Unraveling the Dynamic Nexus Between Trade Liberalization, Energy Consumption, CO₂ Emissions, and Health Expenditure in Southeast Asian Countries

References

• Ahmed K, Bhattacharya M, Shaikh Z, Ramzan M, Ozturk I. Emission intensive growth and trade in the era of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) integration: an empirical investigation from ASEAN-8. J Clean Prod. 2017;154:530–540. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atici C. Carbon emissions, trade liberalization, and the Japan–ASEAN interaction: a group-wise examination. J Jpn Int Econ. 2012;26(1):167–178. doi:10.1016/j.jjie.2011.07.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith S, Newhouse JP, Freeland MS. Income, insurance, and technology: why does health spending outpace economic growth? Health Aff. 2009;28(5):1276–1284. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.28.5.1276
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullah I, Ali S, Shah MH, Yasim F, Rehman A, Al-Ghazali BM. Linkages between trade, CO2 emissions and healthcare spending in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(21):4298. doi:10.3390/ijerph16214298
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullah I, Rehman A, Khan FU, Shah MH, Khan F. Management. Nexus between trade, CO2 emissions, renewable energy, and health expenditure in Pakistan. Int J Health Plann Manag. 2019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eia U. Annual Energy Outlook 2013. Washington, DC: US Energy Information Administration; 2013:60–62.
   Google Scholar
• Sadorsky P. Energy consumption, output and trade in South America. Energy Econ. 2012;34(2):476–488. doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2011.12.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coondoo D, Dinda S. Carbon dioxide emission and income: a temporal analysis of cross-country distributional patterns. Ecol Econ. 2008;65(2):375–385. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.07.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amri F. Renewable and non-renewable categories of energy consumption and trade: do the development degree and the industrialization degree matter? Energy. 2019;173:374–383. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.02.114
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasreen S, Anwar S. Causal relationship between trade openness, economic growth and energy consumption: a panel data analysis of Asian countries. Energy Policy. 2014;69:82–91. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2014.02.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-mulali U, Sheau-Ting LJR, Reviews SE. Econometric analysis of trade, exports, imports, energy consumption and CO2 emission in six regions. Renew Sust Energ Rev. 2014;33:484–498. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.02.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandran V, Tang CFJR, Reviews SE. The impacts of transport energy consumption, foreign direct investment and income on CO2 emissions in ASEAN-5 economies. Renew Sust Energ Rev. 2013;24:445–453. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.03.054
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halicioglu F. An econometric study of CO2 emissions, energy consumption, income and foreign trade in Turkey. Energ Policy. 2009;37(3):1156–1164. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2008.11.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalil A, Feridun MJEE. The impact of growth, energy and financial development on the environment in China: a cointegration analysis. Energy Econ. 2011;33(2):284–291. doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2010.10.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozturk I, Acaravci AJR, Reviews SE. CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in Turkey. Renew Sust Energ Rev. 2010;14(9):3220–3225. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2010.07.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahbaz M, Khan S, Tahir M. The dynamic links between energy consumption, economic growth, financial development and trade in China: fresh evidence from multivariate framework analysis. Energy Econ. 2013;40:8–21. doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2013.06.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akbostancı E, Tunç Gİ, Türüt-Aşık SJAE. CO2 emissions of Turkish manufacturing industry: a decomposition analysis. Appl Energy. 2011;88(6):2273–2278. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.12.076
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antweiler W, Copeland BR, Taylor MS. Is free trade good for the environment? Am Econ Rev. 2001;91(4):877–908. doi:10.1257/aer.91.4.877
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farhani S, Chaibi A, Rault CJEM. CO2 emissions, output, energy consumption, and trade in Tunisia. Econ Model. 2014;38:426–434. doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2014.01.025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esty DC. Bridging the trade-environment divide. J Econ Perspect. 2001;15(3):113–130. doi:10.1257/jep.15.3.113
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukhopadhyay K. Trade and the environment: implications for climate change. Decision. 2009;36(3):83–102.
   Google Scholar
• Jalil A, Mahmud SF. Environment kuznets curve for CO2 emissions: a cointegration analysis for China. Energ Policy. 2009;37(12):5167–5172. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2009.07.044
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasir M, Rehman FU. Environmental kuznets curve for carbon emissions in Pakistan: an empirical investigation. Energ Policy. 2011;39(3):1857–1864. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2011.01.025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayanthakumaran K, Verma R, Liu Y. CO2 emissions, energy consumption, trade and income: a comparative analysis of China and India. Energ Policy. 2012;42:450–460. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2011.12.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahbaz M, Solarin SA, Mahmood H, Arouri M. Does financial development reduce CO2 emissions in Malaysian economy? A time series analysis. Econ Model. 2013;35:145–152. doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2013.06.037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasman A, Duman YS. CO2 emissions, economic growth, energy consumption, trade and urbanization in new EU member and candidate countries: a panel data analysis. Econ Model. 2015;44:97–103. doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2014.10.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dogan E. The relationship between economic growth and electricity consumption from renewable and non-renewable sources: a study of Turkey. Renew Sust Energ Rev. 2015;52:534–546. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.130
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hua X, Boateng A. Trade Openness, Financial Liberalization, Economic Growth, and Environment Effects in the North-South: New Static and Dynamic Panel Data Evidence. Beyond the UN Global Compact: Institutions Regulations. 2015:253–289.
   Google Scholar
• Dogan E, Turkekul B. CO2 emissions, real output, energy consumption, trade, urbanization and financial development: testing the EKC hypothesis for the USA. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2016;23(2):1203–1213. doi:10.1007/s11356-015-5323-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawal AI, Ozturk I, Olanipekun IO, Asaleye AJ. Examining the linkages between electricity consumption and economic growth in African economies. Energy. 2020;208:118363. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2020.118363
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emir F, Bekun FV. Energy intensity, carbon emissions, renewable energy, and economic growth nexus: new insights from Romania. Energy Environ. 2019;30(3):427–443. doi:10.1177/0958305X18793108
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alam MJ, Begum IA, Buysse J, Rahman S, Van Huylenbroeck G. Dynamic modeling of causal relationship between energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth in India. Renew Sust Energ Rev. 2011;15(6):3243–3251. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2011.04.029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Cammeraat EL, Romeijn P, Kalbitz K. Soil organic carbon redistribution by water erosion–the role of CO2 emissions for the carbon budget. PLoS One. 2014;9(5).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carvalho TS, Santiago FS, Perobelli FS. International trade and emissions: the case of the Minas Gerais state—2005. Energy Econ. 2013;40:383–395. doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2013.07.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang CF, Tan BW. The impact of energy consumption, income and foreign direct investment on carbon dioxide emissions in Vietnam. Energy. 2015;79:447–454. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.11.033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adedoyin FF, Gumede MI, Bekun FV, Etokakpan MU, Balsalobre-lorente D. Modelling coal rent, economic growth and CO2 emissions: does regulatory quality matter in BRICS economies? Sci Total Environ. 2020;710:136284. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.13628431923665
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shahbaz M, Uddin GS, Rehman IU, Imran K. Industrialization, electricity consumption and CO2 emissions in Bangladesh. Renew Sust Energ Rev. 2014;31:575–586. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.12.028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bekun FV, Emir F, Sarkodie SA. Another look at the relationship between energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and economic growth in South Africa. Sci Total Environ. 2019;655:759–765. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.27130476856
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozturk I. Measuring the impact of alternative and nuclear energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and oil rents on specific growth factors in the panel of Latin American countries. Prog Nucl Energy. 2017;100:71–81. doi:10.1016/j.pnucene.2017.05.030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Copeland BR, Taylor MS. Management free trade and global warming: a trade theory view of the Kyoto protocol. J Environ Econ Manage. 2005;49(2):205–234. doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2004.04.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozcan B, Ozturk I. Renewable energy consumption-economic growth nexus in emerging countries: a bootstrap panel causality test. Renew Sust Energ Rev. 2019;104:30–37. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.01.020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad F, Draz MU, Ozturk I, Su L, Rauf A. Looking for asymmetries and nonlinearities: the nexus between renewable energy and environmental degradation in the Northwestern provinces of China. J Clean Prod. 2020;266:121714. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121714
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarkodie SA, Adams S, Owusu PA, Leirvik T, Ozturk I. Mitigating degradation and emissions in China: the role of environmental sustainability, human capital and renewable energy. Sci Total Environ. 2020;719:137530. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.13753032143100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bekun FV, Alola AA, Sarkodie SA. Toward a sustainable environment: nexus between CO2 emissions, resource rent, renewable and nonrenewable energy in 16-EU countries. Sci Total Environ. 2019;657:1023–1029. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.10430677870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adedoyin FF, Alola AA, Bekun FV. An assessment of environmental sustainability corridor: the role of economic expansion and research and development in EU countries. Sci Total Environ. 2020;713:136726. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.13672632019050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng C, Liang R, Jiang X. Analysis of the government health expenditure in the first decade of Chinese new medical reform (2009–2018): Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region as an example. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020;13:387–395. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S25265232523386
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilgore M, Patel HK, Kielhorn A, Maya JF, Sharma P. Economic burden of hospitalizations of medicare beneficiaries with heart failure. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2017;10:63–70. doi:10.2147/RMHP.S13034128546776
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobson MZ. On the causal link between carbon dioxide and air pollution mortality. Geophys Res Lett. 2008;35(3). doi:10.1029/2007GL031101
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedir S. Business healthcare expenditure and economic growth in developing countries. AEBM. 2016;4(2):76–86. doi:10.13189/aeb.2016.040202
   Google Scholar
• Ke X, Saksena P, Holly AJGWHO. The Determinants of Health Expenditure: A Country-Level Panel Data Analysis. WHO; 2011:26.
   Google Scholar
• Samudram M, Nair M, Vaithilingam SJEE. Keynes and Wagner on government expenditures and economic development: the case of a developing economy. Empir Econ. 2009;36(3):697–712. doi:10.1007/s00181-008-0214-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Chen X, Zhang X. The impact of exposure to air pollution on cognitive performance. PNAS. 2018;115(37):9193–9197. doi:10.1073/pnas.180947411530150383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdullah H, Khan MMR, Ong HR, Yaakob Z. Modified TiO2 photocatalyst for CO2 photocatalytic reduction: an overview. J CO2 Util. 2017;22:15–32. doi:10.1016/j.jcou.2017.08.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu Z-N, Chen H, Hao Y, Wang J, Song X, Mok TM. The dynamic relationship between environmental pollution, economic development and public health: evidence from China. J Clean Prod. 2017;166:134–147. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yazdi SK, Shakouri B, Khanalizadeh B. The granger causality among tourist arrival, economic growth and CO2 emissions in Iran. Adv Environ Biol. 2014;8(13):632–637.
   Google Scholar
• Beatty TK, Shimshack JP. Air pollution and children’s respiratory health: a cohort analysis. J Environ Econ Manag. 2014;67(1):39–57. doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2013.10.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaabouni S, Zghidi N, Mbarek MB. On the causal dynamics between CO2 emissions, health expenditures and economic growth. Sustain Cities Soc. 2016;22:184–191. doi:10.1016/j.scs.2016.02.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narayan PK, Narayan S. Does environmental quality influence health expenditures? Empirical evidence from a panel of selected OECD countries. Ecol Econ. 2008;65(2):367–374. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.07.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apergis N, Payne JE, Menyah K, Wolde-Rufael YJEE. On the causal dynamics between emissions, nuclear energy, renewable energy, and economic growth. Ecol Econ. 2010;69(11):2255–2260. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.06.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan Y, Chen J, Shirkey G, et al. Applications of structural equation modeling (SEM) in ecological studies: an updated review. Environ Process. 2016;5(1):19.
   Google Scholar
• Yi T, Wan J, Xu H, Yang X. A new solid self-microemulsifying formulation prepared by spray-drying to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2008;70(2):439–444. doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.05.00118603415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang T. Structural Equation Modeling with Time Series Data. Stony Brook, NY: The Graduate School, Stony Brook University; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Esling C, Calcagnotto M, Zhao X, Zuo L. New insights into crystallographic correlations between ferrite and cementite in lamellar eutectoid structures, obtained by SEM–FEG/EBSD and an indirect two-trace method. J Appl Crystallogr. 2007;40(5):849–856. doi:10.1107/S0021889807032219
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne BM. Structural Equation Modeling with LISREL, PRELIS, and SIMPLIS: [Б. И.]. London; 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Hair JF, Ringle CM, Sarstedt M. PLS-SEM: indeed a silver bullet. J Mark Theory Pract. 2011;19(2):139–152. doi:10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202
   Google Scholar
• Sumner DR, Bryan JM, Urban RM, Kuszak JR. Measuring the volume fraction of bone ingrowth: a comparison of three techniques. J Orthop Res. 1990;8(3):448–452. doi:10.1002/jor.11000803162182802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yazdi Feyzabadi V, Bahrampour M, Rashidian A, et al. Incidence and intensity of catastrophic health expenditures in Iranian provinces; 2008–2014. IJE. 2017;12:40–54.
   Google Scholar
• Saboori B. The Relationship Between Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and Trade with Environmental Degradation: The Case Study of Five Asean Countries. Universiti Sains Malaysia; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Saidi K, Hammami S. The impact of CO2 emissions and economic growth on energy consumption in 58 countries. Energy Rep. 2015;1:62–70. doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2015.01.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozsoy O. Budgetary trade-offs between defense, education and health expenditures: the case of Turkey. Def Peace Econ. 2002;13(2):129–136. doi:10.1080/10242690210968
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azam M, Khan AQ, Ozturk I. The effects of energy on investment, human health, environment and economic growth: empirical evidence from China. EnvironSci Pollut Res. 2019;26(11):10816–10825. doi:10.1007/s11356-019-04497-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar