;170(7):ITC49–ITC64. doi:10.7326/AITC201904020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th Leid. American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Daitch C. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Mindfulness, and Hypnosis as Treatment Methods for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Am J Clin Hypn. 2018;61(1):57–69. doi:10.1080/00029157.2018.1458594
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Özdemir N, Şahin ŞK, Elboğa G, Altındağ A. Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğunda Bilişsel Çarpıtmaların Tedaviye Uyuma Etkisi. Alpha Psychiatry. 2020;21(4):380–386.
   Google Scholar
• Stein DJ, Vasconcelos MF, Albrechet-Souza L, Ceresér KMM, De Almeida RMM. Microglial over-activation by social defeat stress contributes to anxiety-and depressive-like behaviors. Front Behav Neurosci. 2017;11:207. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michetti F, D’Ambrosi N, Toesca A, et al. The S100B story: from biomarker to active factor in neural injury. J Neurochem. 2019;148(2):168–187. doi:10.1111/jnc.14574
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donato R, Cannon BR, Sorci G, et al. Functions of S100 Proteins. Curr Mol Med. 2013;13(1):24–57. doi:10.2174/156652413804486214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeter M, Sacher J, Steiner J, Schoenknecht P, Mueller K. Serum S100B Represents a New Biomarker for Mood Disorders. Curr Drug Targets. 2013;14(11):1237–1248. doi:10.2174/13894501113149990014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salim S. Oxidative stress and the central nervous system. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2017;360(1):201–205. doi:10.1124/jpet.116.237503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruk J, Aboul-Enein HY, Kładna A, Bowser JE. Oxidative stress in biological systems and its relation with pathophysiological functions: the effect of physical activity on cellular redox homeostasis. Free Radic Res. 2019;53(5):497–521. doi:10.1080/10715762.2019.1612059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graille M, Wild P, Sauvain JJ, Hemmendinger M, Canu IG, Hopf NB. Urinary 8-OHDG as a biomarker for oxidative stress: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(11):3743. doi:10.3390/ijms21113743
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulusoy M, Şahin N, Erkmen H. Turkish version of Beck Anxiety Inventory: psychometric properties. J Cogn Psychother. 1996;1(12):163–172.
   Google Scholar
• Gündüz A, Gündoğmuş İ, Sertçelik S, et al. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of generalized anxiety disorder scale-revised. Psychiatry Invest. 2021;18(10):949–957. doi:10.30773/pi.2021.0174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yardan T, Erenler AK, Baydin A, Aydin K, Cokluk C. Usefulness of S100B protein in neurological disorders. J Pak Med Assoc. 2011;61(3):276–281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arolt V, Peters M, Erfurth A, et al. S100B and response to treatment in major depression: a pilot study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2003;13(4):235–239. doi:10.1016/S0924-977X(03)00016-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeter ML, Steiner J. Elevated serum levels of the glial marker protein S100B are not specific for schizophrenia or mood disorders. Mol Psychiatry. 2009;14(3):235–237. doi:10.1038/mp.2008.85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiesmann M, Wandinger KP, Missler U, et al. Elevated plasma levels of S-100b protein in schizophrenic patients. Biol Psychiatry. 1999;45(11):1508–1511. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00217-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothermundt M, Missler U, Arolt V, et al. Increased S100B blood levels in unmedicated and treated schizophrenic patients are correlated with negative symptomatology. Mol Psychiatry. 2001;6(4):445–449. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000889
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajewska-Rager A, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Kapelski P, et al. Longitudinal assessment of S100B serum levels and clinical factors in youth patients with mood disorders. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):1–9. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91577-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen Z, Cui L, Mou S, et al. Combining S100B and Cytokines as Neuro-Inflammatory Biomarkers for Diagnosing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: a Proof-of-Concept Study Based on Machine Learning. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:881241. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.881241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buschert J, Hohoff C, Touma C, et al. S100B overexpression increases behavioral and neural plasticity in response to the social environment during adolescence. J Psychiatr Res. 2013;47(11):1791–1799. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.08.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maes M, Bonifacio KL, Morelli NR, et al. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Comorbid Major Depression with GAD Are Characterized by Enhanced Nitro-oxidative Stress, Increased Lipid Peroxidation, and Lowered Lipid-Associated Antioxidant Defenses. Neurotox Res. 2018;34(3):489–510. doi:10.1007/s12640-018-9906-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guney E, Fatih Ceylan M, Tektas A, et al. Oxidative stress in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord. 2014;156:62–66. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.11.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emhan A, Selek S, Bayazit H, Karababa IF, Kati M, Aksoy N. Evaluation of oxidative and antioxidative parameters in generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2015;230(3):806–810. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.11.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishioka N, Arnold SE. Evidence for Oxidative DNA Damage in the Hippocampus of Elderly Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2004;12(2):167–175. doi:10.1097/00019442-200403000-00008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forlenza MJ, Miller GE. Increased Serum Levels of 8-Hydroxy-2′-Deoxyguanosine in Clinical Depression. Psychosom Med. 2006;68(1):1–7. doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000195780.37277.2a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bulut M, Selek S, Bez Y, et al. Reduced PON1 enzymatic activity and increased lipid hydroperoxide levels that point out oxidative stress in generalized anxiety disorder. J Affect Disord. 2013;150(3):829–833. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.03.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaya MC, Bez Y, Karababa IF, et al. Decreased serum sulphydryl levels as a sign of increased oxidative stress in generalized anxiety disorder. Psychiatry Invest. 2013;10(3):281–285. doi:10.4306/pi.2013.10.3.281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black CN, Bot M, Scheffer PG, Penninx BWJH. Oxidative stress in major depressive and anxiety disorders, and the association with antidepressant use; results from a large adult cohort. Psychol Med. 2017;47(5):936–948. doi:10.1017/S0033291716002828
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar