References
- Lee D, Aronson E. Visual proprioceptive control of standing in human infants. Perception and Psychophysics 1974; 15: 529–32
- Burgess P R, Perl E R. Cutaneous mechanoreceptors and nociceptors. Handbook of sensory physiology, H Autrum, R Jung, W R Loewenstein, D M MacKay, H L Teuber. Springer-Verlag, New York 1974; 2: 30–79
- Vedel J P, Roll J P. Response to pressure and vibration of slowly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptors in the human foot. Neurosci Lett 1982; 34: 289–94
- Johansson R S, Vallbo Å. Spatial properties of the population of mechanoreceptive units in the glabrous skin of the human hand. Brain Res 1980; 184: 353–66
- Yates B J, Kasper J, Wilson V J. Effect of muscle and cutaneous hindlimb afferents on L4 neurons whose activity is modulated by neck rotation. Exp Brain Res 1989; 77: 48–56
- Schmidt B J, Meyers D ER, Tokuriki Burke R E. Modulation of short latency cutaneous excitation in flexor and extensor motorneurons during fictive locomotion in the cat. Exp Brain Res 1989; 77: 57–68
- Stuart D G, Binder M D, Botterman B R. Features of segmental motor control revealed in single-unit recordings during natural movements. Posture and movement, R E Talbot, D R Humphrey. Raven Press, New York 1979; 281–94
- Mauritz K H, Dietz V. Characteristics of postural instability induced by ischemic blocking of leg afferents. Exp Brain Res 1980; 38: 117–9
- Diener H C, Dichgans J, Buschlbauer B, Mau H. The significance of proprioception on postural stabilization as assessed by ischemia. Brain Res 1984; 296: 103–9
- Aalto H, Pyykko U I, Starck J. Computerized posturography, a development of the measuring system. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1988; Suppl 449: 71–6
- Enbom H, Magnusson M, Pyykko U I, Schalen L. Presentation of a posturographic test with loading of the proprioceptive system. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1988; Suppl 455: 58–61
- Cox D R, Hinckley D V. Theoretical statistics. Chapman & Hall, London 1974; 76–82
- Johansson R S, Landström U, Lundstrom R. Sensitivity to edges of mechanoreceptive afferent units inervating the glabrous skin of the human hand. Brain Res 1982; 244: 27–32
- Nashner L, McCollum G. The organization of human postural movements: A formal basis and experimental synthesis. Behav Brain Sci 1985; 8: 135–72
- Johansson R, Magnusson M, Wiklund J. Galvanic vestibular stimulation for performance analysis of lateral postural stability. Imaging techniques in neuro-otology, C F Claussen, M Kirtane, G Georgoupulus. Werner Rudat Verlag, Hamburg 1990, (in press).
- Stephens J A, Garnett R, Buller N P. Reversal of recruitment order of single motor units produced by cutaneous stimulation during voluntary muscle contraction. Nature 1978; 272: 362–4
- Johansson R, Magnusson M, Åkesson M. Identification of human posture dynamics. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1988; 35: 858–69
- Goldstein H. Classical mechanics. Reading. Addison-Wesley, Mass. 1950
- Keshner E A, Allum J HJ, Pfalz C R. Postural coactivation and adaption in the sway stabilizing responses of normals and patients with bilateral vestibular deficit. Exp Brain Res 1987; 69: 77–92
- Boisset S, Zattara M. Biomechanical study of the programming of anticipatory postural adjustments associated with voluntary movement. J Biomech 1987; 20: 735–42
- Haas G, Diener H C. Development of stance control in children. Posture and gait development, adaptation and modulation, B Amblard, A Berthoz, F Clarac. Excerpta Medica. 1988; 812: 49–58
- Pyykko U I, Hansson G A, Schalén L, Henriksson N G, Wennmo C, Magnusson M. Vibration-induced body sway. Computer in der Neurootologie. Hamburg: Werner Rudat & Co, C F Claussen, M Kirtane, 1983; 139–55