110
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Apolipoprotein E is a Potential Biomarker for Predicting Cancer Prognosis and is Correlated with Immune Infiltration

, , ORCID Icon &
Pages 199-214 | Received 30 Oct 2023, Accepted 12 Mar 2024, Published online: 20 Mar 2024

References

  • Bray F, Laversanne M, Weiderpass E, Soerjomataram I. The ever-increasing importance of cancer as a leading cause of premature death worldwide. Cancer. 2021;127(16):3029–3030.
  • Kalbasi A, Ribas A. Tumour-intrinsic resistance to immune checkpoint blockade. Nat Rev Immunol. 2019;20(1):25–39.
  • Chen F, Fan Y, Cao P, et al. Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Prognostic and Immunological Role of HSF1: a Potential Target for Survival and Immunotherapy. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021;2021:5551036.
  • Li B, Chan HL, Chen P. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: basics and Challenges. Curr Med Chem. 2019;26(17):3009–3025.
  • Slattery ML, Sweeney C, Murtaugh M, et al. Associations between apoE genotype and colon and rectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2005;26(8):1422–1429.
  • Basit A, Cho MG, Kim EY, Kwon D, Kang SJ, Lee JH. The cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 innate immunity pathway maintains chromosomal stability through regulation of p21 levels. Exp Mol Med. 2020;52(4):643–657.
  • Ostendorf BN, Bilanovic J, Adaku N, et al. Common germline variants of the human APOE gene modulate melanoma progression and survival. Nat Med. 2020;26(7):1048–1053.
  • Zheng P, Luo Q, Wang W, et al. Tumor-associated macrophages-derived exosomes promote the migration of gastric cancer cells by transfer of functional Apolipoprotein E. Cell Death Dis. 2018;9(4):434.
  • Huang J, Sun W, Wang Z, et al. FTO suppresses glycolysis and growth of papillary thyroid cancer via decreasing stability of APOE mRNA in an N6-methyladenosine-dependent manner. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2022;41(1):456.
  • Su WP, Chen YT, Lai WW, Lin CC, Yan JJ, Su WC. Apolipoprotein E expression promotes lung adenocarcinoma proliferation and migration and as a potential survival marker in lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2011;71(1):28–33.
  • Kim YW, Bae SM, Kim IW, et al. Multiplexed bead-based immunoassay of four serum biomarkers for diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Oncol Rep. 2012;28(2):585–591.
  • Bancaro N, Cali B, Troiani M, et al. Apolipoprotein E induces pathogenic senescent-like myeloid cells in prostate cancer. Cancer Cell. 2023;41(3):602–619 e611.
  • Talmadge JE, Gabrilovich DI. History of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Nat Rev Cancer. 2013;13(10):739–752.
  • Tavazoie MF, Pollack I, Tanqueco R, et al. LXR/ApoE Activation Restricts Innate Immune Suppression in Cancer. Cell. 2018;172(4):825–840.e818.
  • Bejarano L, Jordao MJC, Joyce JA. Therapeutic Targeting of the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Discov. 2021;11(4):933–959.
  • Kanehisa M, Goto S. KEGG: Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000;28(1):27–30.
  • Kanehisa M, Furumichi M, Sato Y, Ishiguro-Watanabe M, Tanabe M. KEGG: integrating viruses and cellular organisms. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021;49(D1).
  • Kanehisa M. Toward understanding the origin and evolution of cellular organisms. Protein Sci. 2019;28(11):1947–1951.
  • Gotwals P, Cameron S, Cipolletta D, et al. Prospects for combining targeted and conventional cancer therapy with immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2017;17(5):286–301.
  • Schaub FX, Dhankani V, Berger AC, et al. Pan-cancer Alterations of the MYC Oncogene and Its Proximal Network across the Cancer Genome Atlas. Cell Syst. 2018;6(3):282–300 e282.
  • Shi R, Wang X, Wu Y, et al. APOBEC-mediated mutagenesis is a favorable predictor of prognosis and immunotherapy for bladder cancer patients: evidence from pan-cancer analysis and multiple databases. Theranostics. 2022;12(9):4181–4199.
  • Krishnamurthy N, Goodman AM, Barkauskas DA, Kurzrock R. STK11 alterations in the pan-cancer setting: prognostic and therapeutic implications. Eur J Cancer. 2021;148:215–229.
  • Xu B, Lu M, Yan L, et al. A Pan-Cancer Analysis of Predictive Methylation Signatures of Response to Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol. 2021;12:796647.
  • Gui X, Deng M, Song H, et al. Disrupting LILRB4/APOE Interaction by an Efficacious Humanized Antibody Reverses T-cell Suppression and Blocks AML Development. Cancer Immunol Res. 2019;7(8):1244–1257.
  • He L, Shi M, Ren S, et al. Jun-APOE-LRP1 axis promotes tumor metastasis in colorectal cancer. Biomol Biomed. 2023;23(6):1026–1037.
  • Mrkonjic M, Chappell E, Pethe VV, et al. Association of apolipoprotein E polymorphisms and dietary factors in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2009;100(12):1966–1974.
  • Obradovic A, Chowdhury N, Haake SM, et al. Single-cell protein activity analysis identifies recurrence-associated renal tumor macrophages. Cell. 2021;184(11):2988–3005 e2916.
  • Lin A, Zhang J, Luo P. Crosstalk Between the MSI Status and Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol. 2020;11:2039.
  • Liu L, Bai X, Wang J, et al. Combination of TMB and CNA Stratifies Prognostic and Predictive Responses to Immunotherapy Across Metastatic Cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2019;25(24):7413–7423.
  • Hutarew G. PD-L1 testing, fit for routine evaluation? From a pathologist’s point of view. Memo. 2016;9(4):201–206.
  • Postow MA, Callahan MK, Wolchok JD. Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Cancer Therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(17):1974–1982.
  • Le DT, Uram JN, Wang H, et al. PD-1 Blockade in Tumors with Mismatch-Repair Deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(26):2509–2520.
  • Lange M, Joly F, Vardy J, et al. Cancer-related cognitive impairment: an update on state of the art, detection, and management strategies in cancer survivors. Ann Oncol. 2019;30(12):1925–1940.
  • Jardim DL, Goodman A, de Melo Gagliato D, Kurzrock R. The Challenges of Tumor Mutational Burden as an Immunotherapy Biomarker. Cancer Cell. 2021;39(2):154–173.
  • Hui B, Lu C, Li H, et al. Inhibition of APOE potentiates immune checkpoint therapy for cancer. Int J Biol Sci. 2022;18(14):5230–5240.
  • Wu T, Dai Y. Tumor microenvironment and therapeutic response. Cancer Lett. 2017;387:61–68.
  • Hinshaw DC, Shevde LA. The Tumor Microenvironment Innately Modulates Cancer Progression. Cancer Res. 2019;79(18):4557–4566.
  • Zang X, Sullivan PS, Soslow RA, et al. Tumor associated endothelial expression of B7-H3 predicts survival in ovarian carcinomas. Mod Pathol. 2010;23(8):1104–1112.
  • Rodig N, Ryan T, Allen JA, et al. Endothelial expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 down-regulates CD8+ T cell activation and cytolysis. Eur J Immunol. 2003;33(11):3117–3126.
  • Berntsson J, Nodin B, Eberhard J, Micke P, Jirstrom K. Prognostic impact of tumour-infiltrating B cells and plasma cells in colorectal cancer. Int, J, Cancer. 2016;139(5):1129–1139.
  • Lianyuan T, Dianrong X, Chunhui Y, Zhaolai M, Bin J. The predictive value and role of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Cancer Biol Ther. 2018;19(4):296–305.
  • Powell DR, Huttenlocher A. Neutrophils in the Tumor Microenvironment. Trends Immunol. 2016;37(1):41–52.
  • Dysthe M, Parihar R. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1224:117–140.
  • Gajewski TF, Schreiber H, Fu YX. Innate and adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Nat Immunol. 2013;14(10):1014–1022.
  • Turley SJ, Cremasco V, Astarita JL. Immunological hallmarks of stromal cells in the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Immunol. 2015;15(11):669–682.
  • Buss LA, Mandani A, Phillips E, Scott NJA, Currie MJ, Dachs GU. Characterisation of a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer with Metabolic Syndrome. Vivo. 2018;32(5):1071–1080.
  • Kemp SB, Carpenter ES, Steele NG, et al. Apolipoprotein E Promotes Immune Suppression in Pancreatic Cancer through NF-kappaB-Mediated Production of CXCL1. Cancer Res. 2021;81(16):4305–4318.
  • Celhay O, Bousset L, Guy L, et al. Individual Comparison of Cholesterol Metabolism in Normal and Tumour Areas in Radical Prostatectomy Specimens from Patients with Prostate Cancer: results of the CHOMECAP Study. Eur Urol Oncol. 2019;2(2):198–206.