Exposure to Nicotine Produces an Increase in Dopamine D2^High Receptors: A Possible Mechanism for Dopamine Hypersensitivity

REFERENCES

• Balfour, D. J., Wright, A. E., Benwell, M. E., & Birrell, C. E. (2000). The putative role of extra-synaptic mesolimbic dopamine in the neurobiology of nicotine dependence. Behavioural Brain Research, 113(1–2), 73–83. [PubMed 10942034]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birrell, C. E., & Balfour, D. J. (1998). The influence of nicotine pretreatment on mesoaccumbens dopamine overflow and locomotor responses to D-amphetamine. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 140(2), 142–149. [PubMed 9860104]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briand, L. A., Flagel, S. B., Seeman, P., & Robinson, T. E. (2008). Cocaine self-administration produces a persistent increase in dopamine D2 High receptors. European Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 18(8), 551–556. [PubMed 18284941]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corrigall, W. A., & Coen, K. M. (1989). Nicotine maintains robust self-administration in rats on a limited-access schedule. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 99(4), 473–478. [PubMed 2594913]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fehr, C., Yakushev, I., Hohmann, N., Buchholz, H. G., Landvogt, C., Deckers, H., (2008). Association of low-striatal dopamine D2 receptor availability with nicotine dependence similar to that seen with other drugs of abuse. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(4), 507–514. [PubMed 18316420]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fung, Y. K. (1989). Effects of chronic nicotine pretreatment on (+)-amphetamine and nicotine-induced synthesis and release of [3H]dopamine from [3H]tyrosine in rat nucleus accumbens. The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 41(1), 66–68. [PubMed 2565971]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ksir, C., Hakan, R. L., & Kellar, K. J. (1987). Chronic nicotine and locomotor activity: Influences of exposure dose and test dose. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 92(1), 25–29. [PubMed 3110825]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Foll, B., Chefer, S. I., Kimes, A. S., Shumway, D., Stein, E. A., Mukhin, A. G., (2009). Baseline expression of alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors predicts motivation to self-administer nicotine. Biological Psychiatry, 65(8), 714–716. [PubMed 19095220]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Foll, B., Diaz, J., & Sokoloff, P. (2003). Increased dopamine D3 receptor expression accompanying behavioural sensitization to nicotine in rats. Synapse, 47(3), 176–183. [PubMed 12494400]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Foll, B., & Goldberg, S. R. (2006). Nicotine as a typical drug of abuse in experimental animals and humans. Psychopharmacology (Berl.), 184(3–4), 367–381. [PubMed 16205918]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcellino, D., Ferre, S., Casado, V., Cortes, A., Le Foll, B., Mazzola, C., (2008). Identification of dopamine D1–D3 receptor heteromers. Indications for a role of synergistic D1–D3 receptor interactions in the striatum. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 283(38), 26016–26025. [PubMed 18644790]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nader, M. A., Morgan, D., Gage, H. D., Nader, S. H., Calhoun, T. L., Buchheimer, N., (2006). PET imaging of dopamine D2 receptors during chronic cocaine self-administration in monkeys. Nature Neuroscience, 9(8), 1050–1056. [PubMed 16829955]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novak, G., & Seeman, P. (2010). Hyperactive mice show elevated D2High receptors, a model for schizophrenia: calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II alpha knockouts. Synapse, 64(10), 794–800. [PubMed: 20336626]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Picciotto, M. R., & Corrigall, W. A. (2002). Neuronal systems underlying behaviors related to nicotine addiction: Neural circuits and molecular genetics. The Journal of Neuroscience, 22(9), 3338–3341. [PubMed 11978809]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pidoplichko, V. I., DeBiasi, M., Williams, J. T., & Dani, J. A. (1997). Nicotine activates and desensitizes midbrain dopamine neurons. Nature, 390(6658), 401–404. [PubMed 9389479]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pontieri, F. E., Tanda, G., Orzi, F., & Di Chiara, G. (1996). Effects of nicotine on the nucleus accumbens and similarity to those of addictive drugs. Nature, 382(6588), 255–257. [PubMed 8717040]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman, S., Zhang, J., Engleman, E. A., & Corrigall, W. A. (2004). Neuroadaptive changes in the mesoaccumbens dopamine system after chronic nicotine self-administration: A microdialysis study. Neuroscience, 129(2), 415–424. [PubMed 15501598]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, T. E., & Berridge, K. C. (1993). The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction. Brain Research Reviews, 18(3), 247–291. [PubMed 8401595]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seeman, P., Guan, H. C., & Hirbec, H. (2009). Dopamine D2 High receptors stimulated by phencyclidines, lysergic acid diethylamide, salvinorin A, and modafinil. Synapse, 63(8), 698–704. [PubMed 19391150]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seeman, P., Schwarz, J., Chen, J. F., Szechtman, H., Perreault, M., McKnight, G. S., (2006). Psychosis pathways converge via D2high dopamine receptors. Synapse, 60(4), 319–346. [PubMed 16786561]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seeman, P., Tallerico, T., Ko, F., Tenn, C., & Kapur, S. (2002). Amphetamine-sensitized animals show a marked increase in dopamine D2 High receptors occupied by endogenous dopamine, even in the absence of acute challenges. Synapse, 46(4), 235–239. [PubMed 12373738]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seeman, P., Weinshenker, D., Quirion, R., Srivastava, L. K., Bhardwaj, S. K., Grandy, D. K., (2005). Dopamine supersensitivity correlates with D2 High states, implying many paths to psychosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(9), 3513–3518. [PubMed 15716360]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suemaru, K., Gomita, Y., Furuno, K., & Araki, Y. (1993). Chronic nicotine treatment potentiates behavioral responses to dopaminergic drugs in rats. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior, 46(1), 135–139. [PubMed 7902980]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volkow, N. D., Fowler, J. S., Wang, G. J., Baler, R., & Telang, F. (2009). Imaging dopamine's role in drug abuse and addiction. Neuropharmacology, 56(Suppl 1), 3–8. [PubMed 18617195]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volkow, N. D., Wang, G. J., Fowler, J. S., Logan, J., Gatley, S. J., Gifford, A., (1999). Prediction of reinforcing responses to psychostimulants in humans by brain dopamine D2 receptor levels. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156(9), 1440–1443. [PubMed 10484959]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, G. J., Volkow, N. D., Chang, L., Miller, E., Sedler, M., Hitzemann, R., (2004). Partial recovery of brain metabolism in methamphetamine abusers after protracted abstinence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(2), 242–248. [PubMed 19095220]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar