Estrogen's Impact on Cognitive Functions in Multiple Sclerosis

References

• Abramsky O. Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis. Annals of Neurology 1994; 36: S38–S43, (suppl)
   Google Scholar
• Aghajanian G. K., Sprouse J. S., Rasmussen K. Physiology of the midbrain serotonin system. Psychopharmacology: the third generation of progress, H. Y. Meltzer. Raven Press, New York 1987; 141–149
   Google Scholar
• Altar C. A., O'Neill S., Walter R. W. Brain dopamine and 5-HT receptor sites revealed by digital substraction autoradiography. Science 1985; 228: 597–600
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Altman H. J., Normile H. J. Enhancement of the memory of a previously learned aversive habit following pre-test administration of a variety of serotonergic antagonists in mice. Psychopharmacology 1986; 90: 24–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altman H. J., Normile H. J. What is the nature of the role of the serotonergic nervous system in learning and memory: prospects for development of an effective treatment strategy for senile dementia. Neurobiology of Aging 1988; 9: 627–638
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archer T., Ogren S. O., Johansson C. The acute effects of p-chloroamphetamine on the retention of fear conditioning in the rat: evidence for a role of serotonin in memory consolidation. Neuroscience Letters 1981; 25: 75–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumgarten H. G., Lachenmayer L. Anatomical features and physiological properties of central serotonin neurons. Pharmacopsychiatrie 1985; 18: 180–187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beatty W. W., Goodkin D. E., Beatty P. A., Monson N. Frontal lobe dysfunction and memory impairment in patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain and Cognition 1989; 11: 73–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedard P., Pycock C. J. ‘Wet dog’ shake behaviour in the rat: a possible quantitative model of central 5-hydroxytryptamine activity. Neuropharmacology 1977; 16: 663–670
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Benton A. L. Differential effects of frontal lobe disease. Neuropsychologia 1968; 6: 53–60
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biegon A., Bercovitz H., Samuel D. Serotonin receptors concentration during the estrous cycle of the rat. Brain Research 1980; 187: 221–225
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biegon A., Reches A., Snyder L., McEwen B. Serotonergic and noradrenergic receptors in the rat brain: modulation by chronic exposure to ovarian hormones. Life Sciences 1983; 32: 2015–2021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birk K., Rudick R. Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis. Archives of Neurology 1986; 43: 719–726
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birk K., Ford C, Smeltzer S., Ryan D., Miller R., Rudick R. A. The clinical course of multiple sclerosis during pregnancy and the puerperium. Archives of Neurology 1990; 47: 738–742
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birner I. M. Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis: case report. New York State Journal of Medicine 1945; 45: 634–635
   Google Scholar
• Brunello N., Riva M., Rovescalli A. C., Galimberti R., Racasni G. Age-related changes in rat serotonergic and adrenergic systems and in receptor responsiveness to subchronic desipramine treatment. Pharmacology and Toxicology 1988; 63: 150–155
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chopin P., Briley M. Animal models of anxiety: the effect of compounds that modify 5-HT neurotransmission. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 1987; 8: 383–388
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claveria L. E., Curzon G., Harrison M. J. G., Kantamaneni B. D. Amine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with disseminated sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1974; 37: 715–718
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comings D. E. Tourette syndrome and human behavior. Hope Press, Duarte, CA 1990; 341–361
   Google Scholar
• Costall B., Domeney A. M., Kelly M. E., Naylor R. J. Influence of 5-HT on cognitive performance. Serotonin, CNS receptors and brain function, P. B. Bradley, S. L. Handley, S. J. Cooper, B. J. Key, N. M. Barnes, J. H. Coote. Pergamon Press, Oxford 1992; 147–164
   Google Scholar
• Cowen P. J. Serotonin receptor subtypes: implications for psychopharmacology. British Journal of Psychiatry 1991; 159: 7–14, (suppl. 12)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross A. J., Crow T. J., Ferrier I. N., Johnson J. A., Bloom S. R., Corsellis J. A. N. Serotonin receptor changes in dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Journal of Neurochemistry 1984; 43: 1574–1581
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davidson D., Pullar J. A., Mawdsley C., Kinloch N., Yates C. M. Monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1977; 40: 741–745
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis R. K., Maslow A. S. Multiple sclerosis in pregnancy: a review. Obstetrics and Gynecological Survey 1992; 47: 290–296
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dickey R. P., Stone S. C. Gonadal hormones and cognitive performance. Physiological Psychology 1978; 6: 115–120
   Google Scholar
• Dow R. C., Williams B. C., Bennie J., Carroll S., Fink G. A central 5-HT2 receptor mechanism plays a key role in the proestrous surge of luteinizing hormone in the rat. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1994; 19: 395–399
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Duquette P., Girard M. Hormonal factors in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Current Opinion in Neurology and Neurosurgery 1993; 6: 195–201
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Duquette P., Pleines J., Charest L., Senecal-Quevillon M., Masse C. The increased susceptibility of women to multiple sclerosis. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 1992; 19: 466–471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisen A. S., Eisen M. S., Torrente J. R., Wright R. N., Yocca F. D. Nefazodone: preclinical pharmacology of a new antidepressant. Psychopharmacology Bulletin 1990; 26: 311–315
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fahn S. Posthypoxic action myoclonus: review of the literature and report of two new cases with response to valproate and estrogen. Advances in Neurology 1979; 26: 49–84
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fischette C. T., Biegon A., McEwen B. S. Sex differences in serotonin-1-receptor binding in rat brain. Science 1983; 222: 333–335
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischman H. R. Multiple sclerosis: a two stage process?. American Journal of Epidemiology 1981; 114: 244–252
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francis G. S., Antel J. P., Duquette P. Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the CNS. Neurology in clinical practice, W. G. Bradley, B. Daroff, G. M. Fenichel, C. D. Marsden. Butterworth, Boston 1990; 1154
   Google Scholar
• Franklin G. M., Nelson L. M., Filley C. M., Heaton R. K. Cognitive loss in multiple sclerosis. Case reports and review of the literature. Archives of Neurology 1989; 46: 162–167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman E. W., Rickels K., Sondheimer S. J., Denis A., Pfeifer S., Weil S. Nefazodone in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: apreliminary study. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 1994; 14: 180–186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghezzi A., Caputo D. Pregnancy: a factor influencing the course of multiple sclerosis?. European Neurology. 1981; 20: 115–117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glennon R. A. Serotonin receptors: clinical implications. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 1990; 14: 35–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross-Isseroff R., Salama D., Israeli M., Biegon A. Autoradiographic analysis of age-dependent changes in serotonin 5-HT2 receptors of the human brain postmortem. Brain Research 1990; 519: 223–227
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hampson E. Estrogen-related variations in human spatial and articulatory-motor skills. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1990; 15: 97–111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris B. Biological and hormonal aspects of postpartum depressed mood. Working towards strategies for prophylaxis and treatment. British Journal of Psychiatry 1994; 164: 288–292
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heaton R. K., Nelson L. M., Thompson D. S., Burks J. S., Franklin G. M. Neuropsychological findings in relapsing remitting and chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1985; 53: 103–110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson B., Ross B. E. 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid in CSF of patients with neurological disease. European Neurology 1977; 11: 37–45
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Junquiera L. C., Carneiro J. Basic histology, 4th ed. Lange Medical Publications, Los Altos, CA 1983
   Google Scholar
• Kendall D. A., Stancel G. M., Enna S. J. Imipramine: effect of ovarian steroids on modifications in serotonin receptor binding. Science 1981; 211: 1183–1185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kom-Lubetzki I., Kahana E., Cooper G., Abramsky O. Activity of multiple sclerosis during pregnancy and puerperium. Annals of Neurology 1984; 16: 229–231
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kueng W., Wirz-Justice A., Menzi R., Chappuis-Arndt E. Regional brain variations of tryptophan, monoamines, monoamine oxidase activity, plasma free and total tryptophan during the estrous cycle of the rat. Neuroendocrinology 1976; 21: 289–296
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lawlor B. A. Serotonin and Alzheimer's disease. Psychiatric Annals 1990; 20: 567–570
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard B. E. Pharmacological effects of serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1988; 49: 12–17, (suppl)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leysen J. Serotonin receptor binding sites: Is there pharmacological and clinical significance?. Medical Biology 1983; 61: 139–143
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leysen J. E. Characterization of serotonin receptor binding sites. Neuropharmacology of serotonin, A. R. Green. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1985; 79–116
   Google Scholar
• Luga N., Hategan D. Determination of serotonin content and ceruloplasmin activity of blood and CSF amino acid level in multiple sclerosis. Review Roumanian Medicine–Neurology and Psychiatry 1986; 24: 153–159
   Google Scholar
• Magos A., Studd J. Effects of the menstrual cycle on medical disorders. British Journal of Hospital Medicine 1985; 33: 68–77
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Markianos M., Sfagos C. Altered serotonin uptake kinetics in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology 1988; 235: 236–237
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayeux R., Stern Y., Sano M., Williams J. B. W., Cote L. J. The relationship of serotonin to depression in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders 1988; 3: 237–244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCall M., Sutherland J., Acheson E. The frequency of multiple sclerosis in Western Australia. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 1969; 45: 151–165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEntee W. J., Crook T. H. Serotonin, memory, and the aging brain. Psychopharmacology 1991; 103: 143–149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEntee W. J., Mair R. G. Memory enhancement in Korsakoff's psychosis with clonidine: further evidence for a noradrenergic deficit. Annals of Neurology 1980; 7: 466–470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesulam M. M. Frontal cortex and behavior. Annals of Neurology 1986; 19: 320–325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millar J. H. D., Allison R. S., Cheeseman E. A., Merrett J. D. Pregnancy as a factor influencing relapse in disseminated sclerosis. Brain 1959; 82: 417–426
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monaco F., Fumero S., Mondino A., Mutani R. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid tryptophan in multiple sclerosis and degenerative diseases. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1979; 42: 640–641
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morilak D. A., Garlow S. J., Ciaranello R. D. Immunocytochemical localization and descriptions of neurons expressing serotonin2 receptors in the rat brain. Neuroscience 1993; 54: 701–717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munaro N. I. The effect of ovarian steroids on hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine neuronal activity. Neuroendocrinology 1978; 26: 270–276
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nilsson O. G., Strecker R. E., Daszuta A., Bjorklund A. Combined cholinergic and serotonergic denervation of forebrain produces severe deficits in a spatial learning task in the rat. Brain Research 1988; 453: 235–246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connor L. H., Feder H. H. Estradiol and progesterone influence a serotonin mediated behavioral syndrome (myoclonus) in female guinea pigs: comparison with steroid effects on reproductive behavior. Brain Research 1984; 293: 119–125
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pazos A., Cortes R., Palacios J. M. Quantitative autoradiographic mapping of serotonin receptors in the rat brain. II. serotonin-2-receptors. Brain Research 1985; 346: 231–249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peroutka S. J., Lebovitz R. M., Snyder S. H. Two distinct central serotonin receptors with different physiological functions. Science 1981; 212: 827–829
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peroutka S. J., Sleight A. J., McCarthy B. G., Pierce P. A., Schmidt A. W., Hekmatpanah C. R. The clinical utility of pharmacological agents that act at serotonin receptors. Journal of Neuropsychiatry 1989; 1: 253–262
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peyser J. M., Rao S. M., LaRocca N. G., Kaplan E. Guidelines for neuropsychological research in multiple sclerosis. Archives of Neurology 1990; 47: 94–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poser S., Poser W. Multiple sclerosis and gestation. Neurology 1983; 33: 1422–1427
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pranzatelli M., Snodgrass S. The pharmacology of myoclonus. Clinical Neuropharmacology 1985; 8: 99–130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao S. M., Hammeke T. A., McQuillen M. P., Khatri B. O., Lloyd D. Memory disturbance in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Archives of Neurology 1984; 41: 625–631
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao S. M., Hammeke T. A., Speech T. J. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in relapsing-remitting and chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1987; 55: 263–265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao S. M., Leo G. J., Bernardin L., Unverzagt F. Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. I. Frequency, patterns, and prediction. Neurology 1991; 41: 685–691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richter-Levin G., Segal M. Spatial performance is severely impaired in rats with combined reduction of serotonergic and cholinergic transmission. Brain Research 1988; 477: 404–407
   Google Scholar
• Rose D. P. The influence of sex, age and breast cancer on tryptophan metabolism. Clinica Chimica Acta 1967; 18: 221–215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampson E., Kimura D. Reciprocal effects of hormonal fluctuations on human motor and perceptual-spatial skills. Behavioral Neuroscience 1988; 102: 456–459
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sandyk R. Premenstrual exacerbation of symptoms in multiple sclerosis is attenuated by treatment with weak electromagnetic fields. International Journal of Neuroscience 1995; 83: 187–198
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schapira K., Poskanzer D. C., Newell D. J., Miller H. Marriage, pregnancy and multiple sclerosis. Brain 1966; 89: 419–428
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schotte A., Maloteaux J. M., Laduron P. M. Characterization and regional distribution of serotonin-S2 receptors in human brain. Brain Research 1983; 276: 231–235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheldon P. W., Aghajanian G. K. Serotonin (5-HT) induces IPSPs in pyramidal layer cells of rat piriform cortex: evidence for the involvement of a 5-HT2-activated interneuron. Brain Research 1990; 506: 62–69
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Silvio J., Riekkinen P., Jakala P., Riekkinen P. J. Experimental studies on the role of serotonin in cognition. Progress in Neurobiology 1994; 43: 363–379
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soininen H., MacDonald E., Rekonen M., Riekkinen P. J. Homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyin-doleacetic acid in cerebrospinal fluidof patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 1981; 64: 101–107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonninen V., Riekkinen P., Rinne U. K. Acid monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1973; 23: 760–763
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanley M., Mann J. J. Increased serotonin-S2 binding sites in frontal cortex of suicide victims. Lancet 1983; 1: 214–216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strek K. F., Spencer K. R., DeNoble V. J. Manipulation of serotonin protects against an hypoxia-induced deficit of a passive avoidance response in rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 1989; 33: 241–244
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sumner B. E. H., Fink G. Effects of acute estradiol on 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine receptor subtype mRNA expression in female rat brain. Molecular Cell Neuroscience 1993; 4: 83–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumner B. E. H., Fink G. Estrogen increase the density of 5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptors in the cerebral cortex and nucleus accumbens in the female rat. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 1995; 54: 15–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sweeney W. J. Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1955; 66: 124–130
   Google Scholar
• Tabaddor K., Wolfson L. I., Sharpless N. S. Ventricular fluid homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyin-doleacetic acid concentrations in patients with movement disorders. Neurology 1978; 28: 1249–1253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tillman A. J. B. The effect of pregnancy on multiple sclerosis and its management. Research Publications of the Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease 1950; 28: 548–582
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wainerdi H. R. Does the multiple-sclerosis syndrome begin at puberty?. Boston Medical Quarterly 1961; 12: 44–47
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wander T. J., Nelson A., Okazaki H. Antagonism by antidepressants of serotonin S1 and S2 receptors of normal human brain in vitro. European Journal of Pharmacology 1986; 132: 114–121
   Google Scholar
• Ward M. M., Stone S. C., Sandman C. A. Visual perception in women during the menstrual cycle. Physiology and Behavior 1978; 20: 239–243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weingartner H., Rudorfer M. V., Buchsbaum M. S., Linnoila M. Effects of serotonin on memory impairments produced by ethanol. Science 1983; 221: 472–474
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wetzel W., Getsova V. M., Jork R., Matthies H. Effect of serotonin on Y-maze retention and hip-pocampal protein synthesis in rats. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 1980; 12: 319–322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White R. F. Emotional and cognitive correlates of multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neuropsychiatry 1990; 2: 422–428
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Whitham R. H. Cognitive and emotional disorders in multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis: current status of research and treatment, R. M. Herndon, F. J. Seil. Demos, New York 1994; 189–209
   Google Scholar
• Wirz-Justice A., Chappuis-Arndt E. Sex specific differences in chlorimipramine inhibition of serotonin uptake in human platelets. European Journal of Pharmacology 1976; 40: 21–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woolley D. E., Timiras P. S. The gonadal brain relationship: effects of female sex hormones on elec-troshock convulsions in the rat. Endocrinology 1962; 70: 196–209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar