Paroxysmal Itching in Multiple Sclerosis During Treatment with External Magnetic Fields

References

• Aldegunde M., Miquez I., Veira J. Effects of pinealectomy on regional brain serotonin metabolism. International Journal of Neuroscience 1985; 26: 9–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anton-Tay F. Melatonin: effects on brain function. Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology 1974; 11: 315–324
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Appenzeller O. Clinical autonomic failure, practical concepts. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1986; 263
   Google Scholar
• Cairns R. J. The skin and the nervous system. Textbook of dermatology, 2nd edition, A. Rook, D. S. Wilkinson, F. J. G. Ebling. Blackwell, Oxford 1972; 1971
   Google Scholar
• Chapman L. F., Goodell H., Wolff H. G. Structures and processes involved in the sensation of itch. Advances in biology of skin, cutaneous innervation, W. Montagna. Pergamon Press, Oxford 1960; vol. 1: 161
   Google Scholar
• Claveria L. E., Curzon G., Harrison M. J. G., Kantamaneni B. D. Amine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with disseminated sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1974; 37: 715–718
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clifford D. B., Trotter J. L. Pain in multiple sclerosis. Archives of Neurology 1984; 41: 1270–1272
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davidson D., Pullar I. A., Mawdsley C., Kinloch N., Yates C. M. Monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1977; 40: 741–745
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekbom K. A., Westerberg C. E., Osterman P. C. Focal sensory seizures of spinal origin. Lancet 1968; 1: 67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaffori O., Van Ree J. M. Serotonin and antidepressant drugs antagonize melatonin-induced behavioural changes after injection into the nucleus accumbens of rats. Neuropharmacology 1985; 24: 237–244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganong W. F. Review of medical physiology. Lange Medical Publications, Los Altos, California 1985; 110
   Google Scholar
• Guyton A. C. Basic human neurophysiology. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia 1981; 122–123
   Google Scholar
• Hyyppa M. T., Jolma T., Riekkinen P., Rinne U. K. Effects of L-tryptophan on central indoleamine metabolism and short-lasting neurologic disturbances in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neural Transmission 1975; 37: 297–304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavaliers M., Hirst M., Teskey G. C. Ageing, opioid analgesia and the pineal gland. Life Sciences 1983; 32: 2279–2287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakin M. L., Miller C. H., Stott M. L., Winters W. D. Involvement of the pineal gland and melatonin in murine analgesia. Life Sciences 1981; 29: 2543–2551
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lissoni P., Esposti D., Esposti G., Mauri R., Resentini M., Morabito F., Fumagali P., Santa-gostino A., Delitala G., Fraschini A. A clinical study on the relationship between the pineal gland and the opioid system. Journal of Neural Transmission 1986; 65: 63–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lotincz A. L. Neurophysiologic reactions of the skin: pathophysiology of pruritis. Dermatology in general practice, T. B. Fitzpat-rick, K. A. Amdt, W. H. Clark. McGraw-Hill, New York 1971; 212
   Google Scholar
• Matthews W. B. Paroxysmal symptoms in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1975; 38: 617–623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAlpine D. Symptoms and signs. Multiple sclerosis: A reappraisal, D. McAlpine, C. E. Lumsden, E. D. Acheson. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 1972a; 132
   Google Scholar
• McAlpine D. Some aspects of the natural history (continued). Multiple sclerosis, a reappraisal, D. McAlpine, C. E. Lumsden, E. D. Acheson. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh 1972b; 99
   Google Scholar
• Osterman P. O. Paroxysmal itching in multiple sclerosis. British Journal of Dermatology 1976; 95: 555–558
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osterman P. O., Westerberg C. E. Paroxysmal attacks in multiple sclerosis. Brain 1975; 98: 189–202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pazo J. H. Effects of melatonin or spontaneous and evoked neuronal activity in the mesencephalic reticular formation. Brain Research Bulletin. 1979; 4: 725–730
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiter R. J. Changes in circadian melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland of animals exposed to extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation: A summary of observations and speculation on their implications. Electromagnetic fields and circadian rhythmicity, M. C. Moore-Ede, S. S. Campbell, R. J. Reiter. Birkhauser, Boston 1992; 13–27
   Google Scholar
• Rosenstein R. E., Cardinali D. P. Melatonin increases in vivo GABA accumulation in rat hypothalamus, cerebellum, cerebral cortex and pineal gland. Brain Research 1986; 398: 403–406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rozencwaig R., Grad B. R., Ochoa J. The role of melatonin and serotonin in aging. Medical Hypotheses 1987; 23: 337–352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sallanon M., Claustrat B., Touret M. Presence of melatonin in various cat brainstem nuclei determined by radioimmunoassay. Acta Endocrinologica 1982; 101: 161–165
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sandyk R. The pineal gland and multiple sclerosis. (Editorial). International Journal of Neu-roscience 1992a; 63: 206–215
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandyk R. Successful treatment of multiple sclerosis with magnetic fields. International Journal of Neuroscience 1992b; 66: 237–250
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandyk R. Demyelination as an epiphenomenon in multiple sclerosis (Editorial). International Journal of Neuroscience., in press
   Google Scholar
• Semm P. Pineal function in mammals and birds is altered by earth-strength magnetic fields. Electromagnetic fields and circadian rhythmicity, M. C. Moore-Ede, S. S. Campbell, R. J. Reiter. Birkhauser, Boston 1992; 53–62
   Google Scholar
• Silberstein S. D. Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of headache. Neurology 1992; 42: 6–10, suppl 2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smythe G. A., Lazarus L. Growth hormone regulation by melatonin and serotonin. Nature 1973; 244: 230–231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smythe G. A., Lazarus L. Growth hormone response to melatonin in man. Science 1974a; 184: 1373–1374
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smythe G. A., Lazarus L. Suppression of HGH secretion by melatonin and cyproheptadine. Journal of Clinical Investigations 1974b; 54: 116–121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonninen V., Riekkinen P., Rinne U. K. Acid monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1973; 23: 760–763
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sweet W. H. Pain. Handbook of physiology, J. Field, H. W. Maoun, V. E. Hall. American Physiological Society, Washington 1959; vol. 1: 459
   Google Scholar
• Torebjork H. E. Afferent C responding to mechanical, thermal chemical stimuli in human non-glabrous skin. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 1974; 92: 374–390
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Welker H. A., Semm P., Willig R. P., Commentz J. C., Wiltschko W., Vollrath L. Effects of an artificial magnetic field on serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin content of the rat pineal gland. Experimental Brain Research 1983; 50: 426–432
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yabuki S., Hayabara T. Paroxysmal dysesthesia in multiple sclerosis. Folia Psychiatria Neurologia (Japan) 1979; 33: 97–104
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yamamoto M., Yabuki S., Hayabara T., Otsuki S. Paroxysmal itching in multiple sclerosis a report of three cases. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1981; 44: 19–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar