The Utility of Transvaginal Ultrasound After Intrauterine Pregnancy Identification on Transabdominal Ultrasound in Emergency Department Patients

References

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Committee on practice bulletins—obstetrics and the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. Practice bulletin no. 175: ultrasound in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2016;128(6):e241–e256. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000001815
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown DL, Packard A, Maturen KE, et al.; Expert Panel on Women’s Imaging. ACR appropriateness criteria® first trimester vaginal bleeding. J Am Coll Radiol. 2018;15(5S):S69–S77. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2018.03.018
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hahn SA, Promes SB, Brown MD, Brown MD; American College of Emergency Physicians Clinical Policies Subcommittee (Writing Committee) on Early Pregnancy. Clinical policy: critical issues in the initial evaluation and management of patients presenting to the emergency department in early pregnancy [published correction appears in Ann Emerg Med. 2017;70(5):758]. Ann Emerg Med. 2017;69(2):241–250.e20. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.11.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendriks E, MacNaughton H, MacKenzie MC. First trimester bleeding: evaluation and management. Am Fam Physician. 2019;99(3):166–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American College of Emergency Physicians. Ultrasound guidelines: emergency, point-of-care and clinical ultrasound guidelines in medicine. Ann Emerg Med. 2017;69(5):e27–e54. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.08.457
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jain KA, Hamper UM, Sanders RC. Comparison of transvaginal and transabdominal sonography in the detection of early pregnancy and its complications. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988;151(6):1139–1143. doi:10.2214/ajr.151.6.1139
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaur A, Kaur A. Transvaginal ultrasonography in first trimester of pregnancy and its comparison with transabdominal ultrasonography. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2011;3(3):329–338. 16. doi:10.4103/0975-7406.84432
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gramith F, Sirr S, Hollerman J, et al. Transvaginal versus transabdominal sonography in patients suspected of having ectopic pregnancy. Minn Med. 1991;74(1):27–31.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Biggs WS, Marks ST. Diagnosis and management of adnexal masses. Am Fam Physician. 2016;93(8):676–681.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodgers SK, Chang C, DeBardeleben JT, et al. Normal and abnormal us findings in early first-trimester pregnancy: review of the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound 2012 consensus panel recommendations. Radiographics. 2015;35(7):2135–2148. doi:10.1148/rg.2015150092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine Official Statement. Guidelines for cleaning and preparing external- and internal-use ultrasound transducers and equipment between patients as well as safe handling and use of ultrasound coupling gel; 2017. Available from: https://www.aium.org/officialstatements/57. Accessed May 23, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• American College of Emergency Physicians. Guideline for ultrasound transducer cleaning and disinfection. Ann Emerg Med. 2018;72(4):e45–e47. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.07.035
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ciebiera M, Słabuszewska-Jóźwiak A, Zaręba K, Jakiel G. Heterotopic pregnancy - how easily you can go wrong in diagnosing? A case study. J Ultrason. 2018;18(75):355–358. doi:10.15557/JoU.2018.0052
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noor N, Bano I, Parveen S. Heterotopic pregnancy with successful pregnancy outcome. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2012;5(2):213–214. doi:10.4103/0974-1208.101024
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Panebianco NL, Shofer F, Fields JM, et al. The utility of transvaginal ultrasound in the ED evaluation of complications of first trimester pregnancy. Am J Emerg Med. 2015;33(6):743–748. 17. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2015.02.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connor TP, Garton N, Jones C, Estephan M, Lu M, Adler D. Emergency physician utilization of transvaginal ultrasound after initiation of revised sterilization protocol. Am J Emerg Med. 2019;37(4):789–791. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2018.08.077
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American College of Emergency Physicians Emergency Ultrasound Section. Emergency ultrasound coding guide; 2020. Available from: https://www.acep.org/globalassets/uploads/uploadedfiles/acep/by-medicalfocus/ultrasound/acep-us-cpt-update-2020.pdf. Accessed May 23, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Fujifilm SonoSite. Ultrasound reimbursement information, emergency medicine; 2020. Available from: https://www.sonosite.com/sites/default/files/2020%20SonoSite%20-%20Emed%20Guide%20022020.pdf. Accessed May 23, 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Tuuli MG, Norman SM, Odibo AO, Macones GA, Cahill AG. Perinatal outcomes in women with subchorionic hematoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2011;117(5):1205–1212. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e31821568de
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett GL, Bromley B, Lieberman E, Benacerraf BR. Subchorionic hemorrhage in firsttrimester pregnancies: prediction of pregnancy outcome with sonography. Radiology. 1996;200(3):803–806. doi:10.1148/radiology.200.3.8756935
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naert MN, Khadraoui H, Muniz Rodriguez A, Naqvi M, Fox NS. Association between firsttrimester subchorionic hematomas and pregnancy loss in singleton pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134(2):276–281. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000003360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inman ER, Miranian DC, Stevenson MJ, Kobernik EK, Moravek MB, Schon SB. Outcomes of subchorionic hematoma-affected pregnancies in the infertile population. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2022;159(3):743–750. doi:10.1002/ijgo.14162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coomarasamy A, Devall AJ, Cheed V, et al. A randomized trial of progesterone in women with bleeding in early pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(19):1815–1824. 18. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1813730
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCall CA, Grimes DA, Lyerly AD. “Therapeutic” bed rest in pregnancy: unethical and unsupported by data. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;121(6):1305–1308. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e318293f12f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-Haroush A, Yogev Y, Mashiach R, Meizner I. Pregnancy outcome of threatened abortion with subchorionic hematoma: possible benefit of bed-rest? Isr Med Assoc J. 2003;5(6):422–424.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahdev A. Ovary and adnexa: imaging techniques, anatomy and normal findings. In: Hamm B, Ros PR, editors. Abdominal Imaging. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Forstner R. Early detection of ovarian cancer. Eur Radiol. 2020;30(10):5370–5373. doi:10.1007/s00330-020-06937-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar