Essen Stroke Risk Score Predicts Carotid Atherosclerosis in Chinese Community Populations

References

• Zhou M, Wang H, Zeng X, et al. Mortality, morbidity, and risk factors in China and its provinces, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2019;394(10204):1145–1158. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30427-131248666
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guglielmi V, LeCouffe NE, Zinkstok SM, et al; Investigators M-CR. Collateral circulation and outcome in atherosclerotic versus cardioembolic cerebral large vessel occlusion. Stroke. 2019;50(12):3360–3368. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.02629931658903
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrington W, Lacey B, Sherliker P, et al. Epidemiology of atherosclerosis and the potential to reduce the global burden of atherothrombotic disease. Circ Res. 2016;118(4):535–546. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.30761126892956
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu FY, Wu J, Tang Q, et al. Serum beta2-microglobulin is closely associated with the recurrence risk and 3-month outcome of acute ischemic stroke. Front Neurol. 2019;10:1334. doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.0133431998209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Trijp MJ, Uiterwaal CS, Bos WJ, et al. Noninvasive arterial measurements of vascular damage in healthy young adults: relation to coronary heart disease risk. Ann Epidemiol. 2006;16:71–77. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.09.00516305824
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song BG, Park JB, Cho SJ, et al. Pulse wave velocity is more closely associated with cardiovascular risk than augmentation index in the relatively low-risk population. Heart Vessels. 2009;24:413–418. doi:10.1007/s00380-009-1146-120108072
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews KA, Sowers MF, Derby CA, et al. Ethnic differences in cardiovascular risk factor burden among middle-aged women: study of women’s health across the nation (swan). Am Heart J. 2005;149:1066–1073. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2004.08.02715976790
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boulanger M, Li L, Lyons S, et al. Essen risk score in prediction of myocardial infarction after transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke without prior coronary artery disease. Stroke. 2019;50(12):3393–3399. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.02583131637970
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chuang S-Y, Bai C-H, Chen J-R, et al. Common carotid end-diastolic velocity and intima-media thickness jointly predict ischemic stroke in Taiwan. Stroke. 2011;42(5):1338–1344. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.60547721415400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermann DM, Gronewold J, Lehmann N, et al. Intima-media thickness predicts stroke risk in the heinz nixdorf recall study in association with vascular risk factors, age and gender. Atherosclerosis. 2012;224(1):84–89. doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.06.01922809448
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X, Li W, Song F, et al. Carotid atherosclerosis detected by ultrasonography: a national cross-sectional study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7:e008701.29622590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang G, Wang Y, Zeng Y, et al. Rapid health transition in China, 1990–2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2013;381(9882):1987–2015. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61097-123746901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan Y, Song T, Chen R, et al. Socioeconomic deprivation and mortality in people after ischemic stroke: the china national stroke registry. Int J Stroke. 2016;11(5):557–564. doi:10.1177/174749301664112127012272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weimar C, Diener H-C, Alberts MJ, et al; Investigators REoAfCHR. The essen stroke risk score predicts recurrent cardiovascular events: a validation within the reduction of atherothrombosis for continued health (reach) registry. Stroke. 2009;40(2):350–354. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.52141919023098
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson PWF, D’Agostino RB, Levy D, et al. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation. 1998;97(18):1837–1847. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.97.18.18379603539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naqvi TZ, Lee M-S. Carotid intima-media thickness and plaque in cardiovascular risk assessment. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;7(10):1025–1038. doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2013.11.01425051948
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bondonno CP, Blekkenhorst LC, Prince RL, et al. Association of vegetable nitrate intake with carotid atherosclerosis and ischemic cerebrovascular disease in older women. Stroke. 2017;48(7):1724–1729. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.01684428596448
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weimar C, Goertler M, Rother J, et al. Systemic risk score evaluation in ischemic stroke patients (scala): a prospective cross sectional study in 85 german stroke units. J Neurol. 2007;254(11):1562–1568. doi:10.1007/s00415-007-0590-z17668260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catalan M, Herreras Z, Pinyol M, et al. Prevalence by sex of preclinical carotid atherosclerosis in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2015;25:742–748.26033395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji X, Leng X-Y, Dong Y, et al. Modifiable risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Ann Transl Med. 2019;7(22):632. doi:10.21037/atm.2019.10.11531930033
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timmis A, Townsend N, Gale CP, et al; European Society of C. European Society of Cardiology: cardiovascular disease statistics 2019. Eur Heart J. 2020;41:12–85.31820000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim J-M, Park K-Y, Bae J-H, et al. Intracranial arterial calcifications can reflect cerebral atherosclerosis burden. J Clin Neurol. 2019;15(1):38–45. doi:10.3988/jcn.2019.15.1.3830375758
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong SJ, Ku NS, Han SH, et al. Anti-cytomegalovirus antibody levels are associated with carotid atherosclerosis and inflammatory cytokine production in elderly Koreans. Clin Chim Acta. 2015;445:65–69. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2015.03.01525797894
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobchak C, Akhtari S, Harvey P, et al. Value of carotid ultrasound in cardiovascular risk stratification in patients with psoriatic disease. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71(10):1651–1659. doi:10.1002/art.4092531165591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf PA, D’Agostino RB, Belanger AJ, et al. Probability of stroke: a risk profile from the Framingham Study. Stroke. 1991;22(3):312–318. doi:10.1161/01.STR.22.3.3122003301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carandang R, Seshadri S, Beiser A, et al. Trends in incidence, lifetime risk, severity, and 30-day mortality of stroke over the past 50 years. JAMA. 2006;296(24):2939–2946. doi:10.1001/jama.296.24.293917190894
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson CS, Carter KN, Hackett ML, et al; Auckland Regional Community Stroke Study G. Trends in stroke incidence in Auckland, New Zealand, during 1981 to 2003. Stroke. 2005;36(10):2087–2093. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000181079.42690.bf16151034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bineau S, Dufouil C, Helmer C, et al. Framingham stroke risk function in a large population-based cohort of elderly people: the 3c study. Stroke. 2009;40(5):1564–1570. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.53232519286599
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClure LA, Kleindorfer DO, Kissela BM, et al. Assessing the performance of the Framingham stroke risk score in the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke cohort. Stroke. 2014;45(6):1716–1720. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.00491524736237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan YX, Knuiman MW, Hung J, et al. Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and estradiol are differentially associated with carotid intima-media thickness and the presence of carotid plaque in men with and without coronary artery disease. Endocr J. 2015;62(9):777–786. doi:10.1507/endocrj.EJ15-019626073868
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khazai B, Golden SH, Colangelo LA, et al. Association of endogenous testosterone with subclinical atherosclerosis in men: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2016;84(5):700–707. doi:10.1111/cen.1299726663365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanhewicz AE, Wenner MM, Stachenfeld NS. Sex differences in endothelial function important to vascular health and overall cardiovascular disease risk across the lifespan. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2012;224(6):H1569–H1588. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00396.2018
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellulu MS, Patimah I, Khaza’ai H, et al. Obesity and inflammation: the linking mechanism and the complications. Arch Med Sci. 2017;13:851–863.28721154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pramukarso DT, Faradz SM, Sari S, et al. Association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (mthfr) polymorphism and carotid intima medial thickness progression in post ischaemic stroke patient. Ann Transl Med. 2015;3:324.26734634
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vishnu A, Choo J, Kadota A, et al. Comparison of carotid plaque burden among healthy middle-aged men living in the US, Japan, and South Korea. Int J Cardiol. 2018;266:245–249. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.03.01029887456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ihle-Hansen H, Vigen T, Ihle-Hansen H, et al. Prevalence of carotid plaque in a 63- to 65-year-old norwegian cohort from the general population: the ace (akershus cardiac examination) 1950 study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7. doi:10.1161/JAHA.118.008562
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu LS, Lai SH. Relationship between salt excretion and blood pressure in various regions of China: part 2. Bull World Health Organ. 1986;64:729–733.3492307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Intersalt: An international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Intersalt: an international study of electrolyte excretion and blood pressure. Results for 24 hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Intersalt Cooperative Research Group. BMJ. 1988;297(6644):319–328. doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6644.3193416162
   PubMedGoogle Scholar