Reversal of primary root caries lesions after daily intake of milk supplemented with fluoride and probiotic lactobacilli in older adults

References

• Beck J. The epidemiology of root surface caries. J Dent Res 1990;69:1216–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fure S. Five-year incidence of caries, salivary and microbial conditions in 60-, 70- and 80-year-old Swedish individuals. Caries Res 1998;32:166–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hix JO, O'Leary TJ. The relationship between cemental caries, oral hygiene status and fermentable carbohydrate intake. J Periodontol 1976;47:398–404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fure S, Zickert I. Root surface caries and associated factors. Scand J Dent Res 1990;98:391–400.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ekstrand K, Martignon S, Holm-Pedersen P. Development and evaluation of two root caries controlling programmes for home-based frail people older than 75 years. Gerodontology 2008;25:67–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saunders RH, Jr, Meyerowitz C. Dental caries in older adults. Dent Clin North Am 2005;49:293–308.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Österberg T, Johanson C, Sundh V, Steen B, Birkhed D. Secular trends of dental status in five 70-year-old cohorts between 1971 and 2001. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2006;34:446–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson G, Almqvist H. Non-invasive management of superficial root caries lesions in disabled and infirm patients. Gerodontology 2003;20:9–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fure S. Ten-year incidence of tooth loss and dental caries in elderly Swedish individuals. Caries Res 2003;37:462–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundgren M, Emilson CG, Österberg T, Steen G, Birkhed D, Steen B. Dental caries and related factors in 88- and 92-year-olds. Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons. Acta Odontol Scand 1997;55:282–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heijnsbroek M., Paraskevas S, van der Weijden GA. Fluoride interventions for root caries: a review. Oral Health Prev Dent 2007;5:145–152.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Griffin SO, Regnier E, Griffin PM, Effectiveness of fluoride in preventing caries in adults. J Dent Res 2007;86:410–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baysan A, Lynch E, Ellwood R, Davies R, Petersson L, Borsboom P. Reversal of primary root caries using dentifrices containing 5,000 and 1,100 ppm fluoride. Caries Res 2001;35:41–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeung CA, Hitchings JL, Macfarlane TV, Threlfall AG, Tickle M, Glenny AM. Fluoridated milk for preventing dental caries Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;3:CD003876.
   Google Scholar
• Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organisation Expert Consultation: evaluation of health and nutritional properties of powder milk and live lactic acid bacteria. 2001. Available online at: http://www.who.int/foodsafety/fs_management/en/probiotic_guidelines, accessed July 24, 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Bonifait L, Chandad F, Grenier D. Probiotics for oral health: myth or reality? J Can Dent Assoc 2009;75:585–90.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Teughels W, van Essche M, Sliepen I, Quirynen M. Probiotics and oral healthcare. Periodontol 2000 2008;48:111–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stecksén-Blicks C, Sjöström I, Twetman S. Effect of long-term consumption of milk supplemented with probiotic lactobacilli and fluoride on dental caries and general health in preschool children: a cluster-randomized study. Caries Res 2009;43:374–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersson LG, Hakestam U, Baigi A, Lynch E. Remineralization of primary root caries lesions using an amine fluoride rinse and dentifrice twice a day. Am J Dent 2007;20:93–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baysan A, Prinz JF, Lynch E. Clinical criteria used to detect primary root caries with electrical and mechanical measurements in vitro. Am J Dent 2004;17:94–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longbottom C, Huysmans MC. Electrical measurements for use in caries clinical trials. J Dent Res 2004;83(Spec Issue No C):C76–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Petersson LG, Kambara M. Remineralisation study of artificial root caries lesions after fluoride treatment. An in vitro study using electric caries monitor and transversal micro-radiography. Gerodontology 2004;21:85–92.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ten Cate JM. Fluorides in caries prevention and control: empiricism or science. Caries Res 2004;38:254–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyvad B, ten Cate JM, Fejerskov O. Arrest of root surface caries in situ. J Dent Res 1997;76:1845–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fure S, LingstrÖm P. Evaluation of different fluoride treatments of initial root carious lesions in vivo. Oral Health Prev Dent 2009;7:147–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bánóczy J, Rugg-Gunn AJ. Caries prevention through the fluoridation of milk. A review. Fogorv Sz 2007;100:185–92.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Edgar WM. Basic science studies. In: Bánócy J, Petersen PE, Rugg-Gunn AJ, editors. Milk fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries. Geneva: WHO; 2009. p 67–92.
   Google Scholar
• Takahashi N, Nyvad B. Caries ecology revisited: microbial dynamics and the caries process. Caries Res 2008;42:409–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton IR. Effects of fluoride on enzymatic regulation of bacterial carbohydrate metabolism. Caries Res 1977;11(Suppl 1):262–91.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bradshaw DJ, McKee AS, Marsh PD. Prevention of population shifts in oral microbial communities in vitro by low fluoride concentrations. J Dent Res 1990;69:436–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Loveren C, Hoogenkamp MA, Deng DM, ten Cate JM. Effects of different kinds of fluorides on enolase and ATPase activity of a fluoride-sensitive and fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans strain. Caries Res 2008;42:429–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahola AJ, Yli-Knuuttila H, Suomalainen T, Poussa T, Ahlström A, Meurman JH, Short-term consumption of probiotic-containing cheese and its effect on dental caries risk factors. Arch Oral Biol 2002;47:799–804.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caglar E, Cildir SK, Ergeneli S, Sandalli N, Twetman S. Salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli levels after ingestion of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 by straws or tablets. Acta Odontol Scand 2006;64:314–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Näse L, Hatakka K, Savilahti E, Saxelin M, Pönkä A, Poussa T, Effect of long-term consumption of a probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, in milk on dental caries and caries risk in children. Caries Res 2001;35:412–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatakka K, Ahola AJ, Yli-Knuuttila H, Richardson M, Poussa T, Meurman JH, Probiotics reduce the prevalence of oral candida in the elderly–a randomized controlled trial. J Dent Res 2007;86:125–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devine DA, Marsh PD. Prospects for the development of probiotics and prebiotics for oral applications. J Oral Microbiol 2009; DOI:10.3402/jom.v1iO.1949.
   Google Scholar
• Marsh PD. Dental plaque as a biofilm: the significance of pH in health and caries. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2009;30:76–8, 80, 83–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar