No association between high-density lipoprotein levels and ventricular repolarization indexes in subjects with primary hypercholesterolemia

References

• Lopshire JC, Zipes DP. Sudden cardiac death: better understanding of risks, mechanisms, and treatment. Circulation 2006;114:1134–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Estes NA 3rd. Predicting and preventing sudden cardiac death. Circulation 2011;124:651–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubart M, Zipes DP. Mechanisms of sudden cardiac death. J Clin Invest 2005;115:2305–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arzamendi D, Benito B, Tizon-Marcos H, Flores J, Tanguay JF, Ly H, Doucet S, Leduc L, Leung TK, Campuzano O, Iglesias A, Talajic M, Brugada R. Increase in sudden death from coronary artery disease in young adults. Am Heart J 2011;161:574–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahimi K, Majoni W, Merhi A, Emberson J. Effect of statins on ventricular tachyarrhythmia, cardiac arrest, and sudden cardiac death: a meta-analysis of published and unpublished evidence from randomized trials. Eur Heart J 2012;33:1571–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buber J, Goldenberg I, Moss AJ, Wang PJ, McNitt S, Hall WJ, Eldar M, Barsheshet A, Shechter M. Reduction in life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias in statin-treated patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy enrolled in the MADIT-CRT (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy). J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:749–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kostapanos MS, Liberopoulos EN, Goudevenos JA, Mikhailidis DP, Elisaf MS. Do statins have an antiarrhythmic activity?. Cardiovasc Res 2007;75:10–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Den Ruijter HM, Franssen R, Verkerk AO, van Wijk DF, Vaessen SF, Holleboom AG, Levels JH, Opthof T, Sungnoon R, Stroes ES, Kuivenhoven JA, Coronel R. Reconstituted high-density lipoprotein shortens cardiac repolarization. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:40–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirchhof P, Fabritz L. High-density lipoprotein shortens the ventricular action potential. A novel explanation for how statins prevent sudden arrhythmic death?. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:45–7.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Post WS, Blasco-Colmenares E, Dalal D, Tomaselli GF, Guallar E. Electrocardiographic QT interval and mortality: a meta-analysis. Epidemiology 2011;22: 660–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Post WS, Dalal D, Blasco-Colmenares E, Tomaselli GF, Guallar E. QT-interval duration and mortality rate: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch Intern Med 2011;171:1727–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antzelevitch C. Role of spatial dispersion of repolarization in inherited and acquired sudden cardiac death syndromes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007;293:H2024–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta P, Patel C, Patel H, Narayanaswamy S, Malhotra B, Green JT, Yan GX. T(p-e)/QT ratio as an index of arrhythmogenesis. J Electrocardiol 2008;41:567–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kors JA, Ritsema van Eck HJ, van Herpen G. The meaning of the Tp-Te interval and its diagnostic value. J Electrocardiol 2008;41:575–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001;285:2486–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korantzopoulos P, Letsas KP, Christogiannis Z, Kalantzi K, Massis I, Milionis HJ, Pappas C, Goudevenos JA. Exercise-induced repolarization changes in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 2011;107:37–40.
   Google Scholar
• Letsas KP, Charalampous C, Korantzopoulos P, Tsikrikas S, Bramos D, Kollias G, Efremidis M, Sideris A. Novel indexes of heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization in subjects with early repolarization pattern. Europace 2012;14:877–81.
   Google Scholar
• Goldenberg I, Moss AJ, Zareba W. QT interval: how to measure it and what is “normal”. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2006;17:333–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roden DM. Long QT syndrome: reduced repolarization reserve and the genetic link. J Intern Med 2006;259: 59–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antzelevitch C, Sicouri S, Di Diego JM, Burashnikov A, Viskin S, Shimizu W, Yan GX, Kowey P, Zhang L. Does Tpeak-Tend provide an index of transmural dispersion of repolarization?. Heart Rhythm 2007;4:1114–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi M, Shimizu M, Ino H, Terai H, Uchiyama K, Oe K, Mabuchi T, Konno T, Kaneda T, Mabuchi H. T wave peak-to-end interval and QT dispersion in acquired long QT syndrome: a new index for arrhythmogenicity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2003;105:671–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubinski A, Lewicka-Nowak E, Kempa M, Baczynska AM, Romanowska I, Swiatecka G. New insight into repolarization abnormalities in patients with congenital long QT syndrome: the increased transmural dispersion of repolarization. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1998;21:172–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topilski I, Rogowski O, Rosso R, Justo D, Copperman Y, Glikson M, Belhassen B, Hochenberg M, Viskin S. The morphology of the QT interval predicts torsade de pointes during acquired bradyarrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49: 320–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watanabe N, Kobayashi Y, Tanno K, Miyoshi F, Asano T, Kawamura M, Mikami Y, Adachi T, Ryu S, Miyata A, Katagiri T. Transmural dispersion of repolarization and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. J Electrocardiol 2004;37: 191–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro Hevia J, Antzelevitch C, Tornés Bárzaga F, Dorantes Sánchez M, Dorticós Balea F, Zayas Molina R, Quiñones Pérez MA, Fayad Rodríguez Y. Tpeak-Tend and Tpeak-Tend dispersion as risk factors for ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation in patients with the Brugada syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:1828–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haarmark C, Hansen PR, Vedel-Larsen E, Pedersen SH, Graff C, Andersen MP, Toft E, Wang F, Struijk JJ, Kanters JK. The prognostic value of the Tpeak-Tend interval in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Electrocardiol 2009;42:555–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimizu M, Ino H, Okeie K, Yamaguchi M, Nagata M, Hayashi K, Itoh H, Iwaki T, Oe K, Konno T, Mabuchi H. T-peak to T-end interval may be a better predictor of high-risk patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with a cardiac troponin I mutation than QT dispersion. Clin Cardiol 2002;25:335–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letsas KP, Weber R, Astheimer K, Kalusche D, Arentz T. Tpeak-Tend interval and Tpeak-Tend/QT ratio as markers of ventricular tachycardia inducibility in subjects with Brugada ECG phenotype. Europace 2010;12:271–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Panikkath R, Reinier K, Uy-Evanado A, Teodorescu C, Hattenhauer J, Mariani R, Gunson K, Jui J, Chugh SS. Prolonged Tpeak-to-tend interval on the resting ECG is associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2011;4:441–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erikssen G, Liestøl K, Gullestad L, Haugaa KH, Bendz B, Amlie JP. The terminal part of the QT interval (T peak to T end): a predictor of mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2012;17:85–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilicaslan F, Tokatli A, Ozdag F, Uzun M, Uz O, Isilak Z, Yiginer O, Yalcin M, Guney MS, Cebeci BS. Tp-e Interval, Tp-e/QT Ratio, and Tp-e/QTc ratio are prolonged in patients with moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2012;35:966–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gemma LW, Ward GM, Dettmer MM, Ball JL, Leo PJ, Doria DN, Kaufman ES. β-blockers protect against dispersion of repolarization during exercise in congenital long-QT syndrome type 1. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2011;22:1141–6.
   Google Scholar
• Karim Talib A, Sato N, Sakamoto N, Tanabe Y, Takeuchi T, Saijo Y, Kawamura Y, Hasebe N. Enhanced transmural dispersion of repolarization in patients with J wave syndromes. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2012; 23:1109–14.
   Google Scholar
• Marjamaa A, Oikarinen L, Porthan K, Ripatti S, Peloso G, Noseworthy PA, Viitasalo M, Nieminen MS, Toivonen L, Kontula K, Peltonen L, Havulinna AS, Jula A, O’Donnell CJ, Newton-Cheh C, Perola M, Salomaa V. A common variant near the KCNJ2 gene is associated with T-peak to T-end interval. Heart Rhythm 2012;9:1099–103.
   Google Scholar
• Rautaharju PM. A farewell to QT dispersion. Are the alternatives any better?. J Electrocardiol 2005;38:7–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szabó Z, Harangi M, Lörincz I, Seres I, Katona E, Karányi Z, Paragh G. Effect of hyperlipidemia on QT dispersion in patients without ischemic heart disease. Can J Cardiol 2005;21:847–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tekin A, Tekin G, Sezgin AT, Müderrisoğlu H. Short- and long-term effect of simvastatin therapy on the heterogeneity of cardiac repolarization in diabetic patients. Pharmacol Res 2008;57:393–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu YB, Wu CC, Lu LS, Su MJ, Lin CW, Lin SF, Chen LS, Fishbein MC, Chen PS, Lee YT. Sympathetic nerve sprouting, electrical remodeling, and increased vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Circ Res 2003;92:1145–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar