208
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH): an analysis of cerebrovascular risk factors in Lebanon

, , , , &
Pages 799-805 | Received 10 Sep 2013, Accepted 12 Jan 2014, Published online: 14 Feb 2014

References

  • Pantoni L, Garcia JH. Pathogenesis of leukoaraiosis: a review. Stroke 1997;28:652–9.
  • Hachinski VC, Potter P, Merskey H. Leuko-araiosis. Arch Neurol 1987;44:21–3.
  • Fazekas F, Kleinert R, Offenbacher H, Pathologic correlates of incidental MRI white matter signal hyperintensities. Neurology 1993;43:1683–9.
  • Goldstein IB, Bartzokis G, Hance DB, Shapiro D. Relationship between blood pressure and subcortical lesions in healthy elderly people. Stroke 1998;29:765–72.
  • Liao D, Cooper L, Cai J, Presence and severity of cerebral white matter lesions and hypertension, its treatment, and its control. The ARIC Study. Stroke 1996;27:2262–70.
  • Bots ML, van Swieten JC, Breteler MMB, Cerebral white matter lesions and atherosclerosis in the Rotterdam Study. Lancet 1993;341:1232–7.
  • Breteler MMB, van Swieten JC, Bots ML, Cerebral white matter lesions, vascular risk factors, and cognitive function in a population-based study: the Rotterdam Study. Neurology 1994;44:1246–52.
  • Longstreth WT, Manolio TA, Arnold A, Clinical correlates of white matter findings on cranial magnetic resonance imaging of 3301 elderly people. The Cardiovascular Health Study. Stroke 1996;27:1274–82.
  • Ylikoski A, Erkinjuntti T, Raininko R, White matter hyperintensities on MRI in the neurologically non diseased elderly. Analysis of cohorts of consecutive subjects aged 55 to 85 years living at home. Stroke 1995;26:1171–7.
  • Ki Woong Kim, MacFall JR, Payne ME. Classification of white matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging in the elderly. Biol Psychiatry 2008;64(4):273–80.
  • Fazekas F, Chawluk JB, Alavi A, MR signal abnormalities at 1.5 T in Alzheimer's dementia and normal aging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1987;149(2):351–6. [Pub Med study].
  • De Groot JC, de Leeuw FE, Oudkerk M, Periventricular cerebral white matter lesions predict rate of cognitive decline. Ann Neurol 2002;52:335–41.
  • Shimada K, Kawamoto A, Matsubayashi K, Ozawa T. Silent cerebrovascular disease in the elderly. Correlation with ambulatory pressure. Hypertension 1990;16:692–9.
  • Kozera GM, Dubaniewicz M, Zdrojewski T, Cerebral vasomotor reactivity and extent of white matter lesions in middle-aged men with arterial hypertension: a pilot. Am J Hypertens 2010;23(11):1198–203.
  • Fu JH, Lu CZ, Hong Z, Relationship between cerebral vasomotor reactivity and white matter lesions in elderly subjects without large artery occlusive disease. J Neuroimaging 2006;16(2):120–5 (ISSN: 1051–2284).
  • Bakker SL, de Leeuw FE, de Groot JC, Cerebral vasomotor reactivity and cerebral white matter lesions in the elderly. Neurology 1999;52(3):578–83 (ISSN: 0028–3878).
  • Van Dijk EJ, Prins ND, Vermeer SE, C-reactive protein and cerebral small-vessel disease: the Rotterdam Scan Study. Circulation 2005;112:900–5.
  • Debette S. The clinical importance of white matter hyperintensities on brain magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2010;341:c3666.
  • Swan GE, DeCarli C, Miller BL, Association of midlife blood pressure to late-life cognitive decline and brain morphology. Neurology 1998;51:986–93.
  • Gorelick BP, Scuteri A, Black ES, Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/ American Stroke Association. Stroke 2011;42(9):2672–713.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.