1
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Re-Evaluation of the Evidence on the Prognostic Importance of Schizophrenic and Affective Symptoms

Pages 424-427 | Published online: 06 Jul 2009

References

  • Andreasen N. C., Olsen S. Negative vs positive schizophrenia: definition and validation. Archives of General Psychiatry 1982; 39: 789–94
  • Beck A. T., Kovacs M., Weissman A. Hopelessness and suicidal behaviour. Journal of the American Medical Association 1975; 234: 1146–9
  • Beck A. T., Steer R. A., Kovacs M., Garrison B. Hopelessness and eventual suicide: a 10 year prospective study of patients hospitalised with suicidal ideation. American Journal of Psychiatry 1985; 142: 559–63
  • Becker R. E., Colliver J. A., Verhulst S. J. Diagnosis of secondary depression in schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1985; 46: 4–8
  • Brockington I. F., Kendall R. E., Wainwright S. Depressed patients with schizophrenic or paranoid symptoms. Psychological Medicine 1980; 10: 665–75
  • Brown G. W., Birley J. L. T., Wing J. K. Influence of family life on the course of schizophrenic disorders: a replication. British Journal of Psychiatry 1972; 121: 241–58
  • Carpenter W. T., Bartko J. J., Strauss J. S., Hawk A. B. Signs and symptoms as predictors of outcome: a report from the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 1978; 135: 940–4
  • Carr V. J. Recovery from schizophrenia: a review of patterns of psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1983; 9: 95–121
  • Cheadle A. J., Freeman H. L., Korer J. Chronic schizophrenia patients in the community. British Journal of Psychiatry 1978; 132: 221–7
  • Donlon P. T., Rada R. T., Arora K. K. Depression and the reintegration phase of acute schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 1976; 133: 1265–8
  • Drake R. E., Cotton P. G. Depression, hopelessness and suicide in chronic schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 1986; 148: 554–9
  • Gift T. E., Strauss J. S., Kokes R. E., et al. Schizophrenia: affect and outcome. American Journal of Psychiatry 1980; 137: 580–5
  • Gift T. E., Strauss J. S., Ritzler B. A., et al. Social class and psychiatric outcome. American Journal of Psychiatry 1986; 143: 222–5
  • Glaser W., Prusoff B., John K., Williams D. Depression and social adjustment among chronic schizophrenic outpatients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders 1981; 169: 712–17
  • Harrow M., Grossman L. S. Outcome in schizo-affective disorders: a critical review and re-evaluation of the literature. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1984; 10: 87–108
  • Herrman H. E., Baldwin J. A., Christie D. A record-linkage study of mortality and general hospital discharge in patients diagnosed as schizophrenic. Psychological Medicine 1983; 13: 581–93
  • Herz M. I., Melville C. Relapse in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 1980; 137: 801–5
  • Johnson D. A. W. Studies of depressive symptoms in schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 1981; 139: 89–101
  • Johnstone E. C., Owens D. G. C., Frith C. D., Gow T. J. The relative stability of positive and negative features in chronic schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 1986; 150: 60–4
  • Knights A., Hirsch S. R. ‘Revealed’ depression and drug treatment for schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 1981; 38: 806–11
  • Lewine R. R. J. Negative symptoms in schizophrenia: editor's introduction. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1985; 11: 361–3
  • McGlashan T. H. The prediction of outcome in chronic schizophrenia IV. The Chestnut Lodge follow-up study. Archives of General Psychiatry 1986; 43: 167–76
  • McGlashan T. H., Carpenter W. T. Does attitude toward psychosis relate to outcome?;?;. American Journal of Psychiatry 1981; 138: 797–801
  • Maj M. Clinical course and outcome of schizo-affective disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1985; 92: 542–50
  • Mandel M. R., Severe J. B., Schooler N. R., et al. Development and prediction of post-psychotic depression in neuroleptic-treated schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 1982; 39: 197–203
  • Moller H. J., Zerssen D. V. Depressive states occurring during the neuroleptic treatment of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1982; 8: 109–17
  • Planansky K., Johnston R. Depressive syndrome in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1978; 57: 207–18
  • Pogue-Geile M. F., Harrow M. Negative and positive symptoms in schizophrenia and depression: a follow-up. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1984; 10: 371–87
  • Pogue-Geile M. F., Harrow M. Negative symptoms in schizophrenia: their longitudinal course and prognostic importance. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1985; 11: 427–39
  • Roy A. Attempted suicide, and suicide in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 1986; 9: 193–207
  • Sartorius N., Jablensky A., Korten A., et al. Early manifestations and first-contact incidence of schizophrenia in different cultures. Psychological Medicine 1986; 16: 1–20
  • Serban G., Gidynski C. B. Relationship between cognitive defect, affect response and community adjustment in chronic schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 1979; 134: 602–8
  • Shanfield S., Tucker G. J., Harrow M., Detre T. The schizophrenic patient and depressive symptomology. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders 1970; 151: 203–10
  • Siris S. G., Rifkin A., Reardon G. T., et al. Course-related depressive syndromes in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 1984; 141: 1254–7
  • Stephens J. H. Long-term prognosis and follow-up in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1978; 4: 25–47
  • Strauss J. S. Negative symptoms: future developments of the concept. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1985; 11: 457–60
  • Strauss J. S., Carpenter W. T. The prediction of outcome in schizophrenia. I. Characteristics of outcome. Archives of General Psychiatry 1972; 27: 739–46
  • Strauss J. S., Carpenter W. T. The prediction of outcome in schizophrenia. II. Relationships between predictor and outcome variables: A report from the WHO International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 1974; 31: 37–42
  • Strauss J. S., Carpenter W. T. Prediction of outcome in schizophrenia. III. Five-year outcome and its predictors. Archives of General Psychiatry 1977; 34: 159–63
  • Strian F., Heger R., Klicpera C. The time structure of depressive mood in schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1982; 65: 66–73
  • Torrey E. F. Surviving Schizophrenia. Harper, New York 1983
  • Vaillant G. E. Prospective prediction of schizophrenic remission. Archives of General Psychiatry 1964; 138: 509–18
  • Vaillant G. E. A 10-year follow-up of remitting schizophrenics. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1978; 4: 78–85
  • Vaughn C. E., Leff J. P. The influence of family and social factors on the course of psychiatric illness. A comparison of schizophrenic and depressed neurotic patients. British Journal of Psychiatry 1976; 129: 125–137
  • Warner R. Recovery from Schizophrenia: Psychiatry and Political Economy. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London 1985
  • Weissman M. M., Prusoff B. A., Thompson W. D. Social adjustment by self report in a community sample and in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders 1978; 166: 317–26
  • Wing J. K., Brown G. W. Social treatment of chronic schizophrenia: a comparative survey of three mental hospitals. Journal of Mental Science 1961; 107: 847–61
  • World Health Organisation. Schizophrenia: an International Follow-up Study. J. Wiley, Chichester 1979

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.