81
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Pregnancy

Intracardiac echogenic focus and trisomy 21 in a population previously evaluated by first-trimester combined screening

, , &
Pages 1017-1023 | Received 22 Dec 2009, Accepted 11 Apr 2010, Published online: 03 Jun 2010

References

  • Allan LD. Manual of fetal echocardiography. London: MTP Press, 1986.
  • Dagklis T, Plasencia W, Maiz N, Duarte L, Nicolaides KH. Choroid plexus cyst, intracardiac echogenic focus, hyperechogenic bowel and hydronephrosis in screening for trisomy 21 at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2008;31:132–5.
  • Schechter AG, Fakhry J, Shapiro LR, Gewitz MH. In utero thickening of the chordae tendinae. A cause of intracardiac echogenic foci. J Ultrasound Med. 1987;6:691–5.
  • Achiron R, Lipitz S, Gabbay U, Yagel S. Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of fetal heart echogenic foci: no correlation with Down's syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 1997;89:945–8.
  • Bromley B, Lieberman E, Shipp TD, Richardson M, Benacerraf BR. Significance of an echogenic intracardiac focus in fetuses at high and low risk for aneuploidy. J Ultrasound Med. 1998;17:127–31.
  • Anderson N, Jyoti R. Relationship of isolated fetal intracardiac echogenic focus to trisomy 21 at the mid-trimester sonogram in women younger than 35 years. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2003;21:354–8.
  • Manning JE, Ragavendra N, Sayre J, Laifer-Narin SL, Melany ML, Grant EG, Significance of fetal intracardiac echogenic foci in relation to trisomy 21: a prospective sonographic study of high-risk pregnant women. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998;170:1083–4.
  • Cheng PJ, Liu CM, Chueh HY, Lin CM, Soong YK. First-trimester nuchal translucency measurement and echocardiography at 16 to 18 weeks of gestation in prenatal detection for trisomy 18. Prenat Diagn. 2003;23:248–51.
  • Cheng PJ, Chang SD, Shaw SW, Soong YK. Nuchal translucency thickness in fetuses with chromosomal translocation at 11–12 weeks of gestation. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;105(5 Pt 1):1058–62.
  • American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. AIUM Practice Guideline for the performance of an antepartum obstetric ultrasound examination. J Ultrasound Med. 2003;22:1116–25.
  • Merati R, Lovotti M, Norchi S, Teatini A, Tenore AC, Belloni C. Prevalence of fetal left ventricular hyperechogenic foci in a low risk population. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1996;103:1102–4.
  • Shipp TD, Bromley B, Lieberman E, Benacerraf BR. The frequency of the detection of fetal echogenic intracardiac foci with respect to maternal race. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2000;15:460–2.
  • Tran SH, Caughey AB, Norton ME. Ethnic variation in the prevalence of echogenic intracardiac foci and the association with Down's syndrome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2005;26:158–61.
  • Lim L, Aptekar L, Bombard A, Juliard K, Meenakshi B, Weiner Z. Ethnicity and other factors that may affect the prevalence of echogenic intracardiac foci in the fetus. J Clin Ultrasound. 2006;34:327–9.
  • Roberts DJ, Genest D. Cardiac histologic pathology characteristic of trisomies 13 and 21. Hum Pathol. 1992;23:1130–40.
  • Vibhakar NI, Budorick NE, Scioscia AL, Harby LD, Mullen ML, Sklansky MS. Prevalence of aneuploidy with a cardiac intraventricular echogenic focus in an at-risk patient population. J Ultrasound Med. 1999;18:265–8.
  • Sohl BD, Scioscia AL, Budorick NE, Moore TR. Utility of minor ultrasonographic markers in the prediction of abnormal fetal karyotype at a prenatal diagnostic center. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999;181:898–903.
  • Wax JR, Mather J, Steinfeld JD, Ingardia CJ. Fetal intracardiac echogenic foci: current understanding and clinical significance. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2000;55:303–11.
  • Wax JR, Royer D, Mather J, Chen C, Aponte-García A, Steinfeld JD, A preliminary study of sonographic grading of fetal intracardiac echogenic foci: feasibility, reliability and association with aneuploidy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2000;16:123–7.
  • Smith-Bindman R, Hosmer W, Feldstein VA, Deeks JJ, Goldberg JD. Second-trimester ultrasound to detect fetuses with Down's syndrome: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2001;285:1044–55.
  • Smith-Bindman R, Chu P, Goldberg JD. Second trimester prenatal ultrasound for the detection of pregnancies at increased risk of Down's syndrome. Prenat Diagn. 2007;27:535–44.
  • Caughey AB, Lyell DJ, Filly RA, Washington AE, Norton ME. The impact of the use of the isolated echogenic intracardiac focus as a screen for Down's syndrome in women under the age of 35 years. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001;185:1021–7.
  • Nyberg DA, Souter VL, El-Bastawissi A, Young S, Luthhardt F, Luthy DA. Isolated sonographic markers for detection of fetal Down's syndrome in the second trimester of pregnancy. J Ultrasound Med. 2001;20:1053–63.
  • Bromley B, Lieberman E, Shipp TD, Benacerraf BR. The genetic sonogram: a method of risk assessment for Down's syndrome in the second trimester. J Ultrasound Med. 2002;21:1087–96.
  • Wax JR, Cartin A, Pinette MG, Blackstone J, Michaud J, Byers S, Sonographic grading of fetal intracardiac echogenic foci in a population at low risk of aneuploidy. J Clin Ultrasound. 2003;31:31–8.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.