Nurse-administered propofol sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures: first Nordic results from implementation of a structured training program

References

• McQuaid KR, Laine L. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials of moderate sedation for routine endoscopic procedures. Gastrointest endosc 2008;67:10–923.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qadeer MA, Vargo JJ, Khandwala F, Lopez R, Zuccaro G. Propofol versus traditional sedative agents for gastrointestinal endoscopy: a meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;3:1049–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh H, Poluha W, Cheung M, Choptain N, Baron KI, Taback SP. Propofol for sedation during colonoscopy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008:CD006268.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cohen LB, Wecsler JS, Gaetano JN, Benson AA, Miller KM, Durkalski V, Endoscopic sedation in the United States: results from a nationwide survey. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:967–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sipe BW, Rex DK, Latinovich D, Overley C, Kinser K, Bratcher L, Propofol versus midazolam/meperidine for outpatient colonoscopy: administration by nurses supervised by endoscopists. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;55:815–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vargo JJ, Zuccaro G Jr, Dumot JA, Shermock KM, Morrow JB, Conwell DL, Gastroenterologist-administered propofol versus meperidine and midazolam for advanced upper endoscopy: a prospective, randomized trial. Gastroenterology 2002;123:8–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zamir S, Rex DK. An initial investigation of efficiency in endoscopy delivery. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:1968–72.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Walker JA, McIntyre RD, Schleinitz PF, Jacobson KN, Haulk AA, Adesman P, Nurse-administered propofol sedation without anesthesia specialists in 9152 endoscopic cases in an ambulatory surgery center. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:1744–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASA House of Delegates. Statement on Granting Priviliges for Administration of Moderate Sedation to Practioners who are not Anesthesia Professionals. 2011. 21-8-2011.
   Google Scholar
• ASA House of Delegates. Statement on Granting Priviliges to Nonanesthesiologist Practioners for Personally Administering Deep Sedation or Supervising Deep Sedation by Individuals who are not Anesthesia Professionals.2011. 21-8-2011.
   Google Scholar
• Danish Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine. DASINFO 4. 4[17. 2009], 6;26-29. 2011. 21-8-2011.
   Google Scholar
• Mallampati SR, Gatt SP, Gugino LD, Desai SP, Waraksa B, Freiberger D, A clinical sign to predict difficult tracheal intubation; a prospective study. Can J Anaesth 1985;32:429–34.
   Google Scholar
• Koshy G, Nair S, Norkus EP, Hertan HI, Pitchumoni CS. Propofol versus midazolam and meperidine for conscious sedation in GI endoscopy. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;95:1476–9.
   Google Scholar
• May A, Nachbar L, Pohl J, Ell C. Endoscopic interventions in the small bowel using double balloon enteroscopy: feasibility and limitations. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:527–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rex DK, Deenadayalu VP, Eid E, Imperiale TF, Walker JA, Sandhu K, Endoscopist-directed administration of propofol: a worldwide safety experience. Gastroenterology 2009;137:1229–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fatima H, DeWitt J, LeBlanc J, Sherman S, McGreevy K, Imperiale T. Nurse-administered propofol sedation for upper endoscopic ultrasonography. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:1649–56.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vilmann P, Hornslet P, Simmons H, Hammering A, Clementsen P. Propofol sedation administered by nurses for endoscopic procedures. Ugeskr Laeger 2009;171:1840–3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sieg A. Propofol sedation in outpatient colonoscopy by trained practice nurses supervised by the gastroenterologist: a prospective evaluation of over 3000 cases. Z Gastroenterol 2007;45:697–701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Külling D, Orlandi M, Inauen W. Propofol sedation during endoscopic procedures: how much staff and monitoring are necessary? Gastrointest Endosc 2007;66:443–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meining A, Semmler V, Kassem AM, Sander R, Frankenberger U, Burzin M, The effect of sedation on the quality of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: an investigator-blinded, randomized study comparing propofol with midazolam. Endoscopy 2007;39:345–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tohda G, Higashi S, Wakahara S, Morikawa M, Sakumoto H, Kane T. Propofol sedation during endoscopic procedures: safe and effective administration by registered nurses supervised by endoscopists. Endoscopy 2006;38:360–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riphaus A, Wehrmann T. Sedation, surveillance and preparation. Endoscopy 2007;39:2–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rex DK, Overley C, Kinser K, Coates M, Lee A, Goodwine BW, Safety of propofol administered by registered nurses with gastroenterologist supervision in 2000 endoscopic cases. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:1159–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yusoff IF, Raymond G, Sahai AV. Endoscopist administered propofol for upper-GI EUS is safe and effective: a prospective study in 500 patients. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;60:356–60.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Walker JA, McIntyre RD, Schleinitz PF, Jacobson KN, Haulk AA, Adesman P, Nurse-administered propofol sedation without anesthesia specialists in 9152 endoscopic cases in an ambulatory surgery center. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:1744–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wehrmann T, Triantafyllou K. Propofol Sedation in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: a GastroenterologistÆs Perspective. Digestion 2010;82:106–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rex DK, Heuss LT, Walker JA, Qi R. Trained registered nurses/endoscopy teams can administer propofol safely for endoscopy. Gastroenterology 2005;129:1384–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillham MJ, Hutchinson RC, Carter R, Kenny GN. Patient-maintained sedation for ERCP with a target-controlled infusion of propofol: a pilot study. Gastrointest Endosc 2001;54:14–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson KW, Casey PB, Murray JP, O'Boyle CA, Cunningham AJ. Propofol sedation for outpatient upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: comparison with midazolam. Br J Anaesth 1991;67:108–1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumonceau JM, Riphaus A, Aparicio JR, Beilenhoff U, Knape JT, Ortmann M, European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates, and the European Society of Anaesthesiology Guideline: Non-anaesthesiologist administration of propofol for GI endoscopy. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2010;27:1016–30.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abu-Shahwan I, Mack D. Propofol and remifentanil for deep sedation in children undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy. Pediatr Anesth 2006;17:460–3.
   Google Scholar
• Agostoni M, Fanti L, Arcidiacono PG, Gemma M, Strini G, Torri G, Midazolam and pethidine versus propofol and fentanyl patient controlled sedation/analgesia for upper gastrointestinal tract ultrasound endoscopy: A prospective randomized controlled trial. Dig Liver Dis 2007;39:1024–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Amornyotin S, Lertakayamanee N, Wongyingsinn M, Pimukmanuskit P, Chalayonnavin V. The effectiveness of intravenous sedation in diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. J Med Assoc Thai 2007;90:301.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cohen LB, Dubovsky AN, Aisenberg J, Miller KM. Propofol for endoscopic sedation: a protocol for safe and effective administration by the gastroenterologist. Gastrointest endosc 2003;58:725–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Disma N, Astuto M, Rizzo G, Rosano G, Naso P, Aprile G, Propofol sedation with fentanyl or midazolam during oesophagogastroduodenoscopy in children. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2005;22:848–52.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fanti L, Agostoni M, Arcidiacono PG, Albertin A, Strini G, Carrara S, Target-controlled infusion during monitored anesthesia care in patients undergoing EUS: Propofol alone versus midazolam plus propofol: A prospective double-blind randomised controlled trial. Dig Liver Dis 2007;39:81–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ong WC, Santosh D, Lakhtakia S, Reddy DN. A randomized controlled trial on use of propofol alone versus propofol with midazolam, ketamine, and pentazocine" sedato-analgesic cocktail" for sedation during ERCP. Endoscopy 2007;39:807–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Poon CM, Leung TL, Wong CW, Chan YL, Leung TC, Leong HT. Safety of Nurse-administered Propofol Sedation Using PCA Pump for Outpatient Colonoscopy in Chinese Patients: A Pilot Study. Asian J Surg 2007;30:239–43.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• VanNatta ME, Rex DK. Propofol alone titrated to deep sedation versus propofol in combination with opioids and/or benzodiazepines and titrated to moderate sedation for colonoscopy. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:2209–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weitz G, Homann N, Von Jagow DC, Wellhoner P, Sauer A, Ludwig D. Premedication with orally administered lorazepam in adults undergoing ERCP: a randomized double-blind study. Gastrointest Endosc 2007;66:450–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nelson DB, Freeman ML, Silvis SE, Cass OW, Yakshe PN, Vennes J, A randomized, controlled trial of transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring during ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc 2000;51:288–95.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vargo JJ, Zuccaro G Jr, Dumot JA, Conwell DL, Morrow JB, Shay SS. Automated graphic assessment of respiratory activity is superior to pulse oximetry and visual assessment for the detection of early respiratory depression during therapeutic upper endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;55:826–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell GD, Morden A, Bown S, Coady T, Logan RFA. Prevention of hypoxaemia during upper-gastrointestinal endoscopy by means of oxygen via nasal cannulae. Lancet 1987;329:1022–4.
   Google Scholar
• Griffin SM, Chung SC, Leung JW, Li AK. Effect of intranasal oxygen on hypoxia and tachycardia during endoscopic cholangiopancreatography. Br Med J 1990;300:83.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heuss LT, Schnieper P, Drewe J, Pflimlin E, Beglinger C. Risk stratification and safe administration of propofol by registered nurses supervised by the gastroenterologist: a prospective observational study of more than 2000 cases. Gastrointest Endosc 2003;57:664–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riphaus A, Wehrmann T, Weber B, Arnold J, Beilenhoff U, Bitter H, S3-guidelines–sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Z Gastroenterol 2008;46:1298–330.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Byrne MF, Chiba N, Singh H, Sadowski DC. Propofol use for sedation during endoscopy in adults: a Canadian Association of Gastroenterology position statement. Can J Gastroenterol 2008;22:457–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schreiber F. Austrian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (OGGH)–guidelines on sedation and monitoring during gastrointestinal endoscopy. Endoscopy 2007;39:259–62.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lopez RL, Subcomite de Protocolos Of The Spanish Society Of Gastrointestinal, Endoscopy S. Sedation/analgesia guidelines for endoscopy. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2006;98:685–92.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bhavani-Shankar K, Moseley H, Kumar AY, Delph Y. Capnometry and anaesthesia. Can J Anaesth 1992;39:617–32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vargo JJ, Zuccaro G Jr, Dumot JA, Shay SS, Conwell DL, Morrow JB. Gastroenterologist-administered propofol for therapeutic upper endoscopy with graphic assessment of respiratory activity: a case series. Gastrointest Endosc 2000;52:250–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar