Shedded cell membrane proteins in plasma: Pure waste, or informative biomarkers of pathophysiological processes?

References

• Abuyaman O, Nexö E. The soluble transcobalamin receptor (sCD320) is present in cerebrospinal fluid and correlates to dementia related biomarkers; tau proteins and amyloid-beta. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2015;75:514–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breimer LH, Nilsson TK. Has folate a role in the developing nervous system after birth and not just during embryogenesis and gestation? Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2012;72:185–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y, Pastan I. High shed antigen levels within tumors: an additional barrier to Immunoconjugate therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14:7981–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todeschini P, Cocco E, Bellone S, Varughese J, Lin K, Carrara L, Guzzo F, Buza N, Hui P, Silasi DA, Ratner E, Azodi M, Schwartz PE, Rutherford TJ, Pecorelli S, Santin AD. Her2/neu extracellular domain shedding in uterine serous carcinoma: implications for immunotherapy with trastuzumab. Br J Cancer 2011;105:1176–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fornier MN, Seidman AD, Schwartz MK, Ghani F, Thiel R, Norton L, Hudis C. Serum HER2 extracellular domain in metastatic breast cancer patients treated with weekly trastuzumab and paclitaxel: association with HER2 status by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization and with response rate. Ann Oncol 2005;16:234–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lennon S, Barton C, Banken L, Gianni L, Marty M, Baselga J, Leyland-Jones B. Utility of serum HER2 extracellular domain assessment in clinical decision making: pooled analysis of four trials of trastuzumab in metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:1685–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leary AF, Hanna WM, van de Vijver MJ, Penault-Llorca F, Ruschoff J, Osamura RY, Bilous M, Dowsett M. Value and limitations of measuring HER-2 extracellular domain in the serum of breast cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2009;27: 1694–705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang J, Lemaire, H-G, Unterbeck A, Salbaum JM, Masters CL, Grzeschik K-H, Multhaup G, Beyreuther K, Muller-Hill B. Nature 19878;325:733–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyrks T, Weidemann A, Multhaup G, Salbaum JM, Lemaire HG, Kang J, Müller-Hill B, Masters CL, Beyreuther K. Identification, transmembrane orientation and biogenesis of the amyloid A4 precursor of Alzheimer's disease. EMBO J 1988;7:949–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy J, Guerreiro R. A new way APP mismetabolism can lead to Alzheimer's disease. EMBO Mol Med 2011;3:247–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Citron M, Oltersdorf T, Haass C, McConlogue L, Hung AY, Seubert P, Vigo-Pelfrey C, Lieberburg I, Selkoe DJ. Mutation of the beta-amyloid precursor protein in familial Alzheimer's disease increases beta-protein production. Nature 1992;360:672–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou L, Brouwers N, Benilova I, Vandersteen A, Mercken M, Van Laere K, Van Damme P, Demedts D, Van Leuven F, Sleegers K, Broersen K, Van Broeckhoven C, Vandenberghe R, De Strooper B. Amyloid precursor protein mutation E682K at the alternative β-secretase cleavage β′-site increases Aβ generation. EMBO Mol Med 2011;3:291–302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alzheimer A. Allg. Z. Psychiat. Uber eine eigenartige Erkrankung der Hirnrinde.(About a peculiar disease of the cerebral cortex)1907;64:146–8.
   Google Scholar
• Breimer LH, Denny P. Alzheimer amyloid aspects. Nature 1987;326:749–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Citron M, Haass C, Selkoe DJ. Production of amyloid-β-peptide by cultured cells: no evidence for internal initiation of translation at Met596. Neurobiol Aging 1993;14:571–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esmon CT. The endothelial protein C receptor. Curr Opin Hematol 2006;13:382–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng X, Li W, Gu JM, Qu D, Ferrell GL, Esmon NL, Esmon CT. Effects of membrane and soluble EPCR on the hemostatic balance and endotoxemia in mice. Blood 2007;109:1003–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansson JH, Boman K, Brännström M, Nilsson TK. Increased levels of plasma thrombomodulin are associated with vascular and all-cause mortality in patients on long-term anticoagulant treatment. Eur Heart J 1996;17: 1503–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansson JH, Boman K, Brännström M, Nilsson TK. High concentration of thrombomodulin in plasma is associated with haemorrhage: a prospective study in patients receiving long-term anticoagulant treatment. Circulation 1997;96: 2938–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lind M, Boman K, Johansson L, Nilsson TK, Öhlin AK, Slunga L, Jansson JH. Thrombomodulin as a marker for bleeding complications during warfarin treatment. Arch Intern Med 2009;169:1210–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henriksson AE, Nilsson TK, Bergqvist D. Thrombomodulin and acute bleeding duodenal ulcer. J Intern Med 1999;246: 421–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson TK, Hellsten G, Amiral J. Plasma thrombomodulin concentrations in relation to cardiovascular risk factors in a population sample. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 1993;4: 455–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rånby M, Sundell IB, Nilsson TK. Blood collection in strong acidic citrate anticoagulant used in a study of dietary influence on basal tPA activity. Thromb Haemost 1989;62:917–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson TK, Boman K, Jansson JH, Thøgersen AM, Berggren M, Broberg A, Granlund A. Comparison of soluble thrombomodulin, von Willebrand factor, tPA/PAI-1 complex, and high-sensitivity CRP concentrations in serum, EDTA plasma, citrated plasma, and acidified citrated plasma (Stabilyte™) stored at − 70°C for 8–11 years. Thromb Res 2005;116:249–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz LA Jr, Bardelli A. Liquid biopsies: genotyping circulating tumor DNA. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:579–86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heitzer E, Ulz P, Geigl JB. Circulating tumor DNA as a liquid biopsy for cancer. Clin Chem 2015;61:112–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norton ME, Jacobsson B, Swamy GK, Laurent LC, Ranzini AC, Brar H, Tomlinson MW, Pereira L, Spitz JL, Hollemon D, Cuckle H, Musci TJ, Wapner RJ. Cell-free DNA analysis for noninvasive examination of trisomy. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1589–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar