Awareness of the Risk Factors for Heart Attack Among the General Public in Pahang, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study

References

• WHO. Cardiovascular diseases. WHO 2020 Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds). Accessed 117, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics on Causes of Death M. Principal causes of death. Available from: https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/pdfPrev&id=Y3psYUI2VjU0ZzRhZU1kcVFMMThGUT09. Accessed 15, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Mendis S, Thygesen K, Kuulasmaa K, et al. World Health Organization definition of myocardial infarction: 2008–09 revision. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40(1):139–146. doi:10.1093/ije/dyq16520926369
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajar R. Risk factors for coronary artery disease: historical perspectives. Heart Views. 2017;18(3):109. doi:10.4103/HEARTVIEWS.HEARTVIEWS_106_1729184622
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alam DS, Chowdhury MAH, Siddiquee AT, Ahmed S, Niessen LW. Awareness and control of hypertension in Bangladesh: follow-up of a hypertensive cohort. BMJ Open. 2014;4(12):e004983. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-004983
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy KS, Yusuf S. Emerging epidemic of cardiovascular disease in developing countries. Circulation. 1998;97(6):596–601. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.97.6.5969494031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Council PMR. National Health Survey of Pakistan 1990–1994: Pakistan Medical Research Council Karachi, Pakistan. 1998.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention and Control WHO; 1995; (EMRO Technical Publications Series, No.22). Available from: https://applications.emro.who.int/docs/em_rc45_10_en.pdf. Accessed December 21, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Virk A, Khan A, Bokhari A. Ischemic heart disease in the young population (35 years). a clinical profile. Pak J Cardiol. 1995;6(4):64–66.
   Google Scholar
• Siddiqui S, Ijaz B, Khan A. Coronary risk profile study. Pak J Med Res. 1992;31(2):94–101.
   Google Scholar
• Potvin L, Richard L, Edwards AC. Knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors among the Canadian population: relationships with indicators of socioeconomic status. Cmaj. 2000;162(9 suppl):S5–S11.10813022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bani IA, Hashim TJ. Knowledge of nutrition and coronary heart disease in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Community Health. 1999;24(6):467–473. doi:10.1023/A:101879872353210593426
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaziano TA. Reducing the growing burden of cardiovascular disease in the developing world. Health Aff. 2007;26(1):13–24. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.26.1.13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammad NB, Rahman NAA, Haque M. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients attending outpatient clinic in Kuantan, Malaysia. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2018;10(1):7. doi:10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_227_1729657502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamaludin TSS, Jorani S, Saidi S. Knowledge, awareness, and perception of coronary heart disease (CHD) among residents in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Enferm Clin. 2019;29:776–779. doi:10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.11731311745
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarriff A, Amin AM, Mostafa H. Public knowledge and awareness of cardiovascular diseases and the expected role of community pharmacists in the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases in Penang, Malaysia. Chiang Mai Univ J Nat Sci. 2014;13(3):355–370. doi:10.12982/CMUJNS.2014.0041
   Google Scholar
• Lip GY, Luscombe C, McCarry M, Malik I, Beevers G. Ethnic differences in public health awareness, health perceptions and physical exercise: implications for heart disease prevention. Ethn Health. 1996;1(1):47–53. doi:10.1080/13557858.1996.99617699395547
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rankin J, Bhopal R. Understanding of heart disease and diabetes in a South Asian community: cross-sectional study testing the ‘snowball’sample method. Public Health. 2001;115(4):253–260.11464296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed AAA, AL-Shami AM, Jamshed S, Nahas ARF. Development of questionnaire on awareness and action towards symptoms and risk factors of heart attack and stroke among a Malaysian population. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1300. doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7596-131619202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Association AH. Lifestyle Changes for Heart Attack Prevention; 2015 Available from: https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/life-after-a-heart-attack/lifestyle-changes-for-heart-attack-prevention. Accessed 35, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Jafary FH, Aslam F, Mahmud H, et al. Cardiovascular health knowledge and behavior in patient attendants at four tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan–a cause for concern. BMC Public Health. 2005;5(1):124. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-5-12416309553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan MS, Jafary FH, Jafar TH, et al. Knowledge of modifiable risk factors of heart disease among patients with acute myocardial infarction in Karachi, Pakistan: a cross sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2006;6(1):18. doi:10.1186/1471-2261-6-1816643643
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Khan NS, Shehnaz SI, Guruswami GK, Ibrahim SAM, Mustafa SAJ. Knowledge of warning signs, presenting symptoms and risk factors of coronary heart disease among the population of Dubai and Northern Emirates in UAE: a cross-sectional study. Nepal J Epidemiol. 2017;7(2):670. doi:10.3126/nje.v7i2.1797329181228
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Control C. Prevention, smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and productivity losses–United States, 2000–2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008;57(45):1226.19008791
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Awad A, Al-Nafisi H. Public knowledge of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in Kuwait: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):1131. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-113125367768
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ansa V, Oyo-Ita A, Essien O. Perception of ischaemic heart disease, knowledge of and attitude to reduction of its risk factors. East Afr Med J. 2007;84(7):318–323.17886425
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Banharak S, Zahrli T, Matsuo H. Public knowledge about risk factors, symptoms, and first decision-making in response to symptoms of heart attack among lay people. Pac Rim Int J Nurs Res. 2018;22(1):18–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukattash TL, Shara M, Jarab AS, Al‐Azzam SI, Almaaytah A, Al Hamarneh YN. Public knowledge and awareness of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors: a cross‐sectional study of 1000 Jordanians. Int J Pharm Pract. 2012;20(6):367–376. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7174.2012.00208.x23134095
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gill R, Chow C-M. Knowledge of heart disease and stroke among cardiology inpatients and outpatients in a Canadian inner-city urban hospital. Can J Cardiol. 2010;26(10):537–541. doi:10.1016/S0828-282X(10)70468-221165363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muhamad R, Yahya R, Yusoff HM. Knowledge, attitude and practice on cardiovascular disease among women in North-Eastcoast Malaysia. Int J Collab Res Inter Med Public Health. 2012;4(1).
   Google Scholar
• Emirates. Awareness campaign on cardiovascular diseases. Ministry of Health Available from: http://www.mohap.gov.ae/en/MediaCenter/News/Pages/1346.aspx. Accessed 1124, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Hassan N, Baharom N, Dawam N, et al. Strengthening quit smoking services in Malaysia through Malaysia Quit (mQuit) Program. Presented at: TOBACCO INDUCED DISEASES; 2018; Izmir, Turkey.
   Google Scholar
• Al Hamarneh YN, Crealey GE, McElnay JC. Coronary heart disease: health knowledge and behaviour. Int J Clin Pharm. 2011;33(1):111–123. doi:10.1007/s11096-010-9467-921365403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean DL, McAlister FA, Johnson JA, et al. A randomized trial of the effect of community pharmacist and nurse care on improving blood pressure management in patients with diabetes mellitus: Study of Cardiovascular Risk Intervention by Pharmacists–Hypertension (SCRIP-HTN). Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(21):2355–2361. doi:10.1001/archinte.168.21.235519029501
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Choinière R, Lafontaine P, Edwards AC. Distribution of cardiovascular disease risk factors by socioeconomic status among Canadian adults. Cmaj. 2000;162(9 suppl):S13–S24.10813023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petriček G, Vrcić-Keglević M, Vuletić G, Cerovečki V, Ožvačić Z, Murgić L. Illness perception and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: cross-sectional questionnaire study. Croat Med J. 2009;50(6):583–593. doi:10.3325/cmj.2009.50.58320017227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baliga BS, Weinberger J. Diabetes and stroke: part one—risk factors and pathophysiology. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2006;8(1):23–28. doi:10.1007/s11886-006-0006-116507231
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim EM, Hwang SY, Kim AL. Knowledge of stroke and heart attack symptoms and risk factors among rural elderly people: a questionnaire survey. Korean Circ J. 2011;41(5):259–264. doi:10.4070/kcj.2011.41.5.25921731567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Intas G, Tsolakoglou J, Stergiannis P, Chalari E, Eleni C, Fildissis G. Do greek citizens have minimum knowledge about heart attack? A survey. Health Sci J. 2015;9(5):1.
   Google Scholar
• Thanavaro JL, Moore SM, Anthony MK, Narsavage G, Delicath T. Predictors of poor coronary heart disease knowledge level in women without prior coronary heart disease. J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2006;18(12):574–581. doi:10.1111/j.1745-7599.2006.00174.x17184310
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attarchi M, Mohammadi S, Nojomi M, Labbafinejad Y. Knowledge and practice assessment of workers in a pharmaceutical company about prevention of coronary artery disease. Acta Med Iran. 2012;697–703.23275286
   PubMedGoogle Scholar