16
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Dysautonomia in Parkinson's Disease: Relationship to Motor Disability

&
Pages 23-31 | Received 15 Apr 1991, Accepted 07 Feb 1992, Published online: 07 Jul 2009

References

  • Aminoff M. J., Wilcox C. S. Assessment of autonomic function in patients with a parkinsonian syndrome. British Medical Journal 1971; 4: 80–84
  • Appenzeller O., Gross J. E. Autonomic deficits in Parkinson syndrome. Archives of Neurology 1971; 24: 50–57
  • Awerbuch G. I., Sandyk R. Autonomic functions in early stages of Parkinson's disease. International Journal of NeuroScience
  • Bannister R. Autonomic failure. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1983
  • Bannister R., Oppenheimer D. Parkinsonism system degenerations and autonomic failure. Movement Disorders, C. D. Marsden, S. Fahn. Butterworth, London 1982; 174–190
  • Bellomo G., Santambrogio L., Fiacconi M., Scarponi A. M., Ciuffetti G. Plasma profiles of adrenocorticotrophic hormone, Cortisol, growth hormone, and prolactin in patients with untreated Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurology 1991; 238: 19–22
  • Bernheimer N., Birkmayer W., Hornykiewicz O. Zur Biochemie des Parkinson Syndroms des Menschen. Klinische Wochenschrift 1963; 410: 465–469
  • Butterworth R. F., Belanger F., Barbeau A. Hypokinesia produced by anterolateral hypothalamic 6-hydroxydopamine lesions and its reversal by some antiparkinson drugs. Pharmacology Biochemistry & Behavior 1978; 8: 41–45
  • Camerlingo M., Aillon C., Bottacchi E., Gambaro P., D'Alessandro G., Franceschi M., Devoti G., Mamoli A. Parasympathetic assessment in Parkinson's disease. Advances in neurology, M. D. Yahr, K. J. Bergmann. Raven Press, New York 1986; vol. 45: 267–269
  • Conte-Devolx B., Grino M., Tonon M. C., Nieoullon A., Javoy-Agid F., Castanas E., Guiliaume V., Tonon M. C., Vaudry H., Oliver C. Corticoliberin, somatocrinin and amine contents in normal and parkinsonian human hypothalamus. Neuroscience Letters 1985; 56: 217–222
  • Den HartogJager W. A., Bethlem J. The distribution of Lewy bodies in the central and autonomic nervous systems in idiopathic paralysis agitans. Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry 1960; 23: 283–290
  • Emile J., Pouplard A., Bossu van Nieuwenhuyse C., Bemat-Viallet C. Maladie de Parkinson, dysautonomie et autoanticorps diriges contre les neurones sympathiques. Revue Neuroto-gique (Paris) 1980; 136: 221–233
  • Ewing D. J., Campbell I. W., Murray A. Immediate heart rate response to standing: simple test for autonomic neuropathy in diabetes. British Medical Journal 1978; 1: 145–147
  • Ewing D. J., Campbell I. W., Clarke B. F. Assessment of cardiovascular effects in diabetic autonomic neuropathy and prognostic implications. Annals of Internal Medicine 1980; 92: 308–311
  • Greenfield J. G., Bosanquet F. D. The brain-stem lesions in parkinsonism. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1953; 16: 213–226
  • Hess W. R. Hypothalamus and thalamus, experimental documentation. Thieme Ver-lag, Stuttgart 1969
  • Hilton S. M., Spyer K. M. Participation of the anterior hypothalamus in the barorecepter reflex. Journal of Physiology 1971; 218: 271–293
  • Hoehn M. M., Yahr M. D. Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality. Neurology 1967; 17: 427–442
  • Javoy-Agid F., Ruberg M., Piquet L., Bertagna X., Taquet H., Studler J. M., Cesselin F., Epel-Baum J., Agid Y. Biochemistry of the hypothalamus in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1984; 34: 672–675
  • Johnson R. H., Spalding J. M. K. Disorders of the autonomic nervous system. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 1974; 300
  • Kirkpatrick B., Tamminga C. A. The endocrinology of extrapyramidal system disorders. Neurologic Clinics 1988; 6: 159–172
  • Korczyn A. D. Autonomic nervous system screening in patients with early Parkinson's disease. Early diagnosis and preventive therapy in parkinson's disease, H. Przuntek, P. Riederer. Springer-Verlag, Wien 1989; 41–48
  • Korner P. L. Integrative neural cardiovascular control. Physiological Reviews 1971; 51: 312–367
  • Langston J. W., Forno L. S. The hypothalamus in Parkinson disease. Annals of Neurology 1978; 3: 129–133
  • Levin A. B. A simple test of cardiac function based upon the heart-rate changes during the Valsalva maneuver. American Journal of Cardiology 1966; 18: 90–99
  • Lewy F. H. Die lehre vom tonus und der bewegung. Springer, Berlin 1923
  • Luiten P. G. M., Ter Horst G. J., Steffens A. B. The hypothalamus, intrinsic connections and outflow pathways to the endocrine system in relation to the control of feeding and metabolism. Progress in Neurobiology 1987; 28: 1–54
  • Martignoni E., Micieli G., Cavallini A., Pacchetti C., Magri M., Nappi G. Autonomic disorders in idiopathic parkinsonism. Journal of Neural Transmission 1986; 22: 149–161, (suppl)
  • Martilla R. J., Rinne U. K. Level of blood pressure in patients with Parkinson's disease. European Neurology 1977; 16: 73–78
  • McLeod J. G., Tuck R. R. Disorders of the autonomic nervous system: Part 2. Investigation and treatment. Annals of Neurology 1987; 21: 519–529
  • Miller S. D., Thompson H. S. Edge-light pupil cycle time. British Journal of Ophthalmology 1978; 62: 495–500
  • Orskov L., Dupont E., Fine Olivarius D., Christensen N. J. Autonomic function in parkinsonian patients related to duration of disease. Neurology 1987; 37: 1173–1178
  • Pacchetti C. Disordini autonomic nella malattia di Parkinson. Pavia, Tesi 1985
  • Parkinson J. An essay on the shaking palsy. James Parkinson. MacMillan, London 1955, Reprinted in M. Critchley, (Ed.). (1755–1824)
  • Pelham R. W., Vaughan G. M., Sandock K. L., Vaughan M. K. Twenty-four-hour cycle of a melatonin-like substance in the plasma of human males. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1973; 37: 341–344
  • Plum F., van Uitert R. Nonendocrine diseases and disorders of the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus, S. Reichlin, R. J. Baldessarini, J. B. Martin. Raven Press, New York 1978; 415–473
  • Porter R. W., Bors E., Hyman W. Distortion of the extrapyramidal-visceral relationships in Parkinson's syndrome. Third symposium in parkinson's disease, G. Donaldson. Livingstone, Edinburgh 1969; 124–128
  • Rajput A. H., Rozdilsky B. Dysautonomia in parkinsonism: a clinicopathological study. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1976; 39: 1092–1100
  • Sachs C., Berglund B., Kaijser L. Autonomic cardiovascular responses in parkinsonism: effect of levodopa with dopa-decarboxylase inhibition. Ada Neurologica Scandinavica 1985; 71: 37–42
  • Sandyk R. Mechanisms of recovery of MPTP-induced parkinsonism. Neuroscience 1988; 27: 727–729
  • Sandyk R., Iacono R. P. The hypothalamus in Parkinson disease. International Journal of Neuroscience 1987; 33: 257–259
  • Sandyk R., Kay S. R. Drug-induced parkinsonism: relationship to age at onset of schizophrenia. Functional Neurology.
  • Sandyk R., Iacono R. P., Bamford C. R. The hypothalamus in Parkinson disease. Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences 1987; 8: 227–234
  • Smith G. P., Young R. C. A new experimental model of hypokinesia. Advances in Neurology 1974; 5: 427–432
  • Spiegel E. A., Wycis H. T., Schor S., Schwartz H. A., Fabioni F. R. The incidence of vegetative symptoms in Parkinson patients with and without bradykinesia. Third symposium on Parkinson's disease, G. Donaldson, Livingstone 1969; 200
  • Sundqvist G., Aimer L. O., Lilja B. Respiratory influence on heart rate in diabetes mellitus. British Medical Journal 1979; 1: 924–925
  • Talman W. T. Cardiovascular regulation and lesions of the central nervous system. Annals of Neurology 1985; 18: 1–12
  • Tohgi H., Abe T., Takahashi S., Ueno M., Nozaki Y. Cerebrospinal fluid dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine concentrations in Parkinson's disease correlated with clinical symptoms. Advances in neurology: anatomy, pathology, and therapy, M. B. Streifler, A. D. Korczyn, E. Melamed, M. B.H. Youdim. Raven Press, New York 1990; vol. 53: 277–282
  • Trentini G. P., De Gaetani S. F., Criscuolo M., Migaldi M., Ferrari G. Pineal calcification in different physiopathological conditions in humans. Fundamentals and clinics in pineal research, G. P. Trentini, C. De Gaetani, P. Pevet. Raven Press, New York 1987; 291–304
  • Turkka J., Tolonen U., Myllyla V. V. Cardiovascular reflexes in Parkinson's disease. European Neurology 1987; 26: 104–112
  • Watkins P. J., MacKay J. D. Cardiac denervation in diabetic neuropathy. Annals of Internal Medicine 1980; 92: 304–307
  • Wheeler T., Watkins P. J. Cardiac innervation in diabetes. British Medical Journal 1973; 288: 1574–1575

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.