852
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Diagnosis and management of gallbladder calculus disease

, , &
Pages 1257-1265 | Received 09 Mar 2012, Accepted 17 Jun 2012, Published online: 31 Aug 2012

References

  • Drossman DA. The functional gastrointestinal disorders and the Rome III process. Gastroenterology 2006;130:1377–90.
  • Gurusamy K, Samraj K, Gluud C, Wilson E, Davidson BR. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the safety and effectiveness of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Br J Surg 2010;97:141–50.
  • Glambek I, Kvaale G, Arnesjö B, Søreide O. Prevalence of gallstones in a Norwegian Population. Scand J Gastroenterol 1987;22:1089–94.
  • Jorgensen T. Occurence, natural history and prevention. Treatment of gallstone patients. A health technology assessment. 1st ed. Copenhagen: Dansk Institutt for Klinisk Epidemiologi (Danish Institute of Clinical Epidemiology) (DIKE); 1999.
  • Stinton LM, Myers RP, Shaffer EA. Epidemiology of gallstones. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2010;39:157–69; vii.
  • Rutkow IM. Surgical operations in the United States. Then (1983) and now (1994). Arch Surg 1997;132:983–90.
  • Attili AF, De Santis A, Capri R, Repice AM, Maselli S. The natural history of gallstones: the GREPCO experience. The GREPCO Group. Hepatology 1995;21:655–60.
  • Festi D, Reggiani ML, Attili AF, Loria P, Pazzi P, Scaioli E, Natural history of gallstone disease: Expectant management or active treatment? Results from a population-based cohort study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;25:719–24.
  • Schmidt M, Hausken T, Glambek I, Schleer C, Eide GE, Sondenaa K. A 24-year controlled follow-up of patients with silent gallstones showed no long-term risk of symptoms or adverse events leading to cholecystectomy. Scand J Gastroenterol 2011;46:949–54.
  • Sakorafas GH, Milingos D, Peros G. Asymptomatic cholelithiasis: is cholecystectomy really needed? A critical reappraisal 15 years after the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Dig Dis Sci 2007;52:1313–25.
  • Angelico F, Del Ben M, Barbato A, Conti R, Urbinati G. Ten-year incidence and natural history of gallstone disease in a rural population of women in central Italy. The Rome Group for the Epidemiology and Prevention of Cholelithiasis (GREPCO). Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1997;29:249–54.
  • Halldestam I, Enell EL, Kullman E, Borch K. Development of symptoms and complications in individuals with asymptomatic gallstones. Br J Surg 2004;91:734–8.
  • Gillen S, Michalski CW, Schuster T, Feith M, Friess H, Kleeff J. Simultaneous/Incidental cholecystectomy during gastric/esophageal resection: systematic analysis of risks and benefits. World J Surg 2010;34:1008–14.
  • Capocaccia L, Giunchi G, Pocchiari F, Ricci G, Angelico F, Angelico M, Prevalence of gallstone disease in an Italian adult female population. Rome Group for the Epidemiology and Prevention of Cholelithiasis (GREPCO). Am J Epidemiol 1984;119:796–805.
  • French EB, Robb WA. Biliary and renal colic. Br Med J 1963;2:135–8.
  • Silen W. Cope's early diagnosis of the acute abdomen. 17th ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 1987.
  • deDombal FT. Acute cholecystitis. Diagnosis of acute abdominal pain. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1991.
  • Berhane T, Vetrhus M, Hausken T, Olafsson S, Sondenaa K. Pain attacks in non-complicated and complicated gallstone disease have a characteristic pattern and are accompanied by dyspepsia in most patients: the results of a prospective study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2006;41:93–101.
  • Schmidt M, Sondenaa K, Dumot JA, Rosenblatt S, Hausken T, Ramnefjell M, Post-cholecystectomy symptoms were caused by persistence of a functional gastrointestinal disorder. World J Gastroenterol 2012;18:1356–72.
  • Mjaland O, Hogevold HE, Buanes T. Standard preoperative assessment can improve outcome after cholecystectomy. Eur J Surg 2000;166:129–35.
  • Mertens MC, De Vries J, Scholtes VP, Jansen P, Roukema JA. Prospective 6 weeks follow-up post-cholecystectomy: the predictive value of pre-operative symptoms. J Gastrointest Surg 2009;13:304–11.
  • Sondenaa K, Nesvik I, Solhaug JH, Soreide O. Randomization to surgery or observation in patients with symptomatic gallbladder stone disease. The problem of evidence-based medicine in clinical practice. Scand J Gastroenterol 1997;32:611–16.
  • Halldestam I, Kullman E, Borch K. Defined indications for elective cholecystectomy for gallstone disease. Br J Surg 2008;95:620–6.
  • Lublin M, Crawford DL, Hiatt JR, Phillips EH. Symptoms before and after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallstones. Am Surg 2004;70:863–6.
  • Kirk G, Kennedy R, McKie L, Diamond T, Clements B. Preoperative symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome predict poor outcome after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 2011;10:10.
  • McSherry CK, Ferstenberg H, Calhoun WF, Lahman E, Virshup M. The natural history of diagnosed gallstone disease in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Ann Surg 1985;202:59–63.
  • Talley NJ. Functional gastrointestinal disorders as a public health problem. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2008;20(Suppl 1):121–9.
  • Weinert CR, Arnett D, Jacobs D Jr, Kane RL. Relationship between persistence of abdominal symptoms and successful outcome after cholecystectomy. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:989–95.
  • Hausken T, Sondenaa K, Svebak S, Gilja OH, Olafsson S, Odegaard S, Common pathogenetic mechanisms in symptomatic, uncomplicated gallstone disease and functional dyspepsia: volume measurement of gallbladder and antrum using three-dimensional ultrasonography. Dig Dis Sci 1997;42:2505–12.
  • Nassr AO, Gilani SN, Atie M, Abdelhafiz T, Connolly V, Hickey N, Does impaired gallbladder function contribute to the development of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma? J Gastrointest Surg 2011;15:908–14.
  • Vandvik PO, Wilhelmsen I, Ihlebaek C, Farup PG. Comorbidity of irritable bowel syndrome in general practice: a striking feature with clinical implications. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:1195–203.
  • Lin HC. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: a framework for understanding irritable bowel syndrome. JAMA 2004;292:852–8.
  • Berger MY, van der Velden JJ, Lijmer JG, de Kort H, Prins A, Bohnen AM. Abdominal symptoms: do they predict gallstones? A systematic review. Scand J Gastroenterol 2000;35:70–6.
  • Luman W, Adams WH, Nixon SN, McIntyre IM, Hamer-Hodges D, Wilson G, Incidence of persistent symptoms after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective study. Gut 1996;39:863–6.
  • Bates T, Ebbs SR, Harrison M, A'Hern RP. Influence of cholecystectomy on symptoms. Br J Surg 1991;78:964–7.
  • Thistle JL, Longstreth GF, Romero Y, Arora AS, Simonson JA, Diehl NN, Factors that predict relief from upper abdominal pain after cholecystectomy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;20:20.
  • Vetrhus M, Soreide O, Solhaug JH, Nesvik I, Sondenaa K. Symptomatic, non-complicated gallbladder stone disease. Operation or observation? A randomized clinical study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2002;37:834–9.
  • Mertens MC, Roukema JA, Scholtes VP, De Vries J. Risk assessment in cholelithiasis: is cholecystectomy always to be preferred? J Gastrointest Surg 2010;14:1271–9.
  • Friedman GD, Raviola CA, Fireman B. Prognosis of gallstones with mild or no symptoms: 25 years of follow-up in a health maintenance organisation. J Clin Epidemiol 1989;42:127–36.
  • Gracie WA, Ransohoff DF. In Cohen S, Soloway RD, editors. Gallstones. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1985. pp 27–43.
  • Schmidt M, Sondenaa K, Vetrhus M, Berhane T, Eide GE. A randomized controlled study of uncomplicated gallstone disease with a 14-year follow-up showed that operation was the preferred treatment. Dig Surg 2011;28:270–6.
  • Vetrhus M, Berhane T, Soreide O, Sondenaa K. Pain persists in many patients five years after removal of the gallbladder: observations from two randomized controlled trials of symptomatic, noncomplicated gallstone disease and acute cholecystitis. J Gastrointest Surg 2005;9:826–31.
  • Vetrhus M, Soreide O, Eide GE, Nesvik I, Sondenaa K. Quality of life and pain in patients with acute cholecystitis. Results of a randomized clinical trial. Scand J Surg 2005;94:34–9.
  • Hammarstrom LE, Holmin T, Stridbeck H, Ihse I. Routine preoperative infusion cholangiography at elective cholecystectomy: a prospective study in 694 patients. Br J Surg 1996;83:750–4.
  • Hammarstrom LE, Holmin T, Stridbeck H, Ihse I. Long-term follow-up of a prospective randomized study of endoscopic versus surgical treatment of bile duct calculi in patients with gallbladder in situ. Br J Surg 1995;82:1516–21.
  • Konsten J, Gouma DJ, von Meyenfeldt MF, Menheere P. Long-term follow-up after open cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 1993;80:100–2.
  • Sand J, Pakkala S, Nordback I. Twenty to thirty year follow-up after cholecystectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 1996;43:534–7.
  • Hammarstrom LE, Holmin T, Stridbeck H. Endoscopic treatment of bile duct calculi in patients with gallbladder in situ: long-term outcome and factors. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996;31:294–301.
  • Sobolev B, Mercer D, Brown P, FitzGerald M, Jalink D, Shaw R. Risk of emergency admission while awaiting elective cholecystectomy. Can Med Assoc J 2003;169:662–5.
  • Riall TS, Zhang D, Townsend CM Jr, Kuo YF, Goodwin JS. Failure to perform cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis in elderly patients is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and cost. J Am Coll Surg 2010;210:668–77.
  • Salman B, Yuksel O, Irkorucu O, Akyurek N, Tezcaner T, Dogan I, Urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the best management for biliary colic. A prospective randomized study of 75 cases. Dig Surg 2005;22:95–9.
  • Trowbridge RL, Rutkowski NK, Shojania KG. Does this patient have acute cholecystitis? JAMA 2003;289:80–6.
  • Macafee DA, Humes DJ, Bouliotis G, Beckingham IJ, Whynes DK, Lobo DN. Prospective randomized trial using cost-utility analysis of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute gallbladder disease. Br J Surg 2009;96:1031–40.
  • Schmidt M, Sondenaa K, Vetrhus M, Berhane T, Eide GE. Long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of observation versus surgery for acute cholecystitis: non-operative management is an option in some patients. Scand J Gastroenterol 2011;46:1257–62.
  • Gracie WA, Ransohoff DF. The natural history of silent gallstones: the innocent gallstone is not a myth. N Engl J Med 1982;307:798–800.
  • Gurusamy KS, Samraj K. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;CD005440.
  • Johansson M, Thune A, Blomqvist A, Nelvin L, Lundell L. Impact of choice of therapeutic strategy for acute cholecystitis on patient's health-related quality of life. Results of a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Dig Surg 2004;21:359–62.
  • Lien HH, Huang CC, Wang PC, Huang CS, Chen YH, Lin TL, Changes in quality-of-life following laparoscopic cholecystectomy in adult patients with cholelithiasis. J Gastrointest Surg 2010;14:126–30.
  • Hoem D, Viste A, Horn A, Gislason H, Sondenaa K. Cholecystectomy improves long-term success after endoscopic treatment of CBD stones. Hepatogastroenterology 2006;53:655–9.
  • Harris HW, Davis BR, Vitale GC. Cholecystectomy after endoscopic sphincterotomy for common bile duct stones: is surgery necessary? Surg Innov 2005;12:187–94.
  • Hammarstrom LE, Stridbeck H, Ihse I. Long-term follow-up after endoscopic treatment of bile duct calculi in cholecystectomized patients. World J Surg 1996;20:272–6.
  • Reisner RM, Cohen JR. Gallstone ileus: a review of 1001 reported cases. Am Surg 1994;60:441–6.
  • Soper NJ. Cholecystectomy: from langenbuch to natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery. World J Surg 2011;35:1422–7.
  • Berger MY, Olde Hartman TC, Bohnen AM. Abdominal symptoms: do they disappear after cholecystectomy? Surg Endosc 2003;17:1723–8.
  • Ros E, Zambon D. Postcholecystectomy symptoms. A prospective study of gall stone patients before and two years after surgery. Gut 1987;28:1500–4.
  • Ure B, Troidl H, Spangenberger W, Lefering R, Dietrich A, Eypasch E, Long-term results after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 1995;82:267–70.
  • Jorgensen T, Teglbjerg JS, Wille-Jorgensen P, Bille T, Thorvaldsen P. Persisting pain after cholecystectomy. A prospective investigation. Scand J Gastroenterol 1991;26:124–8.
  • Ahmed R, Freeman JV, Ross B, Kohler B, Nicholl JP, Johnson AG. Long term response to gallstone treatment-problems and surprises. Eur J Surg 2000;166:447–54.
  • Peterli R, Schuppisser JP, Herzog U, Ackermann C, Tondelli PE. Prevalence of postcholecystectomy symptoms: long-term outcome after open versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy. World J Surg 2000;24:1232–5.
  • McMahon AJ, Ross S, Baxter JN, Russell IT, Anderson JR, Morran CG, Symptomatic outcome 1 year after laparoscopic and minilaparotomy cholecystectomy: a randomized trial. Br J Surg 1995;82:1378–82.
  • Vander Velpen GC, Shimi SM, Cuschieri A. Outcome after cholecystectomy for symptomatic gall stone disease and effect of surgical access: laparoscopic v open approach. Gut 1993;34:1448–51.
  • Vetrhus M, Soreide O, Eide GE, Solhaug JH, Nesvik I, Sondenaa K. Pain and quality of life in patients with symptomatic, non-complicated gallbladder stones: results of a randomized controlled trial. Scand J Gastroenterol 2004;39:270–6.
  • Cicala M, Habib FI, Fiocca F, Pallotta N, Corazziari E. Increased sphincter of Oddi basal pressure in patients affected by gall stone disease: a role for biliary stasis and colicky pain? Gut 2001;48:414–17.
  • Manifold DK, Anggiansah A, Owen WJ. Effect of cholecystectomy on gastroesophageal and duodenogastric reflux. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:2746–50.
  • Corazziari E. Sphincter of oddi dysfunction. Dig Liver Dis 2003;35(Suppl 3):S26–9.
  • Desautels SG, Slivka A, Hutson WR, Chun A, Mitrani C, DiLorenzo C, Postcholecystectomy pain syndrome: pathophysiology of abdominal pain in sphincter of Oddi type III. Gastroenterology 1999;116:900–5.
  • Middelfart HV, Kristensen JU, Laursen CN, Qvist N, Hojgaard L, Funch-Jensen P, Pain and dyspepsia after elective and acute cholecystectomy. Scand J Gastroenterol 1998;33:10–14.
  • Stefaniak T, Vingerhoets A, Babinska D, Trus M, Glowacki J, Dymecki D, Psychological factors influencing results of cholecystectomy. Scand J Gastroenterol 2004;39:127–32.
  • Lind R, Lied GA, Lillestol K, Valeur J, Berstad A. Do psychological factors predict symptom severity in patients with subjective food hypersensitivity? Scand J Gastroenterol 2010;45:835–43.
  • Shrikhande SV, Barreto SG, Singh S, Udwadia TE, Agarwal AK. Cholelithiasis in gallbladder cancer: coincidence, cofactor, or cause!. Eur J Surg Oncol 2010;36:514–19.
  • Lin G, Zeng Z, Wang X, Wu Z, Wang J, Wang C, Cholecystectomy and risk of pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Cancer Causes Control 2011;19:19.
  • Oh SW, Kim YH, Choi YS, Chang DK, Son HJ, Rhee PL, The comparison of the risk factors and clinical manifestations of proximal and distal colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2008;51:56–61.
  • Schmidt M, Småstuen M, Sondenaa K. Long-term mortality in patients with gallstones was similar to the general population but cancer occurred more often after removal of the gallbladder for uncomplicated disease. In press
  • Friedman GD. Natural history of asymptomatic and symptomatic gallstones. Am J Surg 1993;165:399–404.
  • Cancer in Norway 2008 - Cancer incidence, mortality, survival and prevalence in Norway. Oslo: Cancer Registry of Norway; 2009.
  • Randi G, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C. Gallbladder cancer worldwide: geographical distribution and risk factors. Int J Cancer 2006;118:1591–602.
  • Misra S, Chaturvedi A, Misra NC, Sharma ID. Carcinoma of the gallbladder. Lancet Oncol 2003;4:167–76.
  • Le MD, Henson D, Young H, Albores-Saavedra J. Is gallbladder cancer decreasing in view of increasing laparoscopic cholecystectomy? Ann Hepatol 2011;10:306–14.
  • Lagergren J, Ye W, Ekbom A. Intestinal cancer after cholecystectomy: is bile involved in carcinogenesis? Gastroenterology 2001;121:542–7.
  • Reid FD, Mercer PM, harrison M, Bates T. Cholecystectomy as a risk factor for colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996;31:160–9.
  • Yamaji Y, Okamoto M, Yoshida H, Kawabe T, Wada R, Mitsushima T, Cholelithiasis is a risk factor for colorectal adenoma. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:2847–52.
  • Chiong C, Cox MR, Eslick GD. Gallstone disease is associated with rectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2012;47:553–64.
  • Andren-Sandberg A, Haugsvedt T, Larssen TB, Sondenaa K. Complications and late outcome following percutaneous drainage of the gallbladder in acute calculous cholecystitis. Dig Surg 2001;18:393–8.
  • Chow WH, Johansen C, Gridley G, Mellemkjaer L, Olsen JH, Fraumeni JF Jr. Gallstones, cholecystectomy and risk of cancers of the liver, biliary tract and pancreas. Br J Cancer 1999;79:640–4.
  • Ye W, Lagergren J, Nyren O, Ekbom A. Risk of pancreatic cancer after cholecystectomy: a cohort study in Sweden. Gut 2001;49:678–81.
  • Besselink MG, Venneman NG, Go PM, Broeders IA, Siersema PD, Gooszen HG, Is complicated gallstone disease preceded by biliary colic? J Gastrointest Surg 2009;13:312–17.
  • Urbach DR, Stukel TA. Rate of elective cholecystectomy and the incidence of severe gallstone disease. CMAJ 2005;172:1015–19.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.