Outcome and clinical characteristics in pleural empyema: A retrospective study

References

• Smith JA, Mullerworth MH, Westlake GW, Tatoulis J. Empyema thoracis: 14-year experience in a teaching center. Ann Thorac Surg 1991;51:39–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindstrom ST, Kolbe J. Community acquired parapneumonic thoracic empyema: predictors of outcome. Respirology 1999;4:173–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davies CW, Kearney SE, Gleeson FV, Davies RJ. Predictors of outcome and long-term survival in patients with pleural infection. J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160:1682–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasse S, Nguyen TK, Mulligan M, Wang NS, Mahutte CK. The effects of early chest tube placement on empyema resolution. Chest 1997;111:1679–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashbaugh DG. Empyema thoracis. Factors influencing morbidity and mortality. Chest 1991;99:1162–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang HC, Chang HY, Chen CW, Lee CH, Hsiue TR. Predicting factors for outcome of tube thoracostomy in complicated parapneumonic effusion for empyema. Chest 1999; 115:751–6.
   Google Scholar
• Davies CW, Gleeson FV, Davies RJ. BTS guidelines for the management of pleural infection. Thorax 2003;58(Suppl 2):ii18–28.
   Google Scholar
• Colice GL, Curtis A, Deslauriers J, Heffner J, Light R, Littenberg B, . Medical and surgical treatment of parapneumonic effusions: an evidence-based guideline. Chest 2000;118:1158–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies HE, Davies RJ, Davies CW; BTS Pleural Disease Guideline Group. Management of pleural infection in adults: British Thoracic Society Pleural Disease Guideline 2010. Thorax 2010;65(Suppl 2):ii41–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frey DJ, Klapa J, Kaiser D. Irrigation drainage and fibrinolysis for treatment of parapneumonial pleural empyema. Pneumologie 1999;53:596–604.
   Google Scholar
• Sen S, Senturk E, Pabuscu E, Cokpinar S, Yaman E. [Minimally invasive approach in the pleural fluids]. Tuberk Toraks 2010;58:71–7.
   Google Scholar
• Heindorff H, Drenck NE. Pleural empyema. 95 cases treated at a thoracic surgery department. Ugeskr Laeger 1987;149: 293–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garner JS, Jarvis WR, Emori TG, Horan TC, Hughes JM. CDC definitions for nosocomial infections, 1988. Am J Infect Control 1988;16:128–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer CN, Rosenlund S, Nielsen J, Friis-Møller A. Bacteriological aetiology and antimicrobial treatment of pleural empyema. Scand J Infect Dis 2011;43:165–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maskell NA, Davies CW, Nunn AJ, Hedley EL, Gleeson FV, Miller R, . U.K. Controlled trial of intrapleural streptokinase for pleural infection. N Engl J Med 2005;352:865–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron R, Davies HR. Intra-pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus conservative management in the treatment of parapneumonic effusions and empyema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(2):CD002312.
   Google Scholar
• Diacon AH, Koegelenberg CF, Bolliger CT. A trial of intrapleural streptokinase. N Engl J Med 2005;352:2243–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bouros D, Schiza S, Tzanakis N, Chalkiadakis G, Drositis J, Siafakas N. Intrapleural urokinase versus normal saline in the treatment of complicated parapneumonic effusions and empyema. A randomized, double-blind study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;159:37–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies RJ, Traill ZC, Gleeson FV. Randomised controlled trial of intrapleural streptokinase in community acquired pleural infection. Thorax 1997;52:416–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuncozgur B, Ustunsoy H, Sivrikoz MC, Dikensoy O, Topal M, Sanli M, . Intrapleural urokinase in the management of parapneumonic empyema: a randomised controlled trial. Int J Clin Pract 2001;55:658–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diacon AH, Theron J, Schuurmans MM, Van de Wal BW, Bolliger CT. Intrapleural streptokinase for empyema and complicated parapneumonic effusions. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004;170:49–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Light RW. Parapneumonic effusions and empyema. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2006;3:75–80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Molnar TF. Current surgical treatment of thoracic empyema in adults. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2007;32:422–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassina PC, Hauser M, Hillejan L, Greschuchna D, Stamatis G. Video-assisted thoracoscopy in the treatment of pleural empyema: stage-based management and outcome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999;117:234–8.
   Google Scholar
• Lim TK, Chin NK. Empirical treatment with fibrinolysis and early surgery reduces the duration of hospitalization in pleural sepsis. Eur Respir J 1999;13:514–8.
   Google Scholar
• Wozniak CJ, Paull DE, Moezzi JE, Scott RP, Anstadt MP, York VV, . Choice of first intervention is related to outcomes in the management of empyema. Ann Thorac Surg 2009;87:1525–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wait MA, Sharma S, Hohn J, Dal NA. A randomized trial of empyema therapy. Chest 1997;111:1548–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koegelenberg CF, Diaconi AH, Bolligeri CT. Parapneumonic pleural effusion and empyema. Respiration 2008;75: 241–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar