74
Views
14
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

The Concept of Recovery and Secondary Prevention in Psychotic Disorders

Pages 3-17 | Published online: 06 Jul 2009

References

  • Lovejoy M. Expectations and the recovery process. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1982; 8: 605–609
  • E Kraepelin, H Memoirs, Hippius, G Peters, D Ploog. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1987
  • Berrios G E, Hauser R. The early development of Kraepelin's ideas on classification: A conceptual history. Psychological Medicine 1988; 18: 813–821
  • McGorry P D, Copolov D L, Singh B S. Current concepts in functional psychosis: The case for a loosening of associations. Schizophrenia Research 1990; 3: 221–234
  • Bleuler E. Dementia praecox or the group of schizophrenias, J Zinkin. International Universities Press, New York 1950
  • Penis C. Cognitive therapy with schizophrenic patients. The Guilford Press, New York 1989
  • Munk-Jorgensen P. The schizophrenia diagnosis in Denmark: A register based investigation. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1985; 72: 266–273
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd ed. APA, Washington, DC 1980
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd ed (revised). APA, Washington, DC 1987
  • World Health Organization. International classification of impairments, disabilities and handicaps. WHO Press, Geneva 1980
  • McFarlane A C. The International classification of impairments, disabilities and handicaps: Its usefulness in classifying and understanding biopsychosocial phenomena. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1988; 22: 31–42
  • Strauss J, Carpenter W T. Schizophrenia. Plenum, New York 1981
  • Warner R. Recovery from schizophrenia: Psychiatry and political economy. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London 1985
  • Zubin J, Spring B. Vulnerability: A new view of schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1977; 86: 103–126
  • Zubin J, Steinhauer S R, Day R, van Kammen D P. Schizophrenia at the crossroads: A blueprint for the 80s. Comprehensive Psychiatry 1985; 26: 217–240
  • Carr V J. Recovery from schizophrenia: A review of patterns of psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1983; 9: 95–121
  • Ratey J J, Sands S, O'Driscoll G. The phenomenology of recovery in a chronic schizophrenic. Psychiatry 1986; 49: 277–289
  • Keller M B, Shapiro R W, Lavori P W, Wok N. Recovery in major depressive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 1982; 39: 905–910
  • Harding C M, Brooks G W, Ashikaga T, Strauss J S, Breier A. The Vermont longitudinal study of persons with severe mental illness, II: Long-term outcome of subjects who retrospectively met DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 1987; 144: 727–735
  • Breier A, Strauss J S. The role of social relationships in the recovery from psychotic disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry 1984; 141: 949–955
  • Erickson D H, Beiser M, Iacono W G, Fleming J AE, Lin T. The role of social relationships in the course of first-episode schizophrenia and affective psychosis. American Journal of Psychiatry 1989; 146: 1456–1461
  • Harding C M, Strauss J S, Hafez H, Lieberman P. Work and mental illness: I. Toward an integration of the rehabilitation process. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1987; 175: 317–326
  • Waxler N E. Is outcome for schizophrenia better in non-industrial societies? The case of Sri Lanka. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1979; 167: 144–158
  • Kleinman A. Anthropology and psychiatry: The role of culture in cross-cultural research on illness. British Journal of Psychiatry 1987; 151: 447–454
  • Joyce P R. Illness behaviour and rehospitalization in bipolar affective disorder. Psychological Medicine 1985; 15: 521–525
  • Carr V, Katsikitis M. Illness behaviour and schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine 1987; 5: 163–170
  • Breier A, Strauss J S. Self-control in psychotic disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry 1983; 40: 1141–1145
  • Boker W, Brenner D, Gerstner G, Keller F, Muller J, Spichtig L. Self-healing strategies among schizophrenics: Attempts at compensation for basic disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1984; 69: 373–378
  • Cohen C I, Berk L A. Personal coping styles of schizophrenic outpatients. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1985; 36: 407–410
  • Pearlson G D, Kreger L, Rabins P V, Chase G A, Cohen B, Wirht J B, Schlaepfer T B, Tune L. A chart review of late-onset and early-onset schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 1989; 146: 1568–1574
  • Farina A, Gliha D, Boudreau L A, Allen J G, Sherman M. Mental illness and the impact of believing that others know about it. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1971; 77: l–5
  • Angermeyer M C, Link B G, Majcher-Angermeyer A. Stigma perceived by patients attending modern treatment settings: Some unanticipated effects of community psychiatry reforms. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1987; 175: 4–11
  • Rabkin J. Public attitudes toward mental illness: A review. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1974; 10(Fall)9–33
  • Segal S. Attitudes toward the mentally ill: A review. Social Work 1978; 23: 211–217
  • Sellick K, Goodear J. Community attitudes toward mental illness: The influence of contact and demographic variables. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1985; 19: 293–298
  • Nicklin L. Illness that breeds killers. The Bulletin February 10, 1987; 26–27
  • Kleinman A. The illness narratives: Suffering, healing and the human condition. Basic Books, New York 1988
  • Scott R D. The treatment barrier: Part 2. The patient as an unrecognized agent. British Journal of Medical Psychology 1973; 46: 57–67
  • Strauss J S, Harding C M, Hafez H, Lieberman P. The role of the patient in recovery from psychosis. Psychosocial treatment of schizophrenia, J S Strauss, W Böker, H D Brenner. Hans Huber, Berne 1987; 160–166
  • Strauss J S. Subjective experiences of schizophrenia: Toward a new dynamic psychiatry-11. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1989; 15: 179–187
  • Ostroff S E. Self, identity, and subjective experiences of schizophrenia: In search of the subject. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1989; 15: 189–196
  • Lally S J. “Does being in here mean there is something wrong with me?”. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1989; 15: 253–265
  • Lovejoy M. Recovery from schizophrenia: A personal odyssey. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1984; 35: 809–812
  • A Recovering Patient. “Can we talk?” The schizophrenic patient in psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychiatry 1986; 143: 68–70
  • Ruocchio P J. First person account: Fighting the fight—the schizophrenic's nightmare. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1989; 15: 163–166
  • Leete E. How I perceive and manage my illness. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1989; 15: 197–200
  • Anonymous. First person account: A delicate balance. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1989; 15: 345–346
  • Anonymous. First person account: How I've managed chronic mental illness. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1989; 15: 635–640
  • Westbrook M T, Viney L L. Psychological reactions to the onset of chronic illness. Social Science and Medicine 1982; 16: 899–905
  • Greer S, Moms T, Pettingale K W. Psychological response to breast cancer: Effect on outcome. The Lancet 1979; ii: 785–787
  • Doehrman S R. Psycho-social aspects of recovery from coronary heart disease: A review. Social Science and Medicine 1977; 11: 199–218
  • Byrne D G, Whyte H M. Dimensions of illness behaviour in survivors of myocardial infarction. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 1978; 22: 485–491
  • Lloyd G G, Parker A C, Ludlam C A, McGuire R J. Emotional impact of diagnosis and early treatment of lymphomas. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 1984; 28: 157–162
  • Sensky T. Patient's reactions to illness. British Medical Journal 1990; i: 622–623
  • Druss R G, Douglas C J. Adaptive responses to illness and disability: Healthy denial. General Hospital Psychiatry 1988; 10: 163–168
  • Carr V J. Patients' techniques for coping with schizophrenia: An exploratory study. British Journal of Medical Psychology 1988; 61: 339–352
  • Caplan G. Principles of preventive psychiatry. Basic Books, New York 1964
  • McGony P D, Chanen A, McCarthy E, Van Riel R, McKenzie D, Singh B S. Post-traumatic stress disorder following recent-onset psychosis: An unrecognised post-psychotic syndrome. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1991; 179: 253–258
  • Taylor S E. Adjustment to threatening events: A theory of cognitive adaptation. American Psychologist 1983; 38: 1161–1173
  • McCann L, Pearlman L A. Through a glass darkly: Understanding and treating the adult trauma survivor through constructivist self-development theory. Brunner/Mazel, New York 1990
  • Harvey J H, Galvin K S. Clinical implications of attribution theory and research. Clinical Psychology Review 1984; 4: 15–33
  • Jones E E, Nisbett R E. The actor and the observer: Divergent perceptions of the causes of behaviour. General Learning Press, Momstown, NJ 1972
  • Chanen A, McGony P D. Attitudes to illness in the recovery phase of recent-onset psychosis. Abstract of paper presented at Annual Meeting of Australian Society for Psychiatric Research, Sydney, 1987
  • Moore B S, Sherrod D R, Liu T J, Underwood B. The disposition-al shift in attribution over time. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 1979; 15: 553–569
  • Turnquist D C, Harvey J H, Andersen B L. Attributions and adjustment of life-threatening illness. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 1988; 21: 55–65
  • Kaney S, Bentall R P. Persecutory delusions and attributional style. British Journal of Medical Psychology 1989; 62: 191–198
  • Peterson L C. Attribution theory and its application in crisis intervention. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care 1984; 22: 133–136
  • Kelly G A. The psychology of personal constructs, Vols 1 and 2. Norton, New York 1955
  • Kleinman A. Patients and healers in the context of culture. University of California Press, Berkeley 1980
  • Greenfeld D, Strauss J S, Bowers M B, Mandelkern M. Insight and interpretation of illness in recovery from psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1989; 15: 245–252
  • McGlashan T H, Levy S T, Carpenter W T. Integration and sealing over: Clinically distinct recovery styles from schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 1975; 32: 1269–1272
  • Herrman H, McGorry P, Mills J, Singh B. Hidden severe psychiatric morbidity in sentenced prisoners: An Australian study. American Journal of Psychiatry 1991; 148: 236–239
  • Festinger L. A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford University Press, Stanford 1957
  • Goffman E. Stigma. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey 1963
  • Wahl O F, Harman C R. Family views of stigma. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1989; 15: 131–139
  • Rosenthal R, Jacobsen L. Pygmalion in the classroom: Teacher expectation and pupils' intellectual development. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York 1968
  • Duval S, Wicklund R A. A theory of objective self awareness. Academic Press, New York 1972
  • Duval S, Wicklund R A. Effects of objective self-awareness on attribution of causality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 1973; 9: 17–31
  • Fenigstein A, Scheier M F, Buss A H. Public and private self-consciousness: Assessment and theory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1975; 43: 522–527
  • Rotter J B. Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcment. Psychological Monographs 1966; 80: 1–28
  • Kirscht J P. Perceptions of control and health beliefs. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Sciences 1972; 4: 225–237
  • The health belief model and personal health behavior, M H Becker. Charles B Slack, New Jersey 1984
  • Mino Y, Ushijima S. Postpsychotic collapse in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1989; 80: 368–374
  • Bleuler M. The schizophrenic disorders: Long-term patient and family studies, S M Clemens. Yale University Press, New Haven 1978
  • Leff J P. Chronic syndromes of schizophrenia. Handbook of psychiatry 3, J K Wing, L Wing. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1982
  • Lawrence R E, Cumella S, Robertson J A. Patterns of care in a district general hospital psychiatric department. British Journal of Psychiatry 1988; 152: 188–195
  • Andreasen N C. Negative symptoms in schizophrenia: Definition and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry 1982; 39: 784–788
  • Huber G. Das Konzept substratnaher Basissymptome und seine Bedeutung für Theorie und Therapie schizophrener Erkrankun-gen. Nervenarzt 1983; 54: 23–32
  • DiMascio A, Weissman M M, Prusoff B A, Neu C, Zwilling M, Klerman G L. Differential symptom reduction by drugs and psychotherapy in acute depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 1979; 36: 1450–1456
  • Leff J, Vaughn C. Expressed emotion in families. Guilford Press, New York 1985
  • Mosher L R, Menn A Z, Matthews S. Soteria: Evaluation of a home-based treatment for schizophrenics. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 1975; 45: 455–467
  • Epstein S. Natural healing processes of the mind: I. Acute schizophrenic disorganization. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1979; 313–321
  • Rakfeldt J, Strauss J S. The low turning point: A control mechanism in the course of mental disorder. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1989; 177: 32–37
  • McGlashan T H, Carpenter W T. Postpsychotic depression in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 1976; 33: 231–239
  • Lewis A J. The psychopathology of insight. British Journal of Medical Psychology 1934; 14: 332–348
  • Jaspers K. The patient's attitude to his illness. General psychopathology, K Jaspers. Manchester University Press, Manchester 1962, Chapter 7
  • McGorry P D. Insight and illness perception in schizophrenia: Unloading a loaded question. Paper presented at Annual Congress RANZCP, Hobart, May, 1985
  • Gillespie C R, Bradley C. Causal attributions of doctors and patients in a diabetes clinic. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 1988; 27: 67–76
  • Pan P C, Tantam D. Clinical characteristics, health beliefs and compliance with maintenance treatment: A comparison between regular and irregular attenders at a depot clinic. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1989; 79: 564–570
  • Barrett R J. Clinical writing and the documentary construction of schizophrenia. Culture Medicine and Psychiatry 1988; 12: 265–299
  • Beisser A R. Denial and affirmation in illness and health. American Journal of Psychiatry 1979; 136: 1026–1030
  • Kennard D. The newly admitted psychiatric patient as seen by self and others. British Journal of Medical Psychology 1974; 47: 27–41
  • O'Mahony P D. Patient denial of mental illness as a normal process. British Journal of Medical Psychology 1982; 55: 109–118
  • Kane J M, Quitkin F, Rifkin A, Wegner J, Rosenberg G, Borenstein M. Attitudinal changes of involuntarily committed patients following treatment. Archives of General Psychiatry 1983; 40: 374–377
  • McEvoy J P, Appelbaum P S, Apperson L J, Geller J L, Freter S. Why must some schizophrenic patients be involuntarily committed? The role of insight. Comprehensive Psychiatry 1989; 30: 13–17
  • Drake R E, Sederer L I. The adverse effects of intensive treatment of chronic schizophrenia. Comprehensive Psychiatry 1986; 27: 313–326
  • Drake R E, Sederer L I. Inpatient psychosocial treatment of chronic schizophrenia: Negative effects and current guidelines. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1986; 37: 897–901
  • Lamb R H. Taking issue: Adding insight to injury. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1986; 37: 869
  • Pilsecker C. On educating schizophrenics about schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1981; 7: 379–382
  • Tamer N, Barrowclough C. Providing information to relatives about schizophrenia: Some comments. British Journal of Psychiatry 1986; 149: 458–463
  • Greenberg L, Fine S B, Cohen C, Larson K, Michaelson-Baily A, Rubinton P, Glick I D. An interdisciplinary psychoeducation program for schizophrenic patients and their families in an acute care setting. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1988; 39: 277–281
  • Goldman C R, Quinn F L. Effects of a patient education program in the treatment of schizophrenia. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 1988; 39: 282–286
  • Lazare A, Cohen F, Jacobsen A M, Williams M S, Mignone R J, Zistook S. The walk-in patient as a customer: A key dimension in evaluation and treatment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 1972; 42: 872–883
  • Foulks E F, Persons J B, Merkel R L. The effect of patients' beliefs about their illnesses on compliance in psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychiatry 1986; 143: 340–344
  • McCarthy E M, McGorry P D. Attitudes to illness and outcome in recovery from recent-onset psychosis: A follow-up study. Abstract of paper presented at Annual Scientific Meeting of the Australian Society for Psychiatric Research, Adelaide, December, 1988
  • Hunt L M, Jordan B, Irwin S, Browner C H. Compliance and the patient's perspective: Controlling symptoms in everyday life. Culture Medicine and Psychiatry 1989; 13: 315–334
  • Fransella F. The self and the sterotype. New perspectives in personal construct theory, D Bannister. Academic Press, London 1977
  • Gara M A, Rosenberg S, Cohen B D. Personal identity and the schizophrenic process: An integration. Psychiatry 1987; 50: 267–279
  • Glass L L, Katz H M, Schnitzer R D, Knapp P H, Frank A F, Gunderson J G. Psychotherapy of schizophrenia: An empirical investigation of the relationship of process to outcome. American Journal of Psychiatry 1989; 146: 603–608
  • Adler D A. A framework for the analysis of psychotherapeutic approaches to schizophrenia. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 1985; 58: 219–225
  • Huszonek J J. Establishing therapeutic contact with schizophrenics: A supervisory approach. American Journal of Psychotherapy 1987; 41: 185–193
  • Coursey R D. Psychotherapy with persons suffering from schizophrenia: The need for a new agenda. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1989; 15: 349–353
  • Katz H M. A new agenda for psychotherapy of schizophrenia: Response to Coursey. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1989; 15: 355–359
  • Frank A F, Gunderson J G. The role of the therapeutic alliance in the treatment of schizophrenia: Relationship to course and outcome. Archives of General Psychiatry 1990; 47: 228–236
  • Sparrow J. Woodshedding: A phase in recovery from psychosis. Yale University Medical School, New Haven, Connecticut 1985, Unpublished thesis (Cited in reference 22)
  • Strauss J S, Hafez H, Lieberman P, Harding C M. The course of psychiatric disorder, III: Longtitudinal principles. American Journal of Psychiatry 1985; 142: 289–296
  • Lipton F R, Cohen C I, Fischer E, Katz S E. Schizophrenia: A network crisis. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1981; 7: 144–151
  • Cohen P, Cohen J. The clinician's illusion. Archives of General Psychiatry 1984; 41: 1178–1182
  • Ehrlich L H, Ehrlich E, Pepper G B. Karl Jaspers: Basic philosophical writings, selections. Ohio University Press, Ohio 1986
  • Ciompi L. The natural history of schizophrenia in the long term. British Journal of Psychiatry 1980; 136: 413–420
  • Huber G, Gross G, Schuttler R, Linz M. Longtitudinal studies of schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1980; 6: 592–605
  • Welner A, Welner Z, Leonard M A. Bipolar manic-depressive disorder: A reassessment of course and outcome. Comprehensive Psychiatry 1977; 18: 327–332
  • Lee A S, Murray R M. The long-term outcome of Maudsley depressives. British Journal of Psychiatry 1988; 153: 741–751
  • McIntyre K, Farrell M, David A. Inpatient psychiatric care: The patient's view. British Journal of Medical Psychology 1989; 62: 249–255
  • Everett A. Labeling and persons with mental illness. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1989; 15: 511–513
  • Khan A, Cohen S, Chiles J, Stowell M, Hyde T, Robbins M. Therapeutic role of a psychiatric intensive care unit in acute psychosis. Comprehensive Psychiatry 1987; 28: 264–269
  • Parker S, Knoll J L. Partial hospitalization: An update. American Journal of Psychiatry 1990; 147: 156–160
  • Glick I D, Fleming L, DeChillo N, Meyerkopf N, Jackson C, Muscara D, Good-Ellis M. A controlled study of transitional day care for non-chronically-ill patients. American Journal of Psychiatry 1986; 143: 1551–1556
  • Hoult J, Reynolds I, Charbonneau-Powis M, Weekes P, Briggs J. Psychiatric hospital versus community treatment: The results of a randomised trial. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 1983; 17: 160–167
  • Sandler J, Holder A, Dare C. Basic psychoanalytic concepts: 11. The treatment alliance. British Journal of Psychiatry 1970; 116: 555–558
  • Allen J G, Deering D, Buskirk J R, Coyne L. Assessment of therapeutic alliances in the psychiatric hospital milieu. Psychiatry 1988; 51: 291–299
  • Wilson J P. Understanding the Vietnam veteran. Chapter 11. Post-traumatic therapy and victims of violence, F M Ochberg. Brunner/Mazel, New York 1988
  • Watson J P, Bouras N. Psychiatric ward environments and their effects on patients. Recent advances in clinical psychiatry no. 6, K Granville-Grossman. Churchill-Livingstone, Edinburgh 1989, Chapter 6
  • Stanton A H, Schwartz M S. The mental hospital. Basic Books, New York 1954
  • Almond R, Keniston K, Boltax S. The value system of a milieu therapy unit. Archives of General Psychiatry 1968; 19: 545–560
  • Wing J K, Brown G. Institutionalism and schizophrenia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1970
  • Kornfeld D S. The hospital environment: Its impact on the patient. Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine 1972; 8: 252–270
  • Kayton L, Beck J, Koh S D. Postpsychotic state, convalescent environment, and therapeutic relationship in schizophrenic outcome. American Journal of Psychiatry 1976; 133: 1269–1274
  • Lehman A F, Strauss J S, Ritzler B A, Kokes R F, Harder D W, Gift T E. First-admission psychiatric ward milieu: Treatment process and outcome. Archives of General Psychiatry 1982; 39: 1293–1298
  • McGlashan T H, Levy S T. Sealing-over in a therapeutic community. Psychiatry 1977; 40: 55–65
  • May P RA. Treatment of schizophrenia. Science House, New York 1968
  • Lukoff D, Wallace C J, Liberman R P, Burke K. A holistic program for chronic schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenia Bulletin 1986; 12: 274–282

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.