Calprotectin in ankylosing spondylitis – frequently elevated in feces, but normal in serum

References

• Baeten D, De Keyser F, Mielants H, Veys EM. Ankylosing spondylitis and bowel disease. Best Practice Res 2002;16:537–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smale S, Natt RS, Orchard TR, Russell AS, Bjarnason I. Inflammatory bowel disease and spondylarthropathy. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:2728–36.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee YH, Ji JD, Kim JS, Bak YT, Lee CH, Kim CH, Ileocolonoscopic and histologic studies of Korean patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Scand J Rheumatol 1997;26:473–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mielants H, Veys EM, Cuvelier C, de Vos M. Ileocolonoscopic findings in seronegative spondylarthropathies. Br J Rheumatol 1988;27:95–105.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leirisalo-Repo M, Turunen U, Stenman S, Helenius P, Seppala K. High frequency of silent inflammatory bowel disease in spondylarthropathy. Arthritis Rheum 1994;37:23–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heizmann CW, Fritz G, Schafer BW. S100 proteins: structure, functions and pathology. Front Biosci 2002;7:d1356–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leukert N, Vogl T, Strupat K, Reichelt R, Sorg C, Roth J. Calcium-dependent tetramer formation of S100A8 and S100A9 is essential for biological activity. J Mol Biol 2006;359:961–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roseth AG, Schmidt PN, Fagerhol MK. Correlation between faecal excretion of indium-111-labelled granulocytes and calprotectin, a granulocyte marker protein, in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 1999;34:50–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perera C, McNeil HP, Geczy CL. S100 Calgranulins in inflammatory arthritis. Immunol Cell Biol 2010;88:41–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meucci G, D'Inca R, Maieron R, Orzes N, Vecchi M, Visentini D, Diagnostic value of faecal calprotectin in unselected outpatients referred for colonoscopy: a multicenter prospective study. Dig Liver Dis 2010;42:191–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Foell D, Wittkowski H, Roth J. Monitoring disease activity by stool analyses: from occult blood to molecular markers of intestinal inflammation and damage. Gut 2009;58:859–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gisbert JP, McNicholl AG. Questions and answers on the role of faecal calprotectin as a biological marker in inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Liver Dis 2009;41:56–66.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sutherland AD, Gearry RB, Frizelle FA. Review of fecal biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease. Dis Colon Rectum 2008;51:1283–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoepfer AM, Beglinger C, Straumann A, Trummler M, Vavricka SR, Bruegger LE, Fecal calprotectin correlates more closely with the simple endoscopic score for crohn's disease (SES-CD) than CRP, blood leukocytes, and the CDAI. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:162–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foell D, Hernandez-Rodriguez J, Sanchez M, Vogl T, Cid MC, Roth J. Early recruitment of phagocytes contributes to the vascular inflammation of giant cell arteritis. J Pathol 2004;204:311–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frosch M, Ahlmann M, Vogl T, Wittkowski H, Wulffraat N, Foell D, The myeloid-related proteins 8 and 14 complex, a novel ligand of toll-like receptor 4, and interleukin-1beta form a positive feedback mechanism in systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2009;60:883–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kane D, Roth J, Frosch M, Vogl T, Bresnihan B, FitzGerald O. Increased perivascular synovial membrane expression of myeloid-related proteins in psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2003;48:1676–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryckman C, McColl SR, Vandal K, de Medicis R, Lussier A, Poubelle PE, Role of S100A8 and S100A9 in neutrophil recruitment in response to monosodium urate monohydrate crystals in the air-pouch model of acute gouty arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2003;48:2310–20.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soyfoo MS, Roth J, Vogl T, Pochet R, Decaux G. Phagocyte-specific S100A8/A9 protein levels during disease exacerbations and infections in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2009;36:2190–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Seny D, Fillet M, Ribbens C, Maree R, Meuwis MA, Lutteri L, Monomeric calgranulins measured by SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry and calprotectin measured by ELISA as biomarkers in arthritis. Clin Chem 2008;54:1066–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Linden S, Valkenburg HA, Cats A. Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis. a proposal for modification of the New York criteria. Arthritis Rheum 1984;27:361–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calin A, Garrett S, Whitelock H, Kennedy LG, O'Hea J, Mallorie P, A new approach to defining functional ability in ankylosing spondylitis: the development of the bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index. J Rheumatol 1994;21:2281–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrett S, Jenkinson T, Kennedy LG, Whitelock H, Gaisford P, Calin A. A new approach to defining disease status in ankylosing spondylitis: the bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index. J Rheumatol 1994;21:2286–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkinson TR, Mallorie PA, Whitelock HC, Kennedy LG, Garrett SL, Calin A. Defining spinal mobility in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The bath as metrology index. J Rheumatol 1994;21:1694–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones SD, Steiner A, Garrett SL, Calin A. The bath ankylosing spondylitis patient global score (BAS-G). Br J Rheumatol 1996;35:66–71.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lukas C, Landewe R, Sieper J, Dougados M, Davis J, Braun J, Development of an ASAS-endorsed disease activity score (ASDAS) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2009;68:18–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Heijde D, Lie E, Kvien TK, Sieper J, Van den Bosch F, Listing J, ASDAS, a highly discriminatory ASAS-endorsed disease activity score in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2009;68:1811–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malickova K, Janatkova I, Bortlik M, Komarek V, Lukas M. Calprotectin levels in patients with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease comparison of two commercial tests. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol 2008;57:147–53.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bjarnason I, Helgason KO, Geirsson AJ, Sigthorsson G, Reynisdottir I, Gudbjartsson D, Subclinical intestinal inflammation and sacroiliac changes in relatives of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Gastroenterology 2003;125:1598–605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tibble JA, Sigthorsson G, Foster R, Scott D, Fagerhol MK, Roseth A, High prevalence of NSAID enteropathy as shown by a simple faecal test. Gut 1999;45:362–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maiden L, Thjodleifsson B, Theodors A, Gonzalez J, Bjarnason I. A quantitative analysis of NSAID-induced small bowel pathology by capsule enteroscopy. Gastroenterology 2005;128:1172–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeuchi K, Smale S, Premchand P, Maiden L, Sherwood R, Thjodleifsson B, Prevalence and mechanism of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced clinical relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;4:196–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poullis A, Foster R, Mendall MA, Shreeve D, Wiener K. Proton pump inhibitors are associated with elevation of faecal calprotectin and may affect specificity. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003;15:573–4; author reply 4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akobeng AK, Zachos M. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody for induction of remission in crohn's disease (Online). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;1:CD003574.
   Google Scholar
• Alfadhli AA, McDonald JW, Feagan BG. Methotrexate for induction of remission in refractory crohn's disease (Online). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;1:CD003459.
   Google Scholar
• Lawson MM, Thomas AG, Akobeng AK. Tumour necrosis factor alpha blocking agents for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis (Online). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;3:CD005112.
   Google Scholar
• De Keyser F, Elewaut D, De Vos M, De Vlam K, Cuvelier C, Mielants H, Bowel inflammation and the spondyloarthropathies. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1998;24:785–813; ix-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammer HB, Haavardsholm EA, Kvien TK. Calprotectin (a major leucocyte protein) is associated with the levels of anti-CCP and rheumatoid factor in a longitudinal study of patients with very early rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2008;37:179–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madland TM, Hordvik M, Haga HJ, Jonsson R, Brun JG. Leukocyte protein calprotectin and outcome in rheumatoid arthritis. A longitudinal study. Scand J Rheumatol 2002;31:351–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen YS, Yan W, Geczy CL, Brown MA, Thomas R. Serum levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products and of S100 proteins are associated with inflammatory, autoantibody, and classical risk markers of joint and vascular damage in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2009;11:R39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammer HB, Odegard S, Syversen SW, Landewe R, van der Heijde D, Uhlig T, Calprotectin (a major S100 leucocyte protein) predicts 10-year radiographic progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2010;69:150–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruithof E, De Rycke L, Roth J, Mielants H, Van den Bosch F, De Keyser F, Immunomodulatory effects of etanercept on peripheral joint synovitis in the spondylarthropathies. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52:3898–909.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hsu K, Passey RJ, Endoh Y, Rahimi F, Youssef P, Yen T, Regulation of S100A8 by glucocorticoids. J Immunol 2005;174:2318–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benoit S, Toksoy A, Ahlmann M, Schmidt M, Sunderkotter C, Foell D, Elevated serum levels of calcium-binding S100 proteins A8 and A9 reflect disease activity and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes in psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2006;155:62–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar