References
- Ferrell BA. Managing pain and discomfort in older adults near the end of life. Presented at the American Geriatrics Society Annual Scientific Meeting. 2003 May 14; Baltimore, MD: Annals of Long-Term Care. 2004, 12(2).
- Shega JW, Paice JA, Rockwood K, Is the presence of mild to moderate cognitive impairment associated with self-report of non-cancer pain? A cross-sectional analysis of a large-population-based study. J Pain Symptom Manage 2010;39:734–42.
- AGS (American Geriatrics Society). The management of persistent pain in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50:S205-24.
- Zwakhalen SMG, Hamers JPH, Abu-Saad HH, Pain in elderly people with severe dementia: a systematic review of behavioral pain assessment tools. BMC Geriatrics 2006;6:3.
- Smalbrugge M, Jongenelis LK, Pot AM, Pain among nursing home patients in the Netherlands: prevalence, course, clinical correlates, recognition and analgesic treatment –an observational cohort study. BMC Geriatrics 2007;7:3.
- Chau DL, Walker V, Pai L, Opiates and elderly: use and side effects. Clin Interv Aging 2008;3:273–8.
- Scherder E, Oosterman J, Swaab D, Recent developments in pain in dementia. BMJ 2005;330:461–4.
- World Health Organization. Traitement de la doleur cancéreuse. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. 1987.
- World Health Organization. Cancer, pain relief and palliative care. Geneva, World Health Organization. WHO technical report series N°408. 1990.
- Vargas-Schaffer G. Is the WHO analgesic ladder still valid? Can Fam Physician 2010;56:514–7.
- Neugebauer V, Galhardo VC, Maione S, Forebrain pain mechanisms. Brain Res Rev 2009;60:226–42.
- Karp JF, Shega JW, Morone NE, Advances in understanding the mechanisms and management of persistent pain in older adults. Br J Anaesth 2008;101:111–20.
- Tjia, J., Rothman MR, Kiely DK, Daily medication use in nursing home residents with advanced dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 2010;58:880–8.
- Haasum Y, Fastbom J, Fratiglioni L, Pain treatment in elderly persons with and without dementia. A population-based study of institutionalized and home-dwelling elderly. Drugs Aging 2011;28:283–93.
- Husebo BS, Ballard C, Sandvik R, Efficacy of treating pain to reduce behavioural disturbances in residents of nursing homes with dementia: cluster randomised clinical trial. BMJ 2011;343:d4065. doi:10.1136 /bmj.d4065.
- Husebo BS, Strand LI, Moe-Nilssen M, Who suffers most? Dementia and pain in nursing home patients: a cross-sectional study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2008;9:427–33.
- Won A, Lapane KL, Vallow S, Long-term effects of analgesics in a population of elderly nursing home residents with persistent nonmalignant pain. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006;61:165–9.
- German RR, Armstrong G, Birkhead GS. Surveillance coordination Group. Updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems. MMWR 2001;50:1–35.
- Garre-Olmo J, Flaqué M, Gich J, A clinical registry of dementia based on the principle of epidemiological surveillance. BMC Neurol 2009;9:5. doi:10.1186/1471-2377-9-5.
- Garre-Olmo J, López-Pousa S, Monserrat-Vila S, Viabilidad de un registro de demencias: características clínicas y cobertura diagnóstica. Rev Neurol 2007;44:385–91.
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders DSM-IV. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1994.
- Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini Mental State: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12:189–98.
- Blessed G, Tomilson, BE, Roth M. The association between quantitative measures of dementia, and of senile change in the cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects. Br J Psychiatry 1968;114:797–811.
- Morris, J.C. The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): current version and scoring rules. Neurology 1993;43:2412–4.
- Shapiro, SS, Wilk, MB. An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika. 1965;52:591–611.
- Scherder E, Herr K, Pickering G, Pain in dementia. Pain. 2009;145:276–8.
- Lin PC, Lin LC, Shyu YI, : Predictors of pain in nursing home residents with dementia: a cross-sectional study. J Clin Nurs 2011;20:1849–57. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03695.x. Epub 2011 May 19.
- Scott S, Jones L, Blanchard MR, Study protocol: the behavior and pain in dementia study (BePAID). BMC Geriatr 2011;11:61.
- Barry HE, Parsons C, Passmore AP, An exploration of nursing home managers’ knowledge of and attitudes towards the management of pain in residents with dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2012;27:1258–66. doi 10.1002/gps.3770.
- Greenspan JD, Craft RM, LeResche L, et al. Studying sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia: a consensus report. Pain 2007;132:S26–S45.
- Fillingim RB, King CD, Ribeiro-Dasilva MC, Sex, gender, and pain: a review of recent clinical and experimental findings. J Pain 2009;10:447–85.
- Farmer-Teh CM, Zaslavsky AI, Reynolds CF, et al. Effect of depression treatment on chronic pain outcomes. Psychosom Med 2010;72:61–7.
- Raffa R. Pharmacological aspects of successful long-term analgesia. Clin Rheumatol 2006;25:S9–S15.
- Fick DM, Cooper JW, Wade WE, et al. Updating the Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. Arch Intern Med 2003;164:2716–24.
- Ibáñez L, Vidal X, Ballarín E, Laporte JR. Agranulocytosis associated with dipyrone (metamizol). Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2005;60:821–9. doi: 10.1007/s00228-004-0836-y.