References
- Guilleminault C, Tilkian A, Dement WC. The sleep apnea syndrome. Annu Rev Med 1976; 27: 465–84
- Chen N-H, Li Kasey K, Li S-Y, Wang C-R, Chuang M-L, Hwang C-C, et al. Airway assessment by volumetric computed tomography in snorers and subjects with obstructive sleep apnea in Far-East Asian Population (Chinese). Laryngoscope 2002; 112: 721–6
- Partinen M, Guilleminault C, Quera-Salva MA, Jamieson A. Obstructive sleep apnea and cephalometric roentgenograms. The role of anatomic upper airway abnormalities in the definition of abnormal breathing during sleep. Chest 1988; 93: 1199–205
- Sher AE, Thorpy MJ, Shprintzen RJ, Spielman AJ, Burack B, McGregor PA. Predictive value of Muller maneuver in selection of patients for uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Laryngoscope 1985; 95: 1483–7
- Walsh JK, Katsantonis GP, Schweitzer PK, Verde JN, Muehlbach M. Somnofluoroscopy: cineradiographic observation of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep 1985; 8: 294–7
- Chen N-H, Murray WJ, Li H-Y, Chu C-C, Liang S-C, Shu Y-H, et al. Validation of a Chinese version of the Epworth sleepiness scale. Qual Life Res 2002; 11: 817–21
- Chen N-H, Li H-Y, Gliklich RE, Chu C-C, Liang S-C. Validation assessment of the Chinese version of the snore outcomes survey. Qual Life Res 2002; 11: 601–7
- Rechtschaffen, A, Kales, A. A manual of standardized terminology techniques and scoring system for sleep stages of hyman subjects1st edn. Los Angeles: Brain Information Service/Brain Research Institute, University of California, 1968.
- Sleep-related breathing disorders in adults: recommendations for syndrome definition and measurement techniques in clinical research. The Report of an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Task Force. Sleep 1999;22:667–89.
- Schwab RJ. Upper airway imaging. Clin Chest Med 1998; 19: 33–54
- Sher AE, Schechtman KB, Piccirillo JF. The efficacy of surgical modifications of the upper airway in adults with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep 1996; 19: 156–77
- Shepard JW, Jr, Gefter WB, Guilleminault C, Hoffman EA, Hoffstein V, Hudgel DW, et al. Evaluation of the upper airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep 1991; 14: 361–71
- Woodson BT, Wooten MR. Comparison of upper-airway evaluations during wakefulness and sleep. Laryngoscope 1994; 104: 821–8
- Lin S-W, Chen N-H, Li H-Y, Fang T-J, Huang C-C, Tsai Y-H, et al. A comparison of the long-term outcome and effects of surgery or continuous positive airway pressure on patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Laryngoscope 2006; 116: 1012–16
- Schwab RJ, Gefter WB, Hoffman EA, Gupta KB, Pack AI. Dynamic upper airway imaging during awake respiration in normal subjects and patients with sleep disordered breathing. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 148: 1385–400
- Ciscar MA, Juan G, Martinez V, Ramon M, Lloret T, Minguez J, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pharynx in OSA patients and healthy subjects. Eur Respir J 2001; 17: 79–86
- Suto Y, Matsuda E, Inoue Y, Suzuki T, Ohta Y. Sleep apnea syndrome: comparison of MR imaging of the oropharynx with physiologic indexes. Radiology 1996; 201: 393–8
- Ikeda K, Ogura M, Oshima T, Suzuki H, Higano S, Takahashi S, et al. Quantitative assessment of the pharyngeal airway by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2001; 110: 183–9
- Dolly FR, Block AJ. Effect of flurazepam on sleep disordered breathing and nocturnal oxygen desaturation in asymptomatic subjects. Am J Med 1990; 88: 25–8
- Cohn MA. Effects of zolpidem, codeine phosphate and placebo on respiration. A double-blind, crossover study in volunteers. Drug Safety 1993; 9: 312–19