Cystic pancreatic lesions: Current evidence for diagnosis and treatment

References

• DiMagno EP. The pancreatic cyst incidentaloma: management consensus? Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;5:797–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Megibow AJ, Lombardo FP, Guarise A, Carbognin G, Scholes J, Rofsky NM, Cystic pancreatic masses: cross-sectional imaging observations and serial follow-up. Abdom Imaging 2001;26:640–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spinelli KS, Fromwiller TE, Daniel RA, Kiely JM, Nakeeb A, Komorowski RA, Cystic pancreatic neoplasm. Observe or operate? Ann Surg 2004;239:651–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brugge WR. Evaluation of pancreatic cystic lesions. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;59:698–707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang J, Wang PJ, Yuan XD. Correlation between CT patterns and pathological classification of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Eur J Radiol 2010;73:96–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura W, Nagai H, Kuroda A, Muto T, Esaki Y. Analysis of small cystic lesions of the pancreas. Int J Pancreatol 1995;18:197–206.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Warshaw AL, Rutledge PL. Cystic tumors mistaken for pancreatic pseudocysts. Ann Surg 1987;205:393–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-del Castillo C, Warshaw AL. Cystic tumors of the pancreas. Surg Clin North Am 1995;75:1001–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Borgne J, de Calan L, Partensky C. Cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas of the pancreas: a multiinstitutional retrospective study of 398 cases. French Surgical Association. Ann Surg 1999;230:152–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loftus Jr EV, Olivares-Pakzad BA, Batts KP, Adkins MC, Stephens DH, Sarr MG, Intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas: clinicopathologic features, outcome, and nomenclature. Members of the Pancreas Clinic, and Pancreatic Surgeons of Mayo Clinic. Gastroenterology 1996;110:1909–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siech M, Tripp K, Schmidt-Rohlfing B, Mattfeldt T, Widmaier U, Gansauge F, Cystic tumours of the pancreas: diagnostic accuracy, pathologic observations and surgical consequences. Langenbecks Arch Surg 1998;383:56–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarr MG, Carpenter HA, Prabhakar LP, Ordhard TF, Hughes S, van Heerden JA, Clinical and pathologic correlation of 84 mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas: can one reliably differentiate benign from malignant (or premalignant) neoplasms? Ann Surg 2000;231:205–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warshaw AL, Compton CC, Lewandrowski K, Cardenosa G, Mueller PR. Cystic tumors of the pancreas. New clinical, radiologic, and pathologic observations in 51 patients. Ann Surg 1990;212:432–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitagawa Y, Unger TA, Taylor S, Kozarek RA, Traverso LW. Mucus is a predictor of better prognosis and survival in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas. J Gastrointest Surg 2003;7:12–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugiyama M, Izumisato Y, Abe N, Masaki T, Mori T, Atomi Y. Predictive factors for malignancy in intraductal papillary mucinous tumours of the pancreas. Br J Surg 2003;90:1244–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarr MG, Kendrick ML, Nagorney DM, Thompson GB, Farley DR, Farnell MB. Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. Benign to malignant epithelial neoplasms. Surg Clin North Am 2001;81:497–509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang DW, Jang JY, Lee SE, Lim CS, Lee KU, Kim SW. Clinicopathologic analysis of surgically proven intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas in SNUH: a 15-year experience at a single academic institution. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2010; Epub ahead of print.
   Google Scholar
• Salvia R, Fernández-del Castillo C, Bassi C, Thayer SP, Falconi M, Mantovani W, Main-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas: clinical predictors of malignancy and long-term survival following resection. Ann Surg 2004;239:678–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Calan L, Levard H, Hennet H, Fingerhut A. Pancreatic cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma: diagnostic value of preoperative morphological investigations. Eur J Surg 1995;161:35–40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Belsley NA, Pitman MB, Lauwers GY, Brugge WR, Deshphande V. Serous cystadenoma of the pancreas: limitation and pitfalls of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Cancer 2008;114:102–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colonna J, Plaza JA, Frankel WL, Yearsley M, Bloomston M, Marsh WL. Serous cystadenoma of the pancreas: clinical and pathological features in 33 patients. Pancreatology 2008;8:135–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukukura Y, Fujiyoshi F, Sasaki M, Inoue H, Yonezawa S, Nakajo M. Intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas: thin-section helical CT findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;174:441–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahani DV, Kadavigere R, Saokar A, Fernández-del Castillo C, Brugge W, Hahn P. Cystic pancreatic lesions: a simple imaging-based classification system for guiding management. Radiographics 2005;25:1471–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen-Scali F, Vilgrain V, Brancatelli G, Hammel P, Vullierme MP, Sauvanet A, Discrimination of unilocular serous cystadenoma from pancreatic pseudocyst and mucinous cystadenoma. Radiology 2003;228:727–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-del Castillo C, Warshaw AL. Cystic neoplasm of the pancreas. Pancreatology 2001;1:641–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Onofrio M, Zamboni G, Faccioli N, Capelli P, Pozzi Mucelli R. Ultrasonography of the pancreas. 4. Contrast-enhanced imaging. Abdom Imaging 2007;32:171–81.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sarr MG, Murr M, Smyrk TC, Yeo CJ, Fernandez-del-Castillo C, Hawes RH, Primary cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. Neoplastic disorders of emerging importance-current state-of-the-art and unanswered questions. J Gastrointest Surg 2003;7:417–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curry CA, Eng J, Horton KM, Urban B, Siegelman S, Kuszyk BS, CT of primary cystic pancreatic neoplasms: can CT be used for patient triage and treatment? Am J Roentgenol 2000;175:99–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fugazzola C, Procacci C, Bergamo Andreis IA, Iacono C, Portuese A, Dompieri P, Cystic tumors of the pancreas: evaluation by ultrasonography and computed tomography. Gastrointest Radiol 1991;16:53–61.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Minami M, Itai Y, Ohtomo K, Yoshida H, Yoshikawa K, Iio M. Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas: comparison of MR imaging with CR. Radiology 1989;171:53–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balci NC, Semelka RC. Radiologic features of cystic, endocrine and other pancreatic neoplasms. Eur J Radiol 2001;2:113–19.
   Google Scholar
• Tanaka M, Chari S, Adsay V, Fernández-del Castillo C, Falconi M, Shimizu M, International consensus guidelines for management of intraductal mucinous neoplasms and mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. International Association of Pancreatology. Pancreatology 2006;6:17–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott J, Martin I, Redhead D, Hammond P, Garden OJ. Mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas: imaging features and diagnostic difficulties. Clin Radiol 2000;55:187–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Visser BC, Yeh BM, Qayyum A, Way LW, McCulloch CE, Coakley FV. Characterization of cystic pancreatic masses: relative accuracy of CT and MRI. Am J Roentgenol 2007;189:648–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrone MC, Arcidiacono PG. Role of endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis of cystic tumours of the pancreas. Dig Liver Dis 2008;40:847–53.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rivera JA, Fernández-del Castillo C, Pins M, Compton CC, Lewandrowski KB, Rattner DW, Pancreatic mucinous ductal ectasia and intraductal papillary neoplasms. A single malignant clinicopathologic entity. Ann Surg 1997;225:637–44; discussion 644–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahani DV, Kadavigere R, Saokar A, Fernández-del Castillo C, Lauwers GY, Hahn PF. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of pancreas: multidetector row CT with 2D curved reformations – correlation with MRCP. Radiology 2006;238:560–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu D, Fei L, Björk-Werner J, Andersson R. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas: diagnosis and management. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; in press.
   Google Scholar
• Grobmyer SR, Cance WG, Copeland EM, Vogel SB, Hochwald SN. Is there an indication for initial conservative management of pancreatic cystic lesions? J Surg Oncol 2009;100:372–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sperti C, Pasquali C, Guolo P, Polverosi R, Liessi G, Pedrazzoli S. Serum tumor markers and cyst fluid analysis are useful for the diagnosis of pancreatic cystic tumors. Cancer 1996;78:237–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Waaij LA, van Dullemen HM, Porte RJ. Cyst fluid analysis in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions: a pooled analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;62:383–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centeno BA, Lewandrowski KB, Warshaw AL, Compton CC, Southern JF. Cyst fluid cytologic analysis in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions. Am J Clin Pathol 1994;101:483–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weynand B, Deprez P. Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration in biliary and pancreatic diseases: pitfalls and performances. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2004;67:294–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Micames C, Jowell PS, White R, Paulson E, Nelson R, Morse M, Lower frequency of peritoneal carcinomatosis in patients with pancreatic cancer diagnosed by EUS-guided FNA vs. percutaneous FNA. Gastrointest Endosc 2003;58:690–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchins GR, Draganov PV. Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas: a diagnostic challenge. World J Gastroenterol 2009;15:48–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-del Castillo C, Targarona J, Thayer SP, Rattner DW, Brugge WR, Warshaw AL. Incidental pancreatic cysts: clinicopathologic characteristics and comparison with symptomatic patients. Arch Surg 2003;138:427–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brugge WR, Lewandrowski K, Lee-Lewandrowski E, Centeno BA, Szydlo T, Regan S, Diagnosis of pancreatic cystic neoplasms: a report of the cooperative pancreatic cyst study. Gastroenterology 2004;126:1330–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirono S, Tani M, Kawai M, Ina S, Nishioka R, Miyazawa M, Treatment strategy for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas based on malignant predictive factors. Arch Surg 2009;144:345–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bassi C, Salvia R, Gumbs AA, Butturini G, Falconi M, Pederzoli P. The value of standard serum tumor markers in differentiating mucinous from serous cystic tumors of the pancreas: CEA, Ca 19-9, Ca 125, Ca 15-3. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2002;387:281–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goh BKP, Tan YM, Thng CH, Cheow PC, Chung YFA, Chow PKH, How useful are clinical, biochemical, and cross-sectional imaging features in predicting potentially malignant or malignant cystic lesion of the pancreas? Results from a single institution experience with 220 surgically treated patients. J Am Coll Surg 2008;206:17–27.
   Google Scholar
• Inan N, Arslan A, Akansei G, Anik Y, Demirci A. Diffusion-weighted imaging in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions of the pancreas. Am J Roentgenol 2008;191:1115–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macari M, Finn ME, Bennett GL, Cho KC, Newman E, Hajdu CH, Differentiating pancreatic cystic neoplasms from pancreatic pseudocysts at MR imaging: value of perceived internal debris. Radiology 2009;251:77–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tseng JF, Warshaw AL, Sahani DV, Lauwers GY, Rattner DW, Fernández-del Castillo C. Serous cystadenoma of the pancreas: tumour growth and recommendations for treatment. Ann Surg 2005;242:413–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Haddad M, Raimondo M, Woodward T, Krishna M, Pungpapong S, Noh K, Safety and efficacy of cytology brushings versus standard FNA in evaluating cystic lesions of the pancreas: a pilot study. Gastrointest Endoscop 2007;65:894–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SY, Lee JM, Kim SH, Shin KS, Kim YJ, An SK, Macrocystic neoplasms of the pancreas: CT differentiation of serous oligocystic adenoma from mucinous cystadenoma and intraductal papillary mucinous tumor. Am J Roentgenol 2006;187:1192–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Recine M, Kaw M, Evans DB, Kririshnamurthy S. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of mucinous tumours of the pancreas. Cancer 2004;102:92–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Das A, Wells CD, Nguyen CC. Incidental cystic neoplasms of pancreas: What is the optimal interval of imaging surveillance? Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:1657–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taouli B, Vilgrain V, Vullierme MP, Terris B, Denys A, Sauvanet A, Intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas: helical CT with histopathologic correlation. Radiology 2000;217:757–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brugge WR. Management and outcomes of pancreatic cystic lesions. Dig Liver Dis 2008;40:854–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mathieu D, Guigui B, Valette PJ, Dao TH, Bruneton JN, Bruel JM, Pancreatic cystic neoplasms. Radiol Clin North Am 1989;27:163–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston FR, Myers RT. Etiologic factors and consequences of splenic vein obstruction. Ann Surg 1973;177:736–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glynn MJ. Isolated splenic vein thrombosis. Arch Surg 1986;121:723–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Terris B, Ponsot P, Paye F, Hammel P, Sauvanet A, Molas G, Intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas confined to secondary ducts show less aggressive pathologic features as compared with those involving the main pancreatic duct. Am J Surg Pathol 2000;24:1372–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez JR, Salvia R, Crippa S, Warshaw AL, Bassi C, Falconi M, Branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms: observations in 145 patients who underwent resection. Gastroenterology 2007;133:72–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardacre JM, McGee MF, Stellato TA, Schulak JA. An aggressive surgical approach is warranted in the management of cystic pancreatic neoplasms. Am J Surg 2007;193:374–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawamoto S, Lawler LP, Horton KM, Eng J, Hruban RH, Fishman EK. MDCT of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas: evaluation of features predictive of invasive carcinoma. Am J Roentgenol 2006;186:687–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi K, Ogawa Y, Chijiiwa K, Tanaka M. Mucin-hypersecreting tumors of the pancreas: assessing the grade of malignancy preoperatively. Am J Surg 1996;171:427–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitman MB, Michaels PJ, Deshpande V, Brugge WR, Bounds B. Cytological cyst fluid analysis of small (</=3 cm) branch duct intrapapillary mucinous neoplasms adds value to patient management decisions. Pancreatology 2008;8:277–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubo H, Chijiiwa Y, Akahoshi K, Hamada S, Harada N, Sumii T, Intraductal papillary-mucinous tumors of the pancreas: differential diagnosis between benign and malignant tumors by endoscopic ultrasonography. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:1429–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt CM, Yip-Schneider MT, Ralstin MC, Wentz S, DeWitt J, Sherman S, PGE(2) in pancreatic cyst fluid helps differentiate IPMN from MCN and predict IPMN dysplasia. J Gastrointest Surg 2008;12:243–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sai JK, Suyama M, Kubokawa Y, Watanabe S, Maehara T. Pancreatic-duct-lavage cytology in candidates for surgical resection of branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas: should the International Consensus Guidelines be revised? Gastrointest Endosc 2009;69:434–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michaels PJ, Brachtel EF, Bounds BC, Brugge WR, Pitman MB. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas: cytologic features predict histologic grade. Cancer 2006;108:163–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brounts LR, Lehmann RK, Causey MW, Sebesta JA, Brown TA. Natural course and outcome of cystic lesions in the pancreas. Am J Surg 2009;197:619–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tien YW, Hu RH, Hung JS, Wang HP, Lee PH. Noninvasive pancreatic cystic neoplasms can be safely and effectively treated by limited pancreatectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2007;15:193–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen PJ, D'Angelica M, Gonen M, Jaques DP, Coit DG, Jarnagin WR, A selective approach to the resection of cystic lesions of the pancreas: results from 539 consecutive patients. Ann Surg 2006;244:572–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee CJ, Scheiman J, Anderson MA, Hines OJ, Reber HA, Farrell J, Risk of malignancy in resected cystic tumors of the pancreas < or = 3 cm in size: is it safe to observe asymptomatic patients? A multi-institutional report. J Gastrointest Surg 2008;12:234–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez D, Rahman SH, Wong LF, Verbeke CS, Menon KV. Predictors of malignant potential of cystic lesions of the pancras. Eur J Surg Oncol 2008;34:876–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh MR, Vogt DP, Henderson M, Hirose K, Mason T, Bencsath K, Management of suspected pancreatic cystic neoplasms based on cyst size. Surgery 2008;144:677–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer WE, Hodges SE, Yagnik V, Morón FE, Wu M, Hilsenbeck SG, Accuracy of CT in predicting malignant potential of cystic pancreatic neoplasms. HPB 2008;10:483–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Onofrio M, Gallotti A, Salvia R, Capelli P, Pozzi Mucelli R. Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) ultrasound imaging of pancreatic cystic lesions. Eur J Radiol 2010; doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.06.015.
   Google Scholar
• Mansour JC, Schwartz L, Pandit-Taskar N, D'Angelica M, Fong Y, Larson SM, The utility of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose whole body PET imaging for determining malignancy in cystic lesions of the pancreas. J Gastrointest Surg 2006;10:1354–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sperti C, Pasquali C, Decet G, Chierichetti F, Liessi G, Pedrazzoli S. F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in differentiating malignant from benign pancreatic cysts: a prospective study. J Gastrointest Surg 2005;9:22–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tann M, Sandrasegaran K, Jennings SH, Skandarajah A, McHenry L, Schmidt CM. Positron-emission tomography and computed tomography of cystic pancreatic masses. Clin Radiol 2007;62:745–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalid A, Zahid M, Finkelstein SD, LeBland JK, Kaushik N, Ahmad N, Pancreatic cyst fluid DNA analysis in evaluating pancreatic cysts: a report of the PANDA study. Gastrointest Endosc 2009;69:1095–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawhney M, Devarajan S, O´Farrel P, Cury MS, Kunudu R, Vollmer CM, Comparison of carcinoembryonic antigen and molecular analysis in pancreatic cyst fluid. Gastrointest Endosc 2009;69:1106–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Gao J, Li Z, Gong Y, Man X. Diagnostic value of mucins (MUC 1, MUC2 and MUC5AC) expression profile in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration specimens of the pancreas. Int J Cancer 2007;121:2716–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haab BB, Porter A, Yue T, Li L, Scheiman J, Anderson MA, Glycosylation variants of mucins and CEACAMs as candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis of pancreatic cystic neoplasms. Ann Surg 2010;251:937–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kokawa A, Kondo H, Gotoda T, Ono H, Saito D, Nakadaira S, Increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human pancreatic neoplasms and potential for chemoprevention by cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Cancer 2001;91:333–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahani DV, Saokar A, Hahn P, Brugge WR, Fernandez-del Castillo C. Pancreatic cysts 3 cm or smaller: how aggressive should treatment be? Radiology 2006;238:912–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beger HB, Rau BM, Gansauge F, Schwarz M, Siech M, Poch B. Duodenum preserving total pancreatic head resection for cystic neoplasm – a limited but cancer preventive procedure. Arch Surg 2008;393:589–98.
   Google Scholar
• Büchler MW, Friess H, Müller MW, Wheatley AM, Beger HG. Randomized trial of duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection versus pylorus-preserving Whipple in chronic pancreatitis. Am J Surg 1995;169:65–9; discussion 69–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugiyama M, Atomi Y. Intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas: imaging studies and treatment strategies. Ann Surg 1998;228:685–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi K, Yokohata K, Noshiro H, Chijiiwa K, Tanaka M. Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas or intraductal papillary-mucinous tumour of the pancreas. Eur J Surg 2000;166:141–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sugiyama M, Atomi Y, Kuroda A. Two types of mucin-producing cystic tumors of the pancreas: diagnosis and treatment. Surgery 1997;122:617–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanno A, Satoh K, Hirota M, Hamada S, Umino J, Itoh H, Prediction of invasive carcinoma in branch type intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. J Gastroenterol 2010;45:952–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SY, Lee KT, Lee JK, Jeon YH, Choi D, Lim JH, Long-term follow up results of intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of pancreas. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;20:1379–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JC, Kim MH, Lee TY, Kim JY, Han JH, Park SJ, Clinicopathologic review of 41 cases of pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms. Korean J Gastroenterol 2008;51:60–3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rafique A, Freeman S, Carroll N. A clinical algorithm for the assessment of pancreatic lesions: utilization of 16- and 64 section multidetector CT and endoscopic ultrasound. Clin Radiol 2007;62:1142–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soriano A, Castells A, Ayuso C, Ayuso JR, de Caralt MT, Ginès MA, Preoperative staging and tumor resectability assessment of pancreatic cancer: prospective study comparing endoscopic ultrasonography, helical computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:492–501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredi R, Mehrabi S, Motton M, Graziani R, Ferrari M, Salvia R, MR imaging and MR cholangiopancreatography of multifocal intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the side branches: MR pattern and its evolution. Radiol Med 2008;113:414–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chari ST, Yadav D, Smyrk TC, DiMagno EP, Miller LJ, Raimondo M, Study of recurrence after surgical resection of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas. Gastroenterology 2002;123:1500–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahani DV, Lin DJ, Venkatesan AM, Sainani N, Mino-Kenudson M, Brugge WR, Multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;7:259–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsushita M, Ikeura T, Shimatani M, Uschida K, Takoaka M, Nishio A, Pancreatic cystic neoplasms: imaging surveillance for pancreatic and extrapancreatic malignancy. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104:1055–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley III EL, Satchidanand SK. Is there a role for chemoradiation in the management of cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas? Pancreas 2005;31:101–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood D, Silberman AW, Heifetz L, Memsic L, Shabot MM. Cystadenoma of the pancreas: neo-adjuvant therapy and CEA monitoring. J Surg Oncol 1990;43:56–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obayashi K, Ohwada S, Sunose Y, Yamamoto K, Igarashi R, Hamada K, Remarkable effect of gemcitabine-oxaliplatin (GEMOX) therapy in a patient with advanced metastatic mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2008;35:1915–17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Turrini O, Waters JA, Schnelldorfer T, Lillemoe KD, Yiannoutsos CT, Farnell MB, Invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm: predictors of survival and role of adjuvant therapy. HPB (Oxford) 2010;12:447–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barreto G, Shukla PJ, Ramadwar M, Arya S, Shrikhande SV. Cystic tumours of the pancreas. HPB 2007;9:259–66.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Irie H, Honda H, Aibe H, Kuroiwa T, Yoshimitsu K, Shinozaki K, MR cholangiopancreatographic differentiation of benign and malignant intraductal mucin-producing tumors of the pancreas. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;174:1403–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sedlack R, Affi A, Vazquez-Sequeiros E, Norton ID, Clain JE, Wiersema MJ. Utility of EUS in the evaluation of cystic pancreatic lesions. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;56:543–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itai Y, Ohhashi K, Nagai H, Murakami Y, Kokubo T, Makita K, “Ductectatic” mucinous cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Radiology 1986;161:697–700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar