Severe Threat in the Genesis of Panic Disorder

References

• Anderson D. J., Noyes R., Crowe R. A comparison of panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 1984; 141: 4
   Google Scholar
• Arrindell W. A., Emmelkamp P. M. G., Monsma A., et al. The role of perceived parental rearing practices in the aetiology of phobic disorders: A controlled study. British Journal of Psychiatry 1983; 143: 183–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballenger J. C. Biological aspects of panic disorder (editorial). American Journal of Psychology 1986; 143: 516–18
   Google Scholar
• Barlow D., Vermilyea J., Blanchard E., et al. The phenomenon of panic. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1985; 94: 320–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck A. Theoretical perspectives on clinical anxiety. Anxiety and the Anxiety Disorders, Tuma A. Hussain, J. D. Maser. Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates, London 1985
   Google Scholar
• Beck A., Laude R., Bohnert M. Ideational components of anxiety neurosis. Archives of Gentral Psychiatry 1974; 31: 319–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breslau N., Davis G. C. Post-traumatic stress disorder: The etiologic specificity of wartime stressors. American Journal of Psychology 1987; 144: 578–83
   Google Scholar
• Brett E. A., Ostroff R. Imagery and post-traumatic stress disorder: An overview. American Journal of Psychiatry 1985; 142: 4
   Google Scholar
• Buglass D., Clarke J., Henderson A., et al. A study of agoraphobic housewives. Psychological Medicine 1977; 7: 73–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr D., Sheehan D. Panic anxiety: A new biological model. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1984; 45: 323–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark D. M. A cognitive approach to panic. Behavior Research and Therapy 1986; 24: 461–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowe R., Noyes R., Pauls D., et al. A family study of panic disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 1983; 40: 1065–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Detre T. Is the grouping of anxiety disorders in DSM-III based on shared beliefs or data?;. Anxiety and the Anxiety Disorders, Tuma A. Hussain, J. D. Maser. Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates, London 1985
   Google Scholar
• Faravelli C. Life events preceding the onset of panic disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders 1985; 9: 103–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Finlay-Jones R., Brown G. Types of stressful life events and the onset of anxiety and depressive disorders. Psychological Medicine 1981; 11: 803–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freud S. Beyond the pleasure principle. Complete Psychological Works, standard edn. Hogarth Press, London 1953; vol. 23: 1920
   Google Scholar
• Freud S. Beyond the pleasure principle: group psychology and other works. Complete Psychological Works, standard edn. Hogarth Press, London 1922; vol. 18: 168
   Google Scholar
• Gelder G. Panic attacks: new approaches to an old problem. British Journal of Psychiatry 1986; 149: 346–52
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gittelman R., Klein D. F. Childhood separation anxiety and agoraphobia. Anxiety and the Anxiety Disorders, Tuma A. Hussain, J. D. Maser. Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates, London 1985
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein A., Chambless D. A reanalysis of agoraphobia. Behaviour Therapy 1978; 9: 47–59
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hibbert G. A. Ideational components of anxiety: their origin and content. British Journal of Psychiatry 1984; 144: 618–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horowitz M. J. Anxious states of mind induced by stress. Anxiety and the Anxiety Disorders, Tuma A. Hussain, J. D. Maser. Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates, London 1985
   Google Scholar
• Jablensky A. Approaches to the definition and classification of anxiety and related disorders in European psychiatry. Anxiety and the Anxiety Disorders, Tuma A. Hussain, J. D. Maser. Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates, London 1985
   Google Scholar
• Klein D. Delineation of two drug-responsive anxiety syndromes. Psychopharmacologia 1964; 5: 397–408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klerman G. Controversies in research on psychopathology of anxiety and anxiety disorders. Anxiety and the Anxiety Disorders, Tuma A. Hussain, J. D. Maser. Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates, London 1985
   Google Scholar
• Leckman J. F., Weissman M. W., Merikangas K. R., et al. Panic disorder and major depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 1983; 40: 1055–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lifton R. J., Olson E. The human meaning of total disaster; the Buffalo Creek experience. Psychiatry 1976; 39: 1–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margraf J., Ehlers A., Roth W. Biological models of panic disorder and agoraphobia — a review. Behavior Research and Therapy 1986; 24: 553–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathews A., Macleod C. Selective processing of Threat cues in anxiety states. Behavior Research and Therapy 1985; 23: 563–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ost L. E., Hugdahl K. Acquisition of agoraphobia, mode of onset and anxiety response patterns. Behavior Research and Therapy 1983; 21: 623–31
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parker G. Reported parental characteristics of agoraphobics and social phobics. British Journal of Psychiatry 1979; 135: 555–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen H. D., Abildgaard U., Dangaard G., et al. Psychological and physical long-term effects of torture. Scandinavian Journal of Sociological Medicine 1985; 13: 89–93
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raskin M., Dickman Peek H., et al. Panic and generalized anxiety disorders, developmental antecedents and precipitants. Archives of General Psychiatry 1982; 39: 687–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth M. The phobic-anxiety-depersonalisation syndrome. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 1959; 52: 587–95
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roy-Byrne P., Geraci M., Uhde T. Life events and the onset of panic disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 1986; 143: 1424–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schachter S., Singer J. Cognitive, social and physiological determinants of emotional state. Psychological Research 1962; 69: 379–99
   Google Scholar
• Sheehan D. Current concepts in psychiatry, panic attacks and phobias. New England Journal of Medicine 1982; 307: 156–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheehan D., Ballenger J., Jacobson G. Treatment of endogenous anxiety with phobic, hysterical and hypochondriacal symptoms. Archives of General Psychiatry 1980; 37: 51–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silove D. Perceived parental characteristics and reports of early parental deprivation in agoraphobic patients. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1986; 20: 365–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solyom L., Silberfeld M., Solyom C. Maternal overprotection in the etiology of agoraphobia. Canadian Psychtatric Association Journal 1976; 21: 109–13
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spitzer R., Williams J. Proposed revisions in the DSM-III classification of anxiety disorders based on research and clinical experience. Anxiety and the Anxiety Disorders, Tuma A. Hussain, J. D. Maser. Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates, London 1985
   Google Scholar
• Surman O., Sheehan D., Fuller T., et al. Panic disorder in genotypic HIA identical sibling pairs. American Journal of Psychiatry 1983; 104: 237–8
   Google Scholar
• Zitrin C., Klein D., Woerner M., et al. Treatment of phobias. I Comparison of imipramine hydrochloride and placebo. Archives of General Psychiatry 1983; 40: 125–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar