Immune and Inflammatory Responses to Helicobacter pylori Infection

References

• Taylor D E. Genetics of Campylobacter and Helicobacter. Annu Rev Microbiol 1992; 46: 35–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang Z, Censini S, Bayeli P F, Telford J L, Figura N, Rappuoli R, et al. Analysis of expression of CagA and VacA virulence factors in 43 strains of Helicobacter pylori reveals that clinical isolates can be divided into two major types and that CagA is not necessary for expression of the vacuolating cytotoxin. Infect Immun 1995; 63: 94–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crabtree J E, Farmery S M, Lindley I JD, Figura N, Peichl P, Tompkins D S. CagA/cytotoxic strains of Helicobacter pylori and interleukin-8 in gastric epithelial cells. J Clin Pathol 1994; 47: 945–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crabtree J E, Covacci A, Farmery S M, Ziang Z, Tompkins D S, Perry S, et al. Helicobacter pylori induced interleukin-8 expression in gastric epithelial cells is associated with CagA positive phenotype. J Clin Pathol 1995; 48: 41–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghiara P, Marchetti M, Blaser M J, Tummuru M KR, Cover T L, Segal E D, et al. Role of the Helicobacter pylori virulence factors vacuolating cytotoxin, CagA and urease in a mouse model of disease. Infect Immun 1995; 63: 4154–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rautelin H, Blomberg B, Fredlund H, Järnerot G, Danielsson D. Incidence of Helicobacter pylori strains activating neutrophils in patients with peptic ulcer disease. Gut 1993; 34: 599–603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rautelin H, Blomberg B, Järnerot G, Danielsson D. Nonopsonic activation of neutrophils and cytotoxin production by Helicobacter pylori: ulcerogenic markers. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994; 29: 128–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobala G M, Crabtree J E, Dixon M F, Schorah C J, Taylor J D, Rathbone B J, et al. Acute Helicobacter pylori infection: clinical features, local and systemic immune response, gastric mucosal histology, and gastric juice ascorbic acid concentrations. Gut 1991; 32: 1415–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall B, Armstrong J, McGechie D, Glancy R. Attempt to fulfil Koch's postulate for pyloric Campylobacter. Med J Aust 1985; 152: 436–9
   Google Scholar
• Baggiolini M, Dewald B, Moser B. Interleukin-8 and related chemotactic cytokines—CXC and CC chemokines. Adv Immunol 1994; 55: 97–179
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crabtree J E, Lindley I JD. Mucosal interleukin-8 and Helicobacter pylori-associated gastroduodenal disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1994; 1(6 Suppl)S33–8
   Google Scholar
• Crabtree J E, Peichl P, Wyatt J I, Stachl U, Lindley I JD. Gastric IL-8 and IL-8 IgA autoantibodies in Helicobacter pylori infection. Scand J Immunol 1993; 37: 65–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida N, Granger D N, Evans D G, Evans D J, Jr, Graham D Y, Anderson D C, et al. Mechanisms involved in Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation. Gastroenterology 1993; 105: 1431–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neilsen H, Andersen L P. Chemotactic activity of Helicobacter pylori sonicate for human polymorphonuclear leucocytes and monocytes. Gut 1992; 33: 738–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mai U EH, Perez-Perez G I, Allen J B, Wahl S M, Blaser M J, Smith P D. Surface proteins from Helicobacter pylori exhibit chemotactic activity for human leukocytes and are present in gastric mucosa. J Exp Med 1992; 175: 517–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neilsen H, Birkholz S, Andersen L P, Moran A P. Neutrophil activation by Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide. J Infect Dis 1994; 170: 135–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mai U EH, Perez-Perez G I, Wahl L M, Wahl S M, Blaser M J, Smith P D. Soluble surface proteins from Helicobacter pylori activate monocyte/macrophages by lipopolysaccharide-independent mechanisms. J Clin Invest 1991; 87: 894–900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nörgaard A, Andersen L P, Neilsen H. Neutrophil degranulation by Helicobacter pylori proteins. Gut 1995; 36: 354–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Craig P M, Territo M C, Karnes W E, Walsh J H. Helicobacter pylori secretes a chemotactic factor for monocytes and neutrophils. Gut 1992; 33: 1020–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen H, Andersen L P. Activation of human phagocytic oxidative metabolism by Helicobacter pylori. Gastroenterology 1992; 103: 1747–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurose I, Granger D N, Evans D J, Evans D G, Graham D Y, Miyaska M, et al. Helicobacter pylori-induced microvascular protein leakage in rats: role of neutrophils, mast cells and platelets. Gastroenterology 1994; 107: 70–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans D J, Evans D G, Takemura T, Nakono H, Graham D Y, Granger D N, et al. Identification of Helicobacter pylori neutrophil activating protein: a ring-forming protein of Helicobacter pylori which promotes neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells. Am J Gastroenterol 1994; 89: 1338.
   Google Scholar
• Eckmann L, Kagnoff M F, Fierer J. Epithelial cells secrete the chemokine interleukin-8 in response to bacterial entry. Infect Immun 1993; 61: 4569–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massion P P, Inoue H, Richman-Eisenstat J, Grunberger D, Jorens P G, Housset B, et al. Novel Pseudomonas product stimulates interleukin-8 production in airway epithelial cells in vitro. J Clin Invest 1994; 93: 26–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crabtree J E, Wyatt J I, Trejdosiewicz L K, Peichl P, Nichols P H, Ramsay N, et al. Interleukin-8 expression in Helicobacter pylori infected, normal and neoplastic gastroduodenal mucosa. J Clin Pathol 1994; 47: 61–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smoot D T, Resau J H, Naab T, Desbordes C, Gilliam T, Bull-Henry K, et al. Adherence of Helicobacter pylori to cultured gastric epithelial cells. Infect Immun 1993; 61: 350–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crabtree J E, Xiang Z, Lindley I JD, Tompkins D S, Rappuoli R, Covacci A. Induction of interleukin-8 secretion from gastric epithelial cells by cagA negative isogenic mutant of Helicobacter pylori. J Clin Pathol 1995; 48: 967–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowe S E, Alvarez L, Dytoc M, Hunt R H, Muller M, Sherman P, et al. Expression of interleukin-8 and CD45 by human gastric epithelium after Helicobacter pylori infection in vitro. Gastroenterology 1995; 108: 65–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb L MC, Ehrengruber M U, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M, Rot A. Binding to heparan sulfate or heparin enhances neutrophil responses to interleukin-8. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 7158–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yashimoto K, Okamoto S, Mukaida N, Murakami S, Mai M, Matsushima K. Tumour necrosis factor α and interferon γ synergistically induce interleukin-8 production in a human gastric cancer cell line through acting concurrently on AP-1 and NF-kB-like binding sites of the IL-8 gene. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 22506–11
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crabtree J E, Spencer J. Immunologic aspects of Helicobacter pylori infection and malignant transformation of B cells. Semin Gastrointest Dis 1996; 7: 1–11
   Google Scholar
• Crabtree J E, Shallcross T M, Heatley R V, Wyatt J I. Mucosal tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in patients with Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis. Gut 1991; 32: 1473–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noach L A, Bosma N B, Jansen J, Hoek F H, van Deventer S JH, Tytgat G NJ. Mucosal tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-8 production in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994; 29: 425–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tufano M A, Rossano F, Catalanotti P, Liguori G, Capasso C, Ceccarelli M T, et al. Immunobiological activities of Helicobacter pylori porins. Infect Immun 1994; 62: 1392–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Telford J L, Ghiara P, Dell'Orco M, Comanducci M, Burroni D, Bugnoli M, et al. Gene structure of the Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin and evidence of its key role in gastric disease. J Exp Med 1994; 179: 1653–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stricter R M, Kasahara K, Allen R M, Standiford T J, Rolfe M W, Becker F S, et al. Cytokine-induced neutrophil-derived interleukin-8. Am J Pathol 1992; 141: 397–407
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crabtree J E, Perry S, Moran A, Peichl P, Tompkins D S, Lindley I JD. Neutrophil IL-8 secretion induced by Helicobacter pylori. Am J Gastroenterol 1994; 89: 1337.
   Google Scholar
• Nakamura H, Yoshimura K, McElvaney N G, Crystal R G. Neutrophil elastase in respiratory epithelial lining fluid of individuals with cystic fibrosis induces interleukin-8 gene expression in a human bronchial epithelial cell line. J Clin Invest 1992; 89: 1478–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott P, Trinchieri G. The role of natural killer cells in host-parasite interactions. Curr Opin Immunol 1995; 7: 34–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarkkanen J, Kosunen T U, Saksela E. Contact of lymphocytes with Helicobacter pylori augments natural killer cell activity and induces production of gamma interferon. Infect Immun 1993; 61: 3012–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scharton T M, Scott P. Natural killer cells are a source of interferon gamma that drives differentiation of CD4+ T cell subsets and induces early resistance to Leishmania major in mice. J Exp Med 1993; 178: 567–77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Garra A, Murphy K. Role of cytokines in determining T-lymphocyte function. Curr Opin Immunol 1994; 6: 458–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott P. Selective differentiation of CD4+ T helper subsets. Curr Opin Immunol 1993; 5: 391–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karttunen R, Karttunen T, Ekre H PT, MacDonald T T. Interferon gamma and interleukin-4 secreting cells in the gastric antrum in Helicobacter pylori positive and negative gastritis. Gut 1995; 36: 341–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crabtree J E, Taylor J D, Wyatt J I, Heatley R V, Shallcross T M, Tompkins D S, et al. Mucosal IgA recognition of Helicobacter pylori 120 kDa protein, peptic ulceration, and gastric pathology. Lancet 1991; 338: 332–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moss S F, Legon S, Davies J, Calam J. Cytokine gene expression in Helicobacter pylori associated antral gastritis. Gut 1994; 35: 1567–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marchetti M, Arico B, Burroni D, Figura N, Rappuoli R, Ghiara P. Development of a mouse model of Helicobacter pylori infection that mimics human disease. Science 1995; 267: 1655–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valnes K, Brandtzaeg P. Subclass distribution of mucosal IgG-producing cells in gastritis. Gut 1989; 30: 322–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rathbone B J, Wyatt J I, Worsley B W, Shires S E, Trejdosiewicz L K, Heatley R V, et al. Systemic and local antibody responses to gastric Campylobacter pyloridis in non-ulcer dyspepsia. Gut 1986; 27: 642–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crabtree J E, Shallcross T M, Wyatt J I, Taylor J D, Heatley R V, Rathbone B J, et al. Mucosal humoral immune response to Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenitis. Dig Dis Sci 1991; 36: 1266–73
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crabtree J E, Mahony M J, Taylor J D, Heatley R V, Littlewood J M, Tompkins D S. Immune responses to Helicobacter pylori in children with recurrent abdominal pain. J Clin Pathol 1991; 44: 768–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Wulffen H, Grote H J, Gaterman S, Loning T, Berger B, Buhl C. Immunoblot analysis of immune response to Campylobacter pylori and its clinical associations. J Clin Pathol 1988; 41: 653–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newell D G. Human antibody responses to the surface protein antigens of Campylobacter pyloridis. Serodiagnosis Immunother 1987; 1: 209–17
   Google Scholar
• Hirschl A M, Brandstätter G, Dragosics B, Hentschel E, Kundi M, Rotter M L, et al. Kinetics of specific IgG antibodies for monitoring the effect of anti-Helicobacter pylori chemotherapy. J Infect Dis 1993; 168: 763–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glupczynski Y, Burette A, Goosens H, DePrez C, Butzler J P. Effect of antimicrobial therapy on the specific serological response to Helicobacter pylori infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1992; 11: 583–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Covacci A, Censini S, Bugnoli M, Petracca R, Burroni D, Macchia G, et al. Molecular characterization of the 128-kDa immunodominant antigen of Helicobacter pylori associated with cytotoxicity and duodenal ulcer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 5791–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiang Z, Bugnoli A, Ponzetto A, Morgando A, Figura N, Covacci A, et al. Detection in an enzyme immunoassay of an immune response to a recombinant fragment of the 128 kilodalton protein (CagA) of Helicobacter pylori. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1993; 12: 739–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crabtree J E, Eyre D, Levy L, Covacci A, Rappuoli R, Morgan A G. Serological evaluation of Helicobacter pylori eradication using recombinant CagA protein. Gut 1995; 36: A46.
   Google Scholar
• Figura N, Crabtree J E. H. pylori vacuolating toxin. Helicobacter pylori, basic mechanisms to clinical cure, R H Hunt, G NJ Tytgat. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 1994; 59: 222–31
   Google Scholar
• Aspinall G O, Monteir M A, Pang H, Walsh E J, Moran A P. O antigen chains in the lipopolysaccharide of Helicobacter pylori NCTC 11637. Carbohydr Lett 1994; 1: 151–6.
   Google Scholar
• Negrini R, Lisato L, Zanella I, Cavazzini L, Gullini S, Villanacci V, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection induces antibodies cross-reacting with human gastric mucosa. Gastroenterology 1991; 101: 437–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macchia G, Massone A, Burroni D, Covacci A, Censini S, Rappuoli R. The hsp60 protein of Helicobacter pylori: structure and immune response in patients with gastroduodenal disease. Mol Microbiol 1993; 9: 645–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma S A, Miller G G, Perez-Perez G I, Gupta R S, Blaser M J. Humoral and cellular immune recognition of Helicobacter pylori proteins are not concordant. Clin Exp Immunol 1994; 97: 126–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown W R, Borthistle K B, Chen S T. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgE-containing cells in the gastrointestinal fluids. Clin Exp Immunol 1975; 20: 227–37
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Catto-Smith A G, Patrick M K, Scott R B, Davison J S, Gall D G. Gastric response to mucosal IgE-mediated reactions. Am J Physiol 1989; 257: G704–8
   Google Scholar
• Aceti A, Celestino D, Caferro M, Casale V, Citarda F, Conti E M, et al. Basophil-bound and serum immunoglobulin E directed against Helicobacter pylori in patients with chronic gastritis. Gastroenterology 1991; 101: 131–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Queiroz D MM, Mendes E N, Rocha G A, Barbosa A JA, Carvalho A ST, Cunha-Melo J R. Histamine concentration of gastric mucosa in Helicobacter pylori positive and negative children. Gut 1991; 32: 464–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Genta R M, Hamner H W, Graham D Y. Gastric lymphoid follicles in Helicobacter pylori infection. Hum Pathol 1993; 24: 577–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engstrand L, Scheynius A, Påhlson C, Grimelius L, Schwann A, Gustavsson S. Association of Campylobacter pylori with induced expression of class II transplantation antigens on gastric epithelial cells. Infect Immun 1989; 57: 827–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussell T, Isaacson P, Crabtree J E, Spencer J. The response of cells from low grade B cell gastric lymphomas of mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue to Helicobacter pylori. Lancet 1993; 342: 571–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Tommaso A, Xiang Z, Bugnoli M, Figura N, Bayeli P F, Rappuoli R, et al. Helicobacter pylori specific CD4+ T-cell clones from peripheral blood and gastric biopsies. Infect Immun 1995; 63: 1102–12
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Valnes K, Huitfeldt H S, Brandtzaeg P. Relation between T cell number and epithelial HLA class II expression quantified by image analysis in normal and inflamed human gastric mucosa. Gut 1990; 31: 647–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sollid L M, Kvale D, Brandtzaeg P, Markussen G, Thorsby E. Interferon gamma enhances expression of secretory component, the epithelial receptor for polymeric immunoglobulins. J Immunol 1987; 138: 4303–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanchard H G, Czinn S J, Nedrud J G, Redline R W. Helicobacter-associated gastritis in SCID mice. Infect Immun 1995; 63: 1113–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Knipp U, Birkholz S, Kaup W, Mahnke K, Opferkuch W. Suppression of human mononuclear cell response by Helicobacter pylori: effects on isolated monocytes and lymphocytes. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1994; 8: 157–66
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Michetti P, Corthesy-Theulaz I, Davin C, Haas R, Vaney A C, Heitz M, et al. Immunization of BALB/c mice against Helicobacter felis infection with Helicobacter pylori urease. Gastroenterology 1994; 107: 1002–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrero R L, Thiberge J M, Huerre M, Labigne A. Recombinant antigens prepared from the urease subunits of Helicobacter spp.: evidence of protection in a mouse model of gastric infection. Infect Immun 1994; 62: 4981–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen M, Lee A, Hazell S, Hu P, Li Y. Immunisation against gastric infection with Helicobacter species: first step in the prophylaxis of gastric cancer?. Zentralbl Bakteriol 1993; 280(78)155–65
   PubMedGoogle Scholar