157
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Adjuvant imatinib for gastrointestinal stromal tumors: the current situation and problems

, , , &
Pages 645-651 | Received 08 Aug 2010, Accepted 08 Dec 2010, Published online: 28 Jan 2011

References

  • Goettsch WG, Bos SD, Breekveldt-Postma N, Casparie M, Herings RM, Hogendoorn PC. Incidence of gastrointestinal stromal tumours is underestimated: results of a nation-wide study. Eur J Cancer 2005;46:2868–72.
  • Perez EA, Livingstone AS, Franceschi D, Rocha-Lima C, Lee DJ, Hodgson N, Current incidence and outcomes of gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors including gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Am Coll Surg 2006;202:623–9.
  • Nilsson B, Bumming P, Meis-Kindblom JM, Oden A, Dortok A, Gustavsson B, Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: the incidence, prevalence, clinical course, and prognostication in the preimatinib mesylate era – a population-based study in western Sweden. Cancer 2005;103:821–9.
  • Casali PG, Jost L, Reichardt P, Schlemmer M, Blay JY. Gastrointestinal stromal tumours: ESMO clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2009;20(Suppl 4):64–7.
  • Miettinen M, Lasota J. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors – definition, clinical, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic features and differential diagnosis. Virchows Arch 2001;438:1–12.
  • Corless CL, Heinrich MC. Molecular pathobiology of gastrointestinal stromal sarcomas. Annu Rev Pathol 2008;3:557–86.
  • Sihto H, Franssila K, Tanner M, Vasama-Nolvi C, Sarlomo-Rikala M, Nupponen NN, Platelet-derived growth factor receptor family mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Scand J Gastroenterol 2006;41:805–11.
  • Tsikrikas S, Manolakopoulos S, Deutsch M, Alexakis G, Sialevris K, Giannopoulos D, Unusual combination of paraneoplastic manifestations in a patient with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Scand J Gastroenterol 2008;43:1012–15.
  • Zheng S, Pan YL, Tao DY, Wang JL, Huang KE. Secondary C-kit mutation is a cause of acquired resistance to imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Scand J Gastroenterol 2009;44:760–3.
  • Singer S, Rubin BP, Lux ML, Chen CJ, Demetri GD, Fletcher CD, Prognostic value of KIT mutation type, mitotic activity, and histologic subtype in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:3898–905.
  • Heinrich MC, Corless CL, Duensing A, McGreevey L, Chen CJ, Joseph N, PDGFRA activating mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Science 2003;299:708–10.
  • Demetri GD, Benjamin RS, Blanke CD, Blay JY, Casali P, Choi H, NCCN Task Force report: management of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) – update of the NCCN clinical practice guidelines. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2007;5(Suppl 2):S1–29; quiz S30.
  • Dong C, Jun-Hui C, Xiao-Jun Y, Mei K, Bo W, Chen-Fe J, Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the rectum: clinical, pathologic, immunohistochemical characteristics and prognostic analysis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2007;42:1221–9.
  • DeMatteo RP, Lewis JJ, Leung D, Mudan SS, Woodruff JM, Brennan MF. Two hundred gastrointestinal stromal tumors: recurrence patterns and prognostic factors for survival. Ann Surg 2000;231(1):51–8.
  • Blay JY, Bonvalot S, Casali P, Choi H, Debiec-Richter M, Dei Tos AP, Consensus meeting for the management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Report of the GIST Consensus Conference of 20–21 March 2004, under the auspices of ESMO. Ann Oncol 2005;16:566–78.
  • Heinrich MC, Corless CL. Gastric GI stromal tumors (GISTs): the role of surgery in the era of targeted therapy. J Surg Oncol 2005;90:195–207; discussion.
  • Pidhorecky I, Cheney RT, Kraybill WG, Gibbs JF. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: current diagnosis, biologic behavior, and management. Ann Surg Oncol 2000;7:705–12.
  • Luedde T, Tacke F, Chavan A, Langer F, Klempnauer J, Manns MP. Yersinia infection mimicking recurrence of gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Scand J Gastroenterol 2004;39:609–12.
  • Ng EH, Pollock RE, Munsell MF, Atkinson EN, Romsdahl MM. Prognostic factors influencing survival in gastrointestinal leiomyosarcomas. Implications for surgical management and staging. Ann Surg 1992;215:68–77.
  • Rossi CR, Mocellin S, Mencarelli R, Foletto M, Pilati P, Nitti D, Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: from a surgical to a molecular approach. Int J Cancer 2003;107:171–6.
  • Pierie JP, Choudry U, Muzikansky A, Yeap BY, Souba WW, Ott MJ. The effect of surgery and grade on outcome of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Arch Surg 2001;136:383–9.
  • Fletcher CD, Berman JJ, Corless C, Gorstein F, Lasota J, Longley BJ, Diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a consensus approach. Hum Pathol 2002;33:459–65.
  • Miettinen M, Sobin LH, Lasota J. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic study of 1765 cases with long-term follow-up. Am J Surg Pathol 2005;29:52–68.
  • Ernst SI, Hubbs AE, Przygodzki RM, Emory TS, Sobin LH, O'Leary TJ. KIT mutation portends poor prognosis in gastrointestinal stromal/smooth muscle tumors. Lab Invest 1998;78:1633–6.
  • Joensuu H. Risk stratification of patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Hum Pathol 2008;39:1411–19.
  • Andersson J, Bumming P, Meis-Kindblom JM, Sihto H, Nupponen N, Joensuu H, Gastrointestinal stromal tumors with KIT exon 11 deletions are associated with poor prognosis. Gastroenterology 2006;130:1573–81.
  • Dirnhofer S, Leyvraz S. Current standards and progress in understanding and treatment of GIST. Swiss Med Wkly 2009;139:90–102.
  • McGrath PC, Neifeld JP, Lawrence Jr W, Kay S, Horsley III JS, Parker GA. Gastrointestinal sarcomas. Analysis of prognostic factors. Ann Surg 1987;206:706–10.
  • Dougherty MJ, Compton C, Talbert M, Wood WC. Sarcomas of the gastrointestinal tract. Separation into favorable and unfavorable prognostic groups by mitotic count. Ann Surg 1991;214:569–74.
  • Demetri GD, von Mehren M, Blanke CD, Van den Abbeele AD, Eisenberg B, Roberts PJ, Efficacy and safety of imatinib mesylate in advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. N Engl J Med 2002;347:472–80.
  • Nishida T, Shirao K, Sawaki A, Koseki M, Okamura T, Ohtsu A, Efficacy and safety profile of imatinib mesylate (ST1571) in Japanese patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a phase II study (STI571B1202). Int J Clin Oncol 2008;13:244–51.
  • Ryu MH, Kang WK, Bang YJ, Lee KH, Shin DB, Ryoo BY, A prospective, multicenter, phase 2 study of imatinib mesylate in Korean patients with metastatic or unresectable gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Oncology 2009;76:326–32.
  • Judson I. Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST): biology and treatment. Ann Oncol 2002;13(Suppl 4):287–9.
  • Peng B, Lloyd P, Schran H. Clinical pharmacokinetics of imatinib. Clin Pharmacokinet 2005;44:879–94.
  • D'Amato G, Steinert DM, McAuliffe JC, Trent JC. Update on the biology and therapy of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Cancer Control 2005;12:44–56.
  • Demetri GD, Wang Y, Wehrle E, Racine A, Nikolova Z, Blanke CD, Imatinib plasma levels are correlated with clinical benefit in patients with unresectable/metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:3141–7.
  • Eisenberg BL, Harris J, Blanke CD, Demetri GD, Heinrich MC, Watson JC, Phase II trial of neoadjuvant/adjuvant imatinib mesylate (IM) for advanced primary and metastatic/recurrent operable gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST): early results of RTOG 0132/ACRIN 6665. J Surg Oncol 2009;99:42–7.
  • Cohen MH, Farrell A, Justice R, Pazdur R. Approval summary: imatinib mesylate in the treatment of metastatic and/or unresectable malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Oncologist 2009;14:174–80.
  • Blanke CD, Rankin C, Demetri GD, Ryan CW, von Mehren M, Benjamin RS, Phase III randomized, intergroup trial assessing imatinib mesylate at two dose levels in patients with unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors expressing the kit receptor tyrosine kinase: S0033. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:626–32.
  • Van Glabbeke M, Verweij J, Casali PG, Simes J, Le Cesne A, Reichardt P, Predicting toxicities for patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours treated with imatinib: a study of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, the Italian Sarcoma Group, and the Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group (EORTC-ISG-AGITG). Eur J Cancer 2006;42:2277–85.
  • Menon-Andersen D, Mondick JT, Jayaraman B, Thompson PA, Blaney SM, Bernstein M, Population pharmacokinetics of imatinib mesylate and its metabolite in children and young adults. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2009;63:229–38.
  • Eisenberg BL, Harris J, Blanke CD, Demetri GD, Heinrich MC, Watson JC, Phase II trial of neoadjuvant/adjuvant imatinib mesylate (IM) for advanced primary and metastatic/recurrent operable gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST): early results of RTOG 0132/ACRIN 6665. J Surg Oncol 2009;99:42–7.
  • DeMatteo RP, Antonescu CR, Chadaram V, Demetri GD. Adjuvant imatinib mesylate in patients with primary high risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). 38th Annual Meeting of the ASCO. Orlando, FL, 2002. J Clin Oncol 2002(Suppl): abstract 1610.
  • Nilsson B, Sjolund K, Kindblom LG, Meis-Kindblom JM, Bumming P, Nilsson O, Adjuvant imatinib treatment improves recurrence-free survival in patients with high-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST). Br J Cancer 2007;96:1656–8.
  • Zhan WH, Wang PZ, Shao YF, Wu XT, Gu J, Li R, Efficacy and safety of adjuvant post-surgical therapy with imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients with high risk of recurrence: interim analysis from a multicenter prospective clinical trial. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2006;9:383–7.
  • Dematteo RP, Ballman KV, Antonescu CR, Maki RG, Pisters PW, Demetri GD, Adjuvant imatinib mesylate after resection of localised, primary gastrointestinal stromal tumour: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2009;373:1097–104.
  • Blanke CD, Demetri GD, von Mehren M, Heinrich MC, Eisenberg B, Fletcher JA, Long-term results from a randomized phase II trial of standard- versus higher-dose imatinib mesylate for patients with unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors expressing KIT. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:620–5.
  • Verweij J, Casali PG, Zalcberg J, LeCesne A, Reichardt P, Blay JY, Progression-free survival in gastrointestinal stromal tumours with high-dose imatinib: randomised trial. Lancet 2004;364:1127–34.
  • Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Meta-Analysis Group (MetaGIST). Comparison of two doses of imatinib for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a meta-analysis of 1,640 patients. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:1247–53.
  • Debiec-Rychter M, Sciot R, Le Cesne A, Schlemmer M, Hohenberger P, van Oosterom AT, KIT mutations and dose selection for imatinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Eur J Cancer 2006;42:1093–103.
  • Heinrich MC, Owzar K, Corless CL, Hollis D, Borden EC, Fletcher CD, Correlation of kinase genotype and clinical outcome in the North American Intergroup Phase III Trial of imatinib mesylate for treatment of advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor: CALGB 150105 Study by Cancer and Leukemia Group B and Southwest Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:5360–7.
  • Corless CL, Fletcher JA, Heinrich MC. Biology of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:3813–25.
  • Blay JY, Le Cesne A, Ray-Coquard I, Bui B, Duffaud F, Delbaldo C, Prospective multicentric randomized phase III study of imatinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors comparing interruption versus continuation of treatment beyond 1 year: the French Sarcoma Group. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:1107–13.
  • Le Cesne A, Ray-Coquard I, Bui B, Blay JY. Continuous versus interruption of imatinib (IM) in responding patients with advanced GIST after three years of treatment: a prospective randomized phase III trial of the French Sarcoma Group. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(18 Suppl):10005.
  • Rutkowski P, Nowecki Z, Nyckowski P, Dziewirski W, Grzesiakowska U, Nasierowska-Guttmejer A, Surgical treatment of patients with initially inoperable and/or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) during therapy with imatinib mesylate. J Surg Oncol 2006;93:304–11.
  • Casali PG, Jost L, Reichardt P, Schlemmer M, Blay JY. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: ESMO clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2008;19(Suppl 2):ii35–8.
  • Blay JY, Adenis A, Ray-Coquard I, Cassier PA, Le Cesne A. Is there a role for discontinuing imatinib in patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumour? Curr Opin Oncol 2009;21:360–6.
  • Wardelmann E, Merkelbach-Bruse S, Pauls K, Thomas N, Schildhaus HU, Heinicke T, Polyclonal evolution of multiple secondary KIT mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors under treatment with imatinib mesylate. Clin Cancer Res 2006;12:1743–9.
  • Shen L, Li J, Li J, Gong J, Wu A. Adjuvant post-surgery therapy with imatinib in intermediate or high-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) patients: interim analysis from a single center comparison study. ESMO. Ann Oncol 2008;19(Suppl 8):267.
  • Miettinen M, El-Rifai W, Sobin LH, Lasota J. Evaluation of malignancy and prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a review. Hum Pathol 2002;33:478–83.
  • Miettinen M, Lasota J. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: review on morphology, molecular pathology, prognosis, and differential diagnosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2006;130:1466–78.
  • Gold JS, Gonen M, Gutierrez A, Broto JM, Garcia-del-Muro X, Smyrk TC, Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for recurrence-free survival after complete surgical resection of localised primary gastrointestinal stromal tumour: a retrospective analysis. Lancet Oncol 2009;10:1045–52.
  • Martin J, Poveda A, Llombart-Bosch A, Ramos R, Lopez-Guerrero JA, Garcia del Muro J, Deletions affecting codons 557–558 of the c-KIT gene indicate a poor prognosis in patients with completely resected gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a study by the Spanish Group for Sarcoma Research (GEIS). J Clin Oncol 2005;23:6190–8.
  • Emile JF, Theou N, Tabone S, Cortez A, Terrier P, Chaumette MT, Clinicopathologic, phenotypic, and genotypic characteristics of gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;2:597–605.
  • Aparicio T, Boige V, Sabourin JC, Crenn P, Ducreux M, Le Cesne A, Prognostic factors after surgery of primary resectable gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Eur J Surg Oncol 2004;30:1098–103.
  • Miettinen M, Lasota J. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: pathology and prognosis at different sites. Semin Diagn Pathol 2006;23:70–83.
  • Lasota J, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Sobin LH, Miettinen M. A great majority of GISTs with PDGFRA mutations represent gastric tumors of low or no malignant potential. Lab Invest 2004;84:874–83.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.