14
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Treatment With Weak Electromagnetic Fields Attenuates Carbohydrate Craving in a Patient With Multiple Sclerosis

Pages 67-77 | Received 30 Jan 1996, Published online: 07 Jul 2009

References

  • Acheson E. D. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis. British Medical Bulletin 1977; 33: 9–14
  • Arendt J. Melatonin: a new probe in psychiatric investigations?. British Journal of Psychiatry 1989; 155: 585–590
  • Bamford C. R., Sibley W. A., Thies C. Seasonal variation of MS exacerbations in Arizona. Neurology 1983; 33: 1537–1544
  • Bell I. R. Diet histories in narcolepsy. Narcolepsy, C. Guilleminault, W. C. Dement, P. Passouant. Spectrum, New York 1976; 221–227
  • Blehar M. C., Rosenthal N. E. Seasonal affective disorders and phototherapy. Archives of General Psychiatry 1989; 46: 469–474
  • Blundell J. E. Serotonin and appetite. Neuropharmacology 1984; 23: 1537–1551
  • Brooks D. N. Memory and head injury. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1972; 155: 350–355
  • Carlsson A., Svennerholm L., Winblad B. Seasonal and circadian monoamine variations in human brains examined post-mortem. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1980; 61: 75–85, (suppl 280)
  • Clark C. M., Fleming J. A., Li D., Oger J., Klonoff H., Paty D. Sleep disturbance, depression, and lesion site in multiple sclerosis. Archives of Neurology 1992; 49: 641–643
  • Claveria L. E., Curzon G., Harrison M. J. G., Kantamaneni B. D. Amine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with disseminated sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1974; 37: 715–718
  • Clifford D. B., Trotter J. L. Pain in multiple sclerosis. Archives of Neurology 1984; 41: 1270–1272
  • Cremer-Bartels G., Krause K., Kuechle H. J. Influence of low magnetic field-strength variations on the retina and pineal gland of quails and humans. Graefe's Archives of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 1983; 220: 248–252
  • Dalton K. The premenstrual syndrome. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL 1964
  • Davidson D., Pullar I. A., Mawdsley C., Kinloch N., Yates C. M. Monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 1977; 40: 741–745
  • De Castro J. M. Seasonal rhythms of human nutrient intake and meal pattern. Physiology & Behavior 1991; 50: 243–248
  • Demaine C., Semm P. The avian pineal gland as an independent magnetic sensor. Neuroscience Utters 1985; 62: 119–122
  • Desor J. A., Mailer O., Turner R. E. Taste in acceptance of sugar by human infants. Journal of Comparative Physiology and Psychology. 1973; 84: 496–501
  • Femstrom J. D., Wurtman R. J. Brain serotonin content: physiological regulation by plasma neutral amino acids. Science 1972; 178: 414–416
  • Femstrom J. D., Larin F., Wurtman R. J. Correlations between brain tryptophan and plasma neutral amino acids levels following food consumption in rats. Life Sciences 1973; 13: 517–524
  • Fischman H. R. Multiple sclerosis: a two stage process?. American Journal of Epidemiology 1981; 114: 244–252
  • Flax J. W., Gray J., Herbert J. Effect of fluoxetine on patients with multiple sclerosis. American Journal of Psychiatry 1991; 148: 1603
  • Fletcher P. J., Burton M. J. Effects of manipulations of peripheral serotonin on feeding and drinking in the rat. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 1984; 20: 835–840
  • Garvey M. J., Wesner R., Godes M. Comparison of seasonal and nonseasonal affective disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 1988; 145: 100–102
  • Hopf H. C., Johnson E. A., Gutmann L. Protective effect of serotonin on migraine attacks. Neurology 1992; 42: 1419
  • Hunt N., Silverstone T. Seasonal affective disorder following brain injury. British Journal of Psychiatry 1990; 156: 884–886
  • Hyyppa M. T., Jolma T., Riekkinen P., Rinne U. K. Effects of L-tryptophan on central indoleamine metabolism and short-lasting neurologic disturbances in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neural Transmission 1975; 37: 297–304
  • Jankovic B. D., Isakovic K., Petrovic S. Effect of pinealectomy on immune reactions in the rat. Immunology 1970; 18: 1–5
  • Johansson B., Ross B. E. 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid in CSF of patients with neurological disease. European Neurology 1977; 11: 37–45
  • Kay R. W. Geomagnetic storms: association with incidence of depression as measured by hospital admission. British Journal of Psychiatry 1994; 164: 403–409
  • Kellner C. H., Davenport Y., Post R. M., Ross R. J. Rapidly cycling bipolar disorder and multiple sclerosis. American Journal of Psychiatry 1984; 141: 112–113
  • Klein D. C., Smoot R., Weller J. L., Higa S., Markey S. P., Creed G. J., Jacobowitz D. M. Lesions of the paraventricular nucleus area of the hypothalamus disrupt the suprachiasmatic-spinal cord circuit in the melatonin rhythm generating system. Brain Research Bulletin 1983; 10: 647–652
  • Johnson R. T. The virology of demyelinating diseases. Annals of Neurology 1994; 36: S54–S60
  • Kolb B., Whishaw I. Q. Fundamentals of human neuropsychology. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York 1990; 455–456
  • Krauchi K., Wirz-Justice A. The four seasons: food intake in seasonal affective disorder in the course of a year. Psychiatry Research 1988; 25: 323–338
  • Krauchi K., Wirz-Justice A., Graw P. The relationship of affective state to dietary preference: winter depression and light therapy as a model. Journal of Affective Disorder 1990; 20: 43–53
  • Kurtzke J. F. On the time of onset in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 1965; 44: 140–158
  • Kurtzke J. F., Hyllested K. Multiple sclerosis in the Faroe Islands: I. clinical and epidemiological features. Annals of Neurology 1979; 5: 6–21
  • Kurtzke J. F., Kurland L. T., Goldberg I. D. Multiple sclerosis. Epidemiology of neurologic and sense organ disorders, L. T. Kurland, J. F.J. F. Kurtzke, D. Goldberg. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 1973
  • Lance J. W. Migraine. Recent advances in clinical neurology, W. B. Matthews, G. H. Glaser. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh 1978; 145–161
  • Leibowitz S. F. Brain monoamines and peptides: role in the control of eating behaviour. Federation Proceedings 1986; 45: 1396–1403
  • Leibowitz S. F., Weiss G. F., Shor-Posner G. Hypothalamic serotonin: pharmacological, biochemical, and behavioral analyses of its feeding-suppressive action. Clinical Neuropharmacology 1988; 11: S51–S71, (suppl, 1)
  • Lerchl A., Nonaka K. O., Stokkan K. A., Reiter R. J. Marked rapid alterations in nocturnal pineal serotonin metabolism in mice and rats exposed to weak intermittent magnetic fields. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1990; 169: 102–108
  • Levitt A. J., Brown G. M., Kennedy S. H., Stern K. Tryptophan treatment and melatonin response in a patient with seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 1991; 11: 74–75
  • Lewy A. J., Sack R. L., Miller S. Antidepressants and circadian phase shifting effects of light. Science 1987; 235: 352–354
  • Lezak M. D. Neuropsychological assessment, second Edition. Oxford University Press, New York 1983; 404–405
  • Lyons, Truswell. Serotonin precursor influenced by type of carbohydrate meal in healthy adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1988; 47: 433–439
  • MacKenzie R. G., Trulson M. E. Effects of insulin and streptozotocin-induced diabetes on brain tryptophan and serotonin metabolism in rats. Journal of Neurochemistry 1978; 30: 205–211
  • Maestroni G. J. M., Conti A., Pierpaoli W. The pineal gland and the circadian, opiatergic, immunoregulatory role of melatonin. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 1987; 496: 67–77
  • Matthews W. B. Paroxysmal symptoms in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1975; 38: 617–623
  • McGrath R. E., Buckwald B., Resnick E. V. The effect of L-tryptophan on seasonal affective disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1990; 51: 161–163
  • Monaco F., Fumero S., Mondino A., Mutani R. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid tryptophan in multiple sclerosis and degenerative diseases. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1979; 42: 640–641
  • Neill J. C., Cooper S. J. Evidence that d-fenfluramine anorexia is mediated by 5-HT, receptors. Psychopharmacology 1989; 97: 213–218
  • Olcese J., Reuss S., Vollrath L. Evidence for the involvement of the visual system in mediating magnetic field effects on pineal melatonin synthesis in the rat. Brain Research 1985; 333: 382–384
  • Olcese J., Reuss S., Stehle J., Steinlechner S., Vollrath L. Responses of the mammalian retina to experimental alteration of the ambient magnetic field. Brain Research 1988; 448: 325–330
  • Oliveras J. L., Besson J. M. Serotonin, stimulation-produced analgesia and spinal mechanisms of antinociceplion. Advances in the biosciences: serotonin, CNS receptors and brain function, P. B. Bradley, S. L. Handley, S. J. Cooper, B. J. Key, N. M. Barnes, J. H. Coote. Pergamon Press, Oxford 1992; vol. 85: 383–406
  • O'Rourke D., Wurtman J., Brzezinski A., Abou-Nader T., Marchant P., Wurtman R. J. Treatment of seasonal affective disorder with d-fenfluramine. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1987; 499: 329–330
  • O'Rourke D., Wurtman J. J., Wurtman R. J., Chebli R., Gleason R. Treatment of seasonal depression with d-fenfluramine. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1989; 50: 343–347
  • Pierpaoli W., Maestroni G. J. M. Neuroimmunomodulation: some recent views and findings. International Journal of Neuroscience 1988; 39: 165–175
  • Reiter R. J., Richardson B. A. Magnetic fields effects on pineal indoleamine metabolism and possible biological consequences. FASEB Journal 1992; 6: 2283–2287
  • Rella W., Lapin V. lmmunocompetence of pinealectomized and simulateneously pinealectomized and thymectomized rats. Oncology 1976; 33: 3–6
  • Reuss S., Olcese J. Magnetic field effects of the rat pineal gland: role of retinal activation by light. Neuroscience Letters 1986; 64: 97–101
  • Rosen L. N., Livingstone I. R., Rosenthal N. E. Multiple sclerosis and latitude: a new perspective on an old association. Medical Hypotheses 1991; 36: 376–378
  • Rosenthal N. E., Heffernan M. M. Bulimia, carbohydrate craving, and depression: a central connection?. Nutrition and the brain, R. J. Wurtman, J. J. Wurtman. Raven Press, New York 1986; vol. 7: 139–166
  • Rosenthal N. E., Sack D. A., James S. P., Parry B. L., Mendelson W. B., Tamarkin L., Wehr T. A. Seasonal affective disorder and phototherapy. 1984, Presented at the New York Academy of Sciences, November, 1984.
  • Rosenthal N. E., Sack D. A., Carpenter C. J., Parry B. L., Mendelson W. B., Wehr T. A. Antidepressant effects of light in seasonal affective disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry 1985; 142: 163–170
  • Rosenthal N. E., Jacobsen F. M., Sack D. A., Arendt J., James S. P., Parry B. L., Wehr T. A. Atenolol in seasonal affective disorder: a test of the melatonin hypothesis. American Journal of Psychiatry 1988; 145: 52–56
  • Roszman T. L., Jackson J. C., Cross R. J., Titus M. J., Markesbery W. R., Brooks W. H. Neuroanatomies and neurotransmitter influences on immune function. Journal of Immunology 1985; 135: 769S–772S
  • Sandyk R. Successful treatment of multiple sclerosis with magnetic fields. International Journal of Neuroscience 1992a; 66: 237–250
  • Sandyk R. The pineal gland and multiple sclerosis. (Editorial). International Journal of Neuroscience 1992b; 63: 206–215
  • Sandyk R. Multiple sclerosis: The role of puberty and the pineal gland in its pathogenesis. International Journal of Neuroscience 1993; 68: 209–225
  • Sandyk R. Rapid normalization of visual evoked potentials by picotesla range magnetic fields in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. International Journal of Neuroscience 1994; 77: 243–259
  • Sandyk R. Chronic relapsing multiple sclerosis: a case of rapid recovery by application of weak electromagnetic fields. International Journal of Neuroscience 1995; 82: 223–242
  • Sandyk R., Awerbuch G. I. Nocturnal plasma melatonin and alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone levels during exacerbation of multiple sclerosis. International Journal of Neuroscience 1992; 67: 173–186
  • Sandyk R., Awerbuch G. I. Nocturnal melatonin secretion in multiple sclerosis patients with affective disorders. International Journal of Neuroscience 1993a; 68: 227–240
  • Sandyk R., Awerbuch G. I. Multiple sclerosis: relationship between seasonal variations of relapse and age of onset. International Journal of Neuroscience 1993b; 71: 147–157
  • Sandyk R., Derpapas K. Magnetic fields normalize visual and brainstem auditory evoked potentials in multiple sclerosis. International Journal of Neuroscience 1993a; 68: 241–253
  • Sandyk R., Derpapas K. Successful treatment of an acute exacerbation of multiple sclerosis by external magnetic fields. International Journal of Neuroscience 1993b; 70: 97–105
  • Sandyk R., Iacono R. P. Resolution of longstanding symptoms of multiple sclerosis by application of picotesla range magnetic fields. International Journal of Neuroscience 1993; 70: 255–269
  • Sandyk R., Awerbuch G. I. The co-occurrence of multiple sclerosis and migraine headache: the sero-toninergic link. International Journal of Neuroscience 1994; 76: 249–257
  • Sandyk R., Dann L. C. Weak electromagnetic fields attenuate tremor in multiple sclerosis. International Journal of Neuroscience 1994; 79: 199–212
  • Sandyk R., iacono R. P. Improvement by picotesla magnetic fields of perceptual-motor performance in a patient with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. International Journal of Neuroscience 1994; 78: 53–66
  • Sandyk R., Dann L. C. Resolution of Lhermitte's sign in multiple sclerosis by treatment with weak electromagnetic fields. International Journal of Neuroscience 1995; 81: 215–224
  • Sandyk R., Anninos P. A., Tsagas N. Magnetic fields and seasonality of affective illness: implications for therapy. International Journal of Neuroscience 1991; 58: 261–267
  • Schiffer R. B., Babigian H. M. Behavioral disorders in multiple sclerosis, temporal lobe epilepsy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an epidemiologic study. Archives of Neurology 1984; 41: 1067–1069
  • Schiffer R. B., Wineman N. M., Weitkamp L. R. Association between bipolart affective disorder and multiple sclerosis. American Journal of Psychiatry 1986; 143: 94–95
  • Semm P. Neurobiological investigations on the magnetic sensitivity of the pineal gland in rodents and pigeons. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 1983; 76A: 683–689
  • Semm P., Schneider T., Vollrath L. Effects of an earth-strengh magnetic field on electrical activity of pineal cells. Nature 1980; 288: 607–608
  • Sharma H. S., Dey P. K. Probable involvement of 5-hydroxytryptamine in increased permeability of blood-brain barrier under heat stress in young rats. Neuropharmacology 1986; 25: 161–167
  • Skwerer R. G., Jacobson F. M., Duncan C. C., Kelly K. A., Sack D. A., Tamarkin L., Gaist P. A., Kasper S., Rosenthal N. E. Neurobiology of seasonal affective disorder and phototherapy. Journal of Biological Rhythms 1988; 3: 135–154
  • Smale L., Cassone V. M., Moore R. Y., Morin L. P. Paraventricular nucleus projections mediating pineal melatonin and gonadal responses to photoperiod in the hamster. Brain Research Bulletin 1989; 22: 263–269
  • Sonninen V., Riekkinen P., Rinne U. K. Acid monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1973; 23: 760–763
  • Tabaddor K., Wolfson L. I., Sharpless N. S. Ventricular fluid homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyin-doleacetic acid concentrations in patients with movement disorders. Neurology 1978; 28: 1249–1253
  • Taylor L. B. Localization of cerebral lesions by psychological testing. Clinical Neurosurgery 1969; 16: 269–287
  • Terman M., Terman J. S., Quitkin F. M. Light therapy for seasonal affective disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 1989; 2: 1–22
  • Thompson C., Isaacs G. Seasonal affective disorder- a British sample. Journal of Affective Disorders 1988; 14: 1–11
  • Wainerdi H. R. Does the multiple-sclerosis syndrome begin at puberty?. Boston Medical Quarterly 1961; 12: 44–47
  • Warren S., Warren K. G. Multiple sclerosis and associated diseases: A relationship to diabetes mellitus. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 1981; 8: 35–39
  • Warren S. A., Warren K. G. Multiple sclerosis and diabetes mellitus: Further evidence for a relationship. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 1982; 11: 415–419
  • Watkins S., Espir M. Migraine and multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 1969; 32: 35–37
  • Wehr T. A., Rosenthal N. E. Seasonality and affective illness. American Journal of Psychiatry 1989; 146: 829–839
  • Wurtman R. J. Nutritional control of brain tryptophan and serotonin. Biochenical and medical aspects of tryptophan metabolism, O. Hayashi, Y. Ishimura, R. Kido. Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam 1980; 31–46
  • Wurtman R. J. Nutrients that modify brain function. Scientific American 1982; 246: 42–51
  • Wurtman R. J., Fernstrom J. D. Control of brain neurotransmitter synthesis by precursor availability and nutritional state. Biochemical Pharmacology 1976; 25: 1691–1696
  • Wurtman R. J., Wurtman J. J. Nutritional control of central neurotransmitters. The psychobiology of anorexia nervosa, K. M. Pirke, D. Ploog. Springer Verlag, Berlin 1984a; 4–11
  • Wurtman R. J., Wurtman J. J. Impaired control of appetite for carbohydrates in some patients with eating disorders: treatment with pharmacologic agents. The psychobiology of anorexia nervosa, K. M. Pirke, D. Ploog. Springer Verlag, Berlin 1984b; 12–21
  • Wurtman R. J., Wurtman J. J. Carbohydrates and depression. Scientific American, January 1989; 68–75
  • Wurtman R. J., Hefti F., Melamed E. Precursor control of neurotransmitter synthesis. Pharmacological Reviews 1981; 32: 315–335
  • Wurtman J. J., Wurtman R. J., Growdon J. H., Henry P., Lipscomb A., Zeisel S. H. Carbohydrate craving in obese people: suppression by treatments affecting serotonergic transmission. International Journal of Eating Disorders 1981; 1: 2–15
  • Wurtman J. I., Wurtman R. J., Mark S., Tsay R., Gilbert W., Growdon J. D-fenfluramine selectively suppresses carbohydrate snacking by obese subjects. International Journal of Eating Disorders 1985; 4: 89–99
  • Young S. N. The clinical psychopharmacology of tryptophan. Nutrition and the bruin, R. J. Wurtman, J. J. Wurtman. Raven Press, New York 1986; vol. 7: 49–88
  • Zimmermann R. C., McDougle C. J., Schumacher M., Olcese J., Mason J. W., Heninger G. R., Price L. H. Effects of acute tryptophan depletion on nocturnal melatonin secretion in humans. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1993; 76: 1160–1164

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.