Hydroxychloroquine Ameliorates Hematuria in Children with X-Linked Alport Syndrome: Retrospective Case Series Study

References

• Alport AC. Hereditary familial congenital haemorrhagic nephritis. Br Med J. 1927;1(3454):504–506. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.3454.504
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hertz JM, Thomassen M, Storey H, Flinter F. Clinical utility gene card for: Alport syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet. 2012;20:6. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2011.237
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hertz JM, Thomassen M, Storey H, Flinter F. Clinical utility gene card for: Alport syndrome - update 2014. Eur J Hum Genet. 2015;23:9. doi:10.1038/ejhg.2014.254
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wongtrakul P, Shayakul C, Parichatikanond P, et al. Immunohistochemical study for the diagnosis of Alport’s syndrome. J Med Assoc Thai. 2006;89(Suppl 5):S171–81.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jais JP, Knebelmann B, Giatras I, et al. X-linked Alport syndrome: natural history in 195 families and genotype- phenotype correlations in males. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2000;11(4):649–657. doi:10.1681/asn.V114649
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grodecki KM, Gains MJ, Baumal R, et al. Treatment of X-linked hereditary nephritis in Samoyed dogs with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. J Comp Pathol. 1997;117(3):209–225. doi:10.1016/s0021-9975(97)80016-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross O, Beirowski B, Koepke ML, et al. Preemptive ramipril therapy delays renal failure and reduces renal fibrosis in COL4A3-knockout mice with Alport syndrome. Kidney Int. 2003;63(2):438–446. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00779.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross O, Licht C, Anders HJ, et al. Early angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in Alport syndrome delays renal failure and improves life expectancy. Kidney Int. 2012;81(5):494–501. doi:10.1038/ki.2011.407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross O, Tönshoff B, Weber LT, et al. A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind Phase 3 trial with open-arm comparison indicates safety and efficacy of nephroprotective therapy with ramipril in children with Alport’s syndrome. Kidney Int. 2020;97(6):1275–1286. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2019.12.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daga S, Donati F, Capitani K, et al. New frontiers to cure Alport syndrome: COL4A3 and COL4A5 gene editing in podocyte-lineage cells. Eur J Hum Genet. 2020;28(4):480–490. doi:10.1038/s41431-019-0537-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang YZ, Liu LJ, Shi SF, et al. Effects of Hydroxychloroquine on Proteinuria in Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy. Am J Nephrol. 2018;47(3):145–152. doi:10.1159/000487330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu LJ, Yang YZ, Shi SF, et al. Effects of Hydroxychloroquine on Proteinuria in IgA Nephropathy: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Kidney Dis. 2019;74(1):15–22. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.01.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kashtan CE. Alport Syndrome: achieving Early Diagnosis and Treatment. Am J Kidney Dis. 2021;77(2):272–279. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.03.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruegel J, Rubel D, Gross O. Alport syndrome--insights from basic and clinical research. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2013;9(3):170–178. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2012.259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chertow GM, Appel GB, Andreoli S, et al. Study Design and Baseline Characteristics of the CARDINAL Trial: a Phase 3 Study of Bardoxolone Methyl in Patients with Alport Syndrome. Am J Nephrol. 2021;52(3):180–189. doi:10.1159/000513777
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baigent C, Lennon R. Should We Increase GFR with Bardoxolone in Alport Syndrome? J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018;29(2):357–359. doi:10.1681/asn.2017101062
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Zeeuw D, Akizawa T, Audhya P, et al. Bardoxolone methyl in type 2 diabetes and stage 4 chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(26):2492–2503. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1306033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez IG, MacKenna DA, Johnson BG, et al. Anti-microRNA-21 oligonucleotides prevent Alport nephropathy progression by stimulating metabolic pathways. J Clin Invest. 2015;125(1):141–156. doi:10.1172/jci75852
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo J, Song W, Boulanger J, et al. Dysregulated Expression of microRNA-21 and Disease-Related Genes in Human Patients and in a Mouse Model of Alport Syndrome. Hum Gene Ther. 2019;30(7):865–881. doi:10.1089/hum.2018.205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van den Borne BE, Dijkmans BA, de Rooij HH, le Cessie S, Verweij CL. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine equally affect tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 6, and interferon-gamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Rheumatol. 1997;24(1):55–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willis R, Seif AM, McGwin G et al. Effect of hydroxychloroquine treatment on pro-inflammatory cytokines and disease activity in SLE patients: data from LUMINA (LXXV), a multiethnic US cohort. Lupus. 2012;21(8):830–835. doi:10.1177/0961203312437270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiehn C, Ness T, Weseloh C, et al. Safety management in treatment with antimalarials in rheumatology. Interdisciplinary recommendations on the basis of a systematic literature review. Z Rheumatol. 2021;80(Suppl1):1–9. doi:10.1007/s00393-020-00785-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar