Back-scattered and secondary electron images of scanning electron microscopy in dentistry: a new method for surface analysis

References

• McComb D, Smith DC. A preliminary scanning electron microscopic study of root canals after endodontic procedures. J Endod 1975;1:238–42.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yamada RS, Armas A, Goldman M, Lin PS. A scanning electron microscopic comparison of a high volume final flush with several irrigating solutions: part 3. J Endod 1983;9:137–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saleh IM, Ruyter IE, Haapasalo MP, Orstavik D. Adhesion of endodontic sealers: scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. J Endod 2003;29:595–601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato M, Homma K, Komura F, Furuya T. Scanning electron microscope. United States patents US Patent 4,803,358. 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Lloyd GE. Atomic number and crystallographic contrast images with the SEM: a review of backscattered electron techniques. Mineral Mag 1987;51:3–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole DA, Shallenberger JR, Novak SW, Moore RL. SiO2 thickness determination by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, Rutherford backscattering, transmission electron microscopy, and ellipsometry. J Vac Sci Technol B 2000;18:440–4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torabinejad M, Handysides R, Khademi AA, Bakland LK. Clinical implications of the smear layer in endodontics: a review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002;94:658–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garberoglio R, Brännström M. Scanning electron microscopic investigation of human dentinal tubules. Arch Oral Biol 1976;21:355–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannocci F, Innocenti M, Ferrari M. Stereomicroscopic and scanning electron microscopic study of roots obturated with vertically condensed gutta-percha, epoxy resin cement, and dentin bonding agent. J Endod 1998;24:397–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergenholtz G, Lekholm U, Milthon R, Heden G, Odesjö B, Engström B. Retreatment of endodontic fillings. Scand J Dent Res 1979;87:217–24.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Somma F, Cammarota G, Plotino G, Grande NM, Pameijer CH. The effectiveness of manual and mechanical instrumentation for the retreatment of three different root canal filling materials. J Endod 2008;34:466–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yasuda Y, Ogawa M, Arakawa T, Kadowaki T, Saito T. The effect of mineral trioxide aggregate on the mineralization ability of rat dental pulp cells: an in vitro study. J Endod 2008;34:1057–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danesh F, Tootian Z, Jahanbani J, Rabiee M, Fazelipour S, Taghva O, Biocompatibility and mineralization activity of fresh or set white mineral trioxide aggregate, biomimetic carbonated apatite, and synthetic hydroxyapatite. J Endod 2010;36:1036–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saghiri MA, Asgar K, Daliri M, Lotfi M, Delvarani A, Morphological behavior and attachment of p19 neural cells to root-end filling materials. Scanning 2010;32:369–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen SL. Introduction: applications of scanning electron microscopy to archaeology. In: British Archaeological Society Scanning electron microscopy in archaeology. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports; 1988. p 3–7.
   Google Scholar
• Prior DJ, Boyle AP, Brenker F, Cheadle MC, Day A, Lopez G, The application of electron backscatter diffraction and orientation contrast imaging in the SEM to textural problems in rocks. Am Mineral 1999;84:1741–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed SJB. Electron microprobe analysis and scanning electron microscopy in geology. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2005. p 55–61.
   Google Scholar
• Dingley D. Progressive steps in the development of electron backscatter diffraction and orientation imaging microscopy. J Microsc 2004;213:214–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dingley DJ, Randle V. Microtexture determination by electron back-scatter diffraction. J Mater Sci 1992;27:4545-66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baba-Kishi KZ, Dingley DJ. Backscatter Kikuchi diffraction in the SEM for identification of crystallographic point groups. Scanning 1989;11:305–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michael JR, Goehner RP. Crystallographic phase identification in the scanning electron microscope: backscattered electron kikuchi patterns imaged with a CCD-Based detector. MSA Bulletin 1993;23:168.
   Google Scholar
• Kamaya M, Wilkinson AJ, Titchmarsh JM. Quantification of plastic strain of stainless steel and nickel alloy by electron backscatter diffraction. Acta Mater 2006;54:539–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walther P, Autrata R, Chen Y, Pawley JB. Backscattered electron imaging for high resolution surface scanning electron microscopy with a new type YAG-detector. Scanning Microsc 1991;5:301–9; discussion 310.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pawley JB, Erlandsen SL. The case for low voltage high resolution scanning electron microscopy of biological samples. Scanning Microsc Suppl 1989;3:163–78.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frankel RS, Aitken DW. Energy-dispersive x-ray emission spectroscopy. Appl Spectrosc 1970;24:557–614.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozzola JJ, Russell LD. Principles and techniques for biologists. In: Jones & Bartlett Publisher Electron microscopy. Sudbury: MA: John and Bartlett; 1999. p 50–71.
   Google Scholar
• Torabinejad M, Khademi AA, Babagoli J, Cho Y, Johnson WB, Bozhilov K, A new solution for the removal of the smear layer. J Endod 2003;29:170–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carvalho AS, Camargo CH, Valera MC, Camargo SE, Mancini MN. Smear layer removal by auxiliary chemical substances in biomechanical preparation: a scanning electron microscope study. J Endod 2008;34:1396–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saghiri MA, Lotfi M, Joupari MD, Aeinehchi M, Saghiri AM. Effects of storage temperature on surface hardness, microstructure, and phase formation of white mineral trioxide aggregate. J Endod 2010;36:1414–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saghiri MA, Lotfi M, Saghiri AM, Vosoughhosseini S, Aeinehchi M, Ranjkesh B. Scanning electron micrograph and surface hardness of mineral trioxide aggregate in the presence of alkaline pH. J Endod 2009;35:706–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar