670
Views
41
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Predictors of mortality among patients with compensated and decompensated liver cirrhosis: the role of bacterial infections and infection-related acute-on-chronic liver failure

, , &
Pages 875-883 | Received 13 Oct 2014, Accepted 04 Feb 2015, Published online: 19 Feb 2015

References

  • MGForeman, DMMannino, MMoss. Cirrhosis as a risk factor for sepsis and death: analysis of the National Hospital Discharge Survey. Chest 2003;124:1016–20.
  • RJalan, JFernandez, RWiest, BSchnabl, RMoreau, PAngeli, et al. Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: a position statement based on the EASL special conference 2013. J Hepatol 2014;60:1310–24.
  • AKSingal, HSalameh, PSKamath. Prevalence and in-hospital mortality trends of infections among patients with cirrhosis: a nationwide study of hospitalised patients in the United States. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014;40:105–12.
  • GD’Amico, GGarcia-Tsao, LPagliaro. Natural history and prognostic indicators of survival in cirrhosis: a systematic review of 118 studies. J Hepatol 2006;44:217–31.
  • AZipprich, GGarcia-Tsao, SRogowski, WEFleig, TSeufferlein, MMDollinger. Prognostic indicators of survival in patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis. Liver Int 2012;32:1407–14.
  • VArvaniti, GD’Amico, GFede, PManousou, ETsochatzis, MPleguezuelo, et al. Infections in patients with cirrhosis increase mortality four-fold and should be used in determining prognosis. Gastroenterology 2010;139:1246–56.
  • RMoreau, RJalan, PGines, MPavesi, PAngeli, JCordoba, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a distinct syndrome that develops in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2013;144:1426–37.
  • AKatoonizadeh, WLaleman, CVerslype, AWilmer, GMaleux, TRoskams, et al. Early features of acute-on-chronic alcoholic liver failure: a prospective cohort study. Gut 2010;59:1561–9.
  • PESilva, LFayad, CLazzarotto, MFRonsoni, MLBazzo, BDColombo, et al. Single-center validation of the EASL-CLIF Consortium definition of acute-on-chronic liver failure and CLIF-SOFA for prediction of mortality in cirrhosis. Liver Int 2014. [Epub ahead of print].
  • RJalan, VStadlbauer, SSen, LCheshire, YMChang, RPMookerjee. Role of predisposition, injury, response and organ failure in the prognosis of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure: a prospective cohort study. Crit Care 2012;16:R227.
  • HGarg, AKumar, VGarg, PSharma, BCSharma, SKSarin. Clinical profile and predictors of mortality in patients of acute-on-chronic liver failure. Dig Liver Dis 2012;44:166–71.
  • JSBajaj, JGO’Leary, KRReddy, FWong, SWBiggins, HPatton, et al. Survival in infection-related acute-on-chronic liver failure is defined by extra-hepatic organ failures. Hepatology 2014;60:250–6.
  • KSargenti, HPrytz, AStrand, ENilsson, EKalaitzakis. Healthcare-associated and nosocomial bacterial infections in cirrhosis: predictors and impact on outcome. Liver Int 2015;35:391–400.
  • JFernandez, JAcevedo, MCastro, OGarcia, CRde Lope, DRoca, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of infections by multiresistant bacteria in cirrhosis: a prospective study. Hepatology 2012;55:1551–61.
  • JSBajaj, JGO’Leary, KRReddy, FWong, JCOlson, RMSubramanian, et al. Second infections independently increase mortality in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis: the North American consortium for the study of end-stage liver disease (NACSELD) experience. Hepatology 2012;56:2328–35.
  • MMerli, CLucidi, VGiannelli, MGiusto, ORiggio, MFalcone, et al. Cirrhotic patients are at risk for health care-associated bacterial infections. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;8:979–85.
  • Rde Franchis. Evolving consensus in portal hypertension. Report of the Baveno IV consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension. J Hepatol 2005;43:167–76.
  • MECharlson, PPompei, KLAles, CRMacKenzie. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis 1987;40:373–83.
  • RPDellinger, MMLevy, ARhodes, DAnnane, HGerlach, SMOpal, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012. Crit Care Med 2013;41:580–637.
  • FWong, MKNadim, JAKellum, FSalerno, RBellomo, AGerbes, et al. Working Party proposal for a revised classification system of renal dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis. Gut 2011;60:702–9.
  • RPMookerjee, VStadlbauer, SLidder, GAWright, SJHodges, NADavies, et al. Neutrophil dysfunction in alcoholic hepatitis superimposed on cirrhosis is reversible and predicts the outcome. Hepatology 2007;46:831–40.
  • NJTaylor, GKManakkat Vijay, RDAbeles, GAuzinger, WBernal, YMa, et al. The severity of circulating neutrophil dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis is associated with 90-day and 1-year mortality. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014;40:705–15.
  • WRCaly, EStrauss. A prospective study of bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 1993;18:353–8.
  • BARunyon. Bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 1993;18:271–2.
  • MBorzio, FSalerno, LPiantoni, MCazzaniga, PAngeli, FBissoli, et al. Bacterial infection in patients with advanced cirrhosis: a multicentre prospective study. Dig Liver Dis 2001;33:41–8.
  • JFernandez, MNavasa, JGomez, JColmenero, JVila, VArroyo, et al. Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: epidemiological changes with invasive procedures and norfloxacin prophylaxis. Hepatology 2002;35:140–8.
  • TGustot, FDurand, DLebrec, JLVincent, RMoreau. Severe sepsis in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2009;50:2022–33.
  • SBruno, SSaibeni, VBagnardi, CVandelli, MDe Luca, MFelder, et al. Mortality risk according to different clinical characteristics of first episode of liver decompensation in cirrhotic patients: a nationwide, prospective, 3-year follow-up study in Italy. Am J Gastroenterol 2013;108:1112–22.
  • SKSarin, AKumar, JAAlmeida, YKChawla, STFan, HGarg, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific Association for the study of the liver (APASL). Hepatol Int 2009;3:269–82.
  • RJalan, PGines, JCOlson, RPMookerjee, RMoreau, GGarcia-Tsao, et al. Acute-on chronic liver failure. J Hepatol 2012;57:1336–48.
  • PJepsen, HVilstrup, PKAndersen, TLLash, HTSorensen. Comorbidity and survival of Danish cirrhosis patients: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Hepatology 2008;48:214–20.
  • JAcevedo, JFernandez, VPrado, ASilva, MCastro, MPavesi, et al. Relative adrenal insufficiency in decompensated cirrhosis: Relationship to short-term risk of severe sepsis, hepatorenal syndrome, and death. Hepatology 2013;58:1757–65.
  • TThevenot, CBureau, FOberti, RAnty, ALouvet, APlessier, et al. Effect of albumin in cirrhotic patients with infection other than spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. a randomized trial. J Hepatol 2014. [ Epub ahead of print].
  • ERodriguez, CElia, ESola, RBarreto, IGraupera, AAndrealli, et al. Terlipressin and albumin for type-1 hepatorenal syndrome associated with sepsis. J Hepatol 2014;60:955–61.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.