Nebivolol and metoprolol: long-term effects on inflammation and oxidative stress in essential hypertension

References

• Lindholm LH, Carlberg B, Samuelsson O. Should beta blockers remain first choice in the treatment of primary hypertension? A meta-analysis. Lancet 2005;366:1545–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fratta Pasini A, Garbin U, Nava MC, Stranieri C, Davoli A, Sawamura T, Lo Cascio V, Cominacini L. Nebivolol decreases oxidative stress in essential hypertensive patients and increases nitric oxide by reducing its oxidative inactivation. J Hypertens 2005;23:589–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams B, Lacy PS, Thom SM, Cruickshank K, Stanton A, Collier D, Hughes AD, Thurston H, O’Rourke M; CAFE Investigators; Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial Investigators; CAFE Steering Committee and Writing Committee. Differential impact of blood pressure-lowering drugs on central aortic pressure and clinical outcomes: principal results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) study. Circulation 2006;113:1213–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touyz RM, Savoia C, He Y, Endemann D, Pu Q, Ko EA, Deciuceis C, Montezano A, Schiffrin EL. Increased inflammatory biomarkers in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients: improvement after angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade. J Am Soc Hypertens 2007;1:189–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heitzer T, Schlinzig T, Krohn K, Meinertz T, Münzel T. Endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 2001;104:2673–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russo C, Olivieri O, Girelli D, Faccini G, Zenari ML, Lombardi S, Corrocher R. Anti-oxidant status and lipid peroxidation in patients with essential hypertension. J Hypertens 1998;16:1267–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kampus P, Muda P, Kals J, Ristimäe T, Fischer K, Teesalu R, Zilmer M. The relationship between inflammation and arterial stiffness in patients with essential hypertension. Int J Cardiol 2006;112:46–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cominacini L, Fratta Pasini A, Garbin U, Nava C, Davoli A, Criscuoli M, Crea A, Sawamura T, Lo Cascio V. Nebivolol and its 4-keto derivative increase nitric oxide in endothelial cells by reducing its oxidative inactivation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:1838–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vita JA, Keaney JF Jr, Larson MG, Keyes MJ, Massaro JM, Lipinska I, Lehman BT, Fan S, Osypiuk E, Wilson PW, Vasan RS, Mitchell GF, Benjamin EJ. Brachial artery vasodilator function and systemic inflammation in the Framingham Offspring Study. Circulation 2004;110:3604–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patrono C, FitzGerald GA. Isoprostanes: potential markers of oxidant stress in atherothrombotic disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997;17:2309–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg D, Parthasarathy S, Carew TE, Khoo JC, Witztum JL. Beyond cholesterol. Modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity. N Engl J Med 1989;320:915–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehara S, Ueda M, Naruko T, Haze K, Itoh A, Otsuka M, Komatsu R, Matsuo T, Itabe H, Takano T, Tsukamoto Y, Yoshiyama M, Takeuchi K, Yoshikawa J, Becker AE. Elevated levels of oxidized low density lipoprotein show a positive relationship with the severity of acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2001;103:1955–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kampus P, Kals J, Ristimäe T, Muda P, Ulst K, Zilmer K, Salonen RM, Tuomainen TP, Teesalu R, Zilmer M. Augmentation index and carotid intima-media thickness are differently related to age, C-reactive protein and oxidized low-density lipoprotein. J Hypertens 2007;25:819–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore K, Roberts LJ 2nd. Measurement of lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Res 1998;28:659–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kampus P, Serg M, Kals J, Zagura M, Zilmer M, Muda P, Karu K, Eha J. Differential effects of nebivolol and metoprolol on central aortic pressure and left ventricular wall thickness. Hypertension 2011;57:1122–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEniery CM, Schmitt M, Qasem A, Webb DJ, Avolio AP, Wilkinson IB, Cockcroft JR. Nebivolol increases arterial distensibility in vivo. Hypertension 2004;44:305–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tzemos N, Lim PO, MacDonald TM. Nebivolol reverses endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Circulation 2001; 104:511–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mäki-Petäjä KM, Booth AD, Hall FC, Wallace SM, Brown J, McEniery CM, Wilkinson IB. Ezetimibe and simvastatin reduce inflammation, disease activity, and aortic stiffness and improve endothelial function in rheumatoid arthritis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:852–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kals J, Kampus P, Kals M, Pulges A, Teesalu R, Zilmer K, Kullisaar T, Salum T, Eha J, Zilmer M. Inflammation and oxidative stress are associated differently with endothelial function and arterial stiffness in healthy subjects and in patients with atherosclerosis. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2008;68:594–601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Celik T, Iyisoy A, Kursaklioglu H, Kardesoglu E, Kilic S, Turhan H, Yilmaz MI, Ozcan O, Yaman H, Isik E, Fici F. Comparative effects of nebivolol and metoprolol on oxidative stress, insulin resistance, plasma adiponectin and soluble P-selectin levels in hypertensive patients. J Hypertens 2006; 24:591–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taddei S, Virdis A, Ghiadoni L, Magagna A, Salvetti A. Vitamin C improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation by restoring nitric oxide activity in essential hypertension. Circulation 1998;97:2222–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ono H, Minatoguchi S, Watanabe K, Yamada Y, Mizukusa T, Kawasaki H, Takahashi H, Uno T, Tsukamoto T, Hiei K, Fujiwara H. Candesartan decreases carotid intima-media thickness by enhancing nitric oxide and decreasing oxidative stress in patients with hypertension. Hypertens Res 2008;31:271–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sáez GT, Tormos C, Giner V, Chaves J, Lozano JV, Iradi A, Redón J. Factors related to the impact of antihypertensive treatment in antioxidant activities and oxidative stress by-products in human hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2004;17:809–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA); Guidance on the scientific requirements for health claims related to antioxidants, oxidative damage and cardiovascular health. EFSA Journal 2011;9:2474.
   Google Scholar
• Morrow JD. Quantification of isoprostanes as indices of oxidant stress and the risk of atherosclerosis in humans. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005;25:279–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Napoli C, Bruzzese G, Ignarro LJ, Crimi E, de Nigris F, Williams-Ignarro S, Libardi S, Sommese L, Fiorito C, Mancini FP, Cacciatore F, Liguori A. Long-term treatment with sulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition reduces carotid intima-media thickening and improves the nitric oxide/oxidative stress pathways in newly diagnosed patients with mild to moderate primary hypertension. Am Heart J 2008;156:1154.e1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjogren P, Basu S, Rosell M, Silveira A, de Faire U, Vessby B, Hamsten A, Hellenius ML, Fisher RM. Measures of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and oxidative stress are not related and not elevated in otherwise healthy men with the metabolic syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25:2580–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez-Martin FJ, Rodriguez-Rosas H, Peiro-Martinez I, Soriano-Perera P, Pedrianes-Martin P, Comi-Diaz C. Olmesartan/amlodipine vs olmesartan/hydrochlorothiazide in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome: the OLAS study. J Hum Hypertens 2011;25:346–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derosa G, Maffioli P, Salvadeo SA, Ferrari I, Gravina A, Mereu R, Palumbo I, D’Angelo A, Cicero AF. Candesartan effect on inflammation in hypertension. Hypertens Res 2010;33:209–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evangelista S, Garbin U, Pasini AF, Stranieri C, Boccioletti V, Cominacini L. Effect of DL-nebivolol, its enantiomers and metabolites on the intracellular production of superoxide and nitric oxide in human endothelial cells. Pharmacol Res 2007;55:303–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandavar R, Higashi Y, Chen W, Blackstock C, Vaughn C, Sukhanov S, Sander GE, Roffidal LE, Delafontaine P, Giles TD. The effect of nebivolol versus metoprolol succinate extended release on asymmetric dimethylarginine in hypertension. J Am Soc Hypertens 2011;5:161–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson TA, Mensah GA, Alexander RW, Anderson JL, Cannon RO 3rd, Criqui M, Fadl YY, Fortmann SP, Hong Y, Myers GL, Rifai N, Smith SC Jr, Taubert K, Tracy RP, Vinicor F; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; American Heart Association. Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association. Circulation 2003;107: 499–511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cottone S, Mulè G, Nardi E, Vadalà A, Lorito MC, Guarneri M, Arsena R, Palermo A, Cerasola G. C-reactive protein and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 are stronger predictors of oxidant stress than blood pressure in established hypertension. J Hypertens 2007;25:423–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou MS, Schulman IH, Jaimes EA, Raij L. Thiazide diuretics, endothelial function, and vascular oxidative stress. J Hypertens 2008;26:494–500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar