171
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Periodontal inflammatory burden correlates with C-reactive protein serum level

, , &
Pages 520-528 | Received 16 May 2011, Accepted 11 Aug 2011, Published online: 14 Feb 2012

References

  • Hugoson A, Norderyd O. Has the prevalence of periodontitis changed during the last 30 years? J Clin Periodontol 2008;35(Suppl 8):338–45.
  • Al-Shammari KF, Al-Khabbaz AK, Al-Ansari JM, Neiva R, Wang HL. Risk indicators for tooth loss due to periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2005;76:1910–8.
  • Burt B. Position paper: epidemiology of periodontal diseases. J Periodontol 2005;76:1406–19.
  • Bahekar AA, Singh S, Saha S, Molnar J, Arora R. The prevalence and incidence of coronary heart disease is significantly increased in periodontitis: a meta-analysis. Am Heart J 2007;154:830–7.
  • Khader YS, Albashaireh ZS, Alomari MA. Periodontal diseases and the risk of coronary heart and cerebrovascular diseases: a meta-analysis. J Periodontol 2004;75:1046–53.
  • Janket SJ, Baird AE, Chuang SK, Jones JA. Meta-analysis of periodontal disease and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003;95:559–69.
  • Saremi A, Nelson RG, Tulloch-Reid M, Hanson RL, Sievers ML, Taylor GW, Periodontal disease and mortality in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005;28:27–32.
  • Khader YS, Dauod AS, El-Qaderi SS, Alkafajei A, Batayha WQ. Periodontal status of diabetics compared with nondiabetics: a meta-analysis. J Diabetes Complications 2006;20:59–68.
  • Scannapieco FA, Bush RB, Paju S. Associations between periodontal disease and risk for nosocomial bacterial pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A systematic review. Ann Periodontol 2003;8:54–69.
  • Khader YS, Ta'ani Q. Periodontal diseases and the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight: a meta-analysis. J Periodontol 2005;76:161–5.
  • Offenbacher S, Katz V, Fertik G, Collins J, Boyd D, Maynor G, Periodontal infection as a possible risk factor for preterm low birth weight. J Periodontol 1996;67(Suppl 10):1103–13.
  • Scannapieco FA, Bush RB, Paju S. Periodontal disease as a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. A systematic review. Ann Periodontol 2003;8:70–8.
  • Wimmer G, Pihlstrom BL. A critical assessment of adverse pregnancy outcome and periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 2008;35(Suppl 8):380–97.
  • Paraskevas S, Huizinga JD, Loos BG. A systematic review and meta-analyses on C-reactive protein in relation to periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2008;35:277–90.
  • Pepys MB, Hirschfield GM. C-reactive protein: a critical update. J Clin Invest 2003;111:1805–12.
  • Dhingra R, Gona P, Nam BH, D'Agostino RB, Sr, Wilson PW, Benjamin EJ, C-reactive protein, inflammatory conditions, and cardiovascular disease risk. Am J Med 2007;120:1054–62.
  • Danesh J, Collins R, Appleby P, Peto R. Association of fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, albumin, or leukocyte count with coronary heart disease: meta-analyses of prospective studies. JAMA 1998;279:1477–82.
  • Ridker PM, Brown NJ, Vaughan DE, Harrison DG, Mehta JL. Established and emerging plasma biomarkers in the prediction of first atherothrombotic events. Circulation 2004;109(25 Suppl 1):IV6–19; doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000133444.17867.56.
  • Ridker PM, Cushman M, Stampfer MJ, Tracy RP, Hennekens CH. Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men. N Engl J Med 1997;336:973–9.
  • Kaptoge S, Di Angelantonio E, Lowe G, Pepys MB, Thompson SG, Collins R, C-reactive protein concentration and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis. Lancet 2010;375:132–40.
  • Moshage HJ, Roelofs HM, van Pelt JF, Hazenberg BP, van Leeuwen MA, Limburg PC, The effect of interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and its interrelationship on the synthesis of serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein in primary cultures of adult human hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1988;155:112–7.
  • Inoue N. Vascular C-reactive protein in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease: role of vascular inflammation and oxidative stress. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2006;6:227–31.
  • Libby P, Ridker PM, Maseri A. Inflammation and atherosclerosis. Circulation 2002;105:1135–43.
  • Maekawa T, Tabeta K, Kajita-Okui K, Nakajima T, Yamazaki K. Increased expression of C-reactive protein gene in inflamed gingival tissues could be derived from endothelial cells stimulated with interleukin-6. Arch Oral Biol 2011;56:1312–8.
  • Wolbink GJ, Brouwer MC, Buysmann S, ten Berge IJ, Hack CE. CRP-mediated activation of complement in vivo: assessment by measuring circulating complement-C-reactive protein complexes. J Immunol 1996;157:473–9.
  • Pasceri V, Willerson JT, Yeh ET. Direct proinflammatory effect of C-reactive protein on human endothelial cells. Circulation 2000;102:2165–8.
  • Pasceri V, Cheng JS, Willerson JT, Yeh ET. Modulation of C-reactive protein-mediated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 induction in human endothelial cells by anti-atherosclerosis drugs. Circulation 2001;103:2531–4.
  • Montero I, Orbe J, Varo N, Beloqui O, Monreal JI, Rodriguez JA, C-reactive protein induces matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -10 in human endothelial cells: implications for clinical and subclinical atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:1369–78.
  • Jandik KA, Belanger M, Low SL, Dorn BR, Yang MC, Progulske-Fox A. Invasive differences among Porphyromonas gingivalis strains from healthy and diseased periodontal sites. J Periodontal Res 2008;43:524–30.
  • Rautemaa R, Jarvensivu A, Kari K, Wahlgren J, DeCarlo A, Richardson M, Intracellular localization of Porphyromonas gingivalis thiol proteinase in periodontal tissues of chronic periodontitis patients. Oral Dis 2004;10:298–305.
  • Nishimura F, Taniguchi A, Iwamoto Y, Soga Y, Fukushima M, Nagasaka S, Porphyromonas gingivalis infection is associated with elevated C-reactive protein in nonobese Japanese type 2 diabetic subjects. Diabetes Care 2002;25:1888.
  • Noack B, Genco RJ, Trevisan M, Grossi S, Zambon JJ, De Nardin E. Periodontal infections contribute to elevated systemic C-reactive protein level. J Periodontol 2001;72:1221–7.
  • Slade GD, Offenbacher S, Beck JD, Heiss G, Pankow JS. Acute-phase inflammatory response to periodontal disease in the US population. J Dent Res 2000;79:49–57.
  • Yamaguchi M, Nishimura F, Naruishi H, Soga Y, Kokeguchi S, Takashiba S. Thiazolidinedione (pioglitazone) blocks P. gingivalis- and F. nucleatum, but not E. coli, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in adipocytes. J Dent Res 2005;84:240–4.
  • Okabe K, Nakagawa K, Yamamoto E. Factors affecting the occurrence of bacteremia associated with tooth extraction. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995;24:239–42.
  • Debelian GJ, Olsen I, Tronstad L. Bacteremia in conjunction with endodontic therapy. Endod Dent Traumatol 1995;11:142–9.
  • Lafaurie GI, Mayorga-Fayad I, Torres MF, Castillo DM, Aya MR, Baron A, Periodontopathic microorganisms in peripheric blood after scaling and root planing. J Clin Periodontol 2007;34:873–9.
  • Lucartorto FM, Franker CK, Maza J. Postscaling bacteremia in HIV-associated gingivitis and periodontitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1992;73:550–4.
  • Lofthus JE, Waki MY, Jolkovsky DL, Otomo-Corgel J, Newman MG, Flemmig T, Bacteremia following subgingival irrigation and scaling and root planing. J Periodontol 1991;62:602–7.
  • Silver JG, Martin AW, McBride BC. Experimental transient bacteraemias in human subjects with varying degrees of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. J Clin Periodontol 1977;4:92–9.
  • Geerts SO, Nys M, De MP, Charpentier J, Albert A, Legrand V, Systemic release of endotoxins induced by gentle mastication: association with periodontitis severity. J Periodontol 2002;73:73–8.
  • Blake GJ, Ridker PM. Inflammatory bio-markers and cardiovascular risk prediction. J Intern Med 2002;252:283–94.
  • Beck J, Garcia R, Heiss G, Vokonas PS, Offenbacher S. Periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. J Periodontol 1996;67(Suppl 10):1123–37.
  • Nesse W, Abbas F, van der Ploeg I, Spijkervet FK, Dijkstra PU, Vissink A. Periodontal inflamed surface area: quantifying inflammatory burden. J Clin Periodontol 2008;35:668–73.
  • Offenbacher S, Beck JD, Lieff S, Slade G. Role of periodontitis in systemic health: spontaneous preterm birth. J Dent Educ 1998;62:852–8.
  • Page RC. The pathobiology of periodontal diseases may affect systemic diseases: inversion of a paradigm. Ann Periodontol 1998;3:108–20.
  • Hujoel PP, White BA, Garcia RI, Listgarten MA. The dentogingival epithelial surface area revisited. J Periodontal Res 2001;36:48–55.
  • Kovac-Kavcic M, Skaleric U. The change of periodontal treatment needs in a population of Ljubljana, Slovenia, over a ten year period. J Int Acad Periodontol 2000;2:94–100.
  • Skaleric U, Kovac-Kavcic M. Periodontal treatment needs in a population of Ljubljana, Yugoslavia. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1989;17:304–6.
  • Skaleric E, Petelin M, Kovac-Kavcic M, Skaleric U. Periodontal treatment needs in population of Ljubljana - twenty years after first examination. Slovenian Dental Journal 2008;63:63–6.
  • King DE, Mainous AG, 3rd, Buchanan TA, Pearson WS. C-reactive protein and glycemic control in adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003;26:1535–9.
  • Zhang HF, Zhu ZY, Yao WM, Xu F, Liang NX, Gong L, [Relationship between high-sensitive c-reactive and blood pressure]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2010;38:993–7.
  • Sennels H, Sorensen S, Ostergaard M, Knudsen L, Hansen M, Skjodt H, Circulating levels of osteopontin, osteoprotegerin, total soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis randomized to etanercept alone or in combination with methotrexate. Scand J Rheumatol 2008;37:241–7.
  • Slade GD, Ghezzi EM, Heiss G, Beck JD, Riche E, Offenbacher S. Relationship between periodontal disease and C-reactive protein among adults in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:1172–9.
  • Rooks C, Faber T, Votaw J, Veledar E, Goldberg J, Raggi P, Effects of smoking on coronary microcirculatory function: a twin study. Atherosclerosis 2011;215:500–6.
  • Kones R. Rosuvastatin, inflammation, C-reactive protein, JUPITER, and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease–a perspective. Drug Des Devel Ther 2010;4:383–413.
  • Hugoson A, Laurell L, Lundgren D. Frequency distribution of individuals aged 20–70 years according to severity of periodontal disease experience in 1973 and 1983. J Clin Periodontol 1992;19:227–32.
  • Brown LJ, Oliver RC, Loe H. Periodontal diseases in the U.S. in 1981: prevalence, severity, extent, and role in tooth mortality. J Periodontol 1989;60:363–70.
  • Albandar JM. Global risk factors and risk indicators for periodontal diseases. Periodontol 2000 2002;29:177–206.
  • Desvarieux M, Schwahn C, Volzke H, Demmer RT, Ludemann J, Kessler C, Gender differences in the relationship between periodontal disease, tooth loss, and atherosclerosis. Stroke 2004;35:2029–35.
  • Hujoel PP. A meta-analysis of normal ranges for root surface areas of the permanent dentition. J Clin Periodontol 1994;21:225–9.
  • Salzberg TN, Overstreet BT, Rogers JD, Califano JV, Best AM, Schenkein HA. C-reactive protein levels in patients with aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontol 2006;77:933–9.
  • Loos BG, Craandijk J, Hoek FJ, Wertheim-van Dillen PM, van der Velden U. Elevation of systemic markers related to cardiovascular diseases in the peripheral blood of periodontitis patients. J Periodontol 2000;71:1528–34.
  • Ridker PM. Clinical application of C-reactive protein for cardiovascular disease detection and prevention. Circulation 2003;107:363–9.
  • Nesse W, Linde A, Abbas F, Spijkervet FK, Dijkstra PU, de Brabander EC, Dose-response relationship between periodontal inflamed surface area and HbA1c in type 2 diabetics. J Clin Periodontol 2009;36:295–300.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.